RESUMO
Few studies have explored the incidence and general trends in knife-related victimizations in the United States (US), especially in settings where preventive interventions can potentially be initiated such as emergency departments (EDs). The goal of the present investigation was to provide an empirical portrait of the psychosocial and behavioral health characteristics of patients assaulted by sharp objects, particularly knives, as revealed in EDs in the US, as less research has focused on knife victimization in the US than internationally. This study uses data from the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), which is part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project distributed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Findings revealed that demographically males (especially those aged 18-25), those in poverty, and members of racially minoritized groups were more likely to be present with knife-related assault. Key factors increasing the odds of knife-related victimization treated in EDs were homelessness, legal involvement, and substance use, particularly alcohol and stimulant use disorder. Somewhat surprisingly, mental health diagnosis was not associated with increased knife-related victimization. Although EDs are critical to treating knife-related victimization, they are also potentially key points to launch prevention for high-risk individuals to reduce subsequent violence stemming from escalation of interpersonal disputes.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study systematically reviews the systematic review (SR) evidence on mental health recovery from the perspective of adults with mental illness. METHODS: Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the libraries of the Cochrane Collaboration, Campbell Collaboration, and Joanna Briggs Institute were searched to identify eligible SRs including qualitative primary research. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment. Overlap of primary studies was calculated. A framework for recovery was generated using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: An ecological model of recovery that included elements of psychological well-being was generated from 25 studies bridging personal/clinical, individual/social, and process/outcome conceptualizations of recovery. The first theme was a definition of recovery as a transformation from a negative identity state marked by despair, brokenness, and helplessness to a positive state of psychological well-being. This transformation was contingent upon four additional themes that included: (a) social and environmental conditions supporting access to basic resources and safety; (b) development of a sense of autonomy and personal responsibility; (c) roles and relationships that facilitated the personal experience of belonging and meaning; and (d) enlightenment defined as acceptance of the illness as a part of oneself and insight into how to promote well-being. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Professionals working in recovery-oriented systems must consider how the subjective self-representations of persons with mental illness and objective social relationships interact to impact recovery. We close by discussing interventions that may promote the personal and social conditions of recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
