Iceberg lettuce cultivated in different systems of planting and sources of fertilizer

Abstract Organic fertilization is a cheaper and highly effective option for profitability and consequent improvement of the soil's physical, chemical, and biological structure. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate different types of fertilization: organic (poultry shed litter), mineral, and leaf path on yield parameters of lettuce grown in various types of planting. The treatments consisted of using two planting systems (P1 - Line and P2 - quincunxes) and mineral and organic fertilizers (A1 - mineral fertilization; A2 - mineral fertilization + leaf fertilization; A3 - organic fertilization with poultry shed litter and A4 - fertilization organic + mineral). The experimental units consisted of 36 and 52 plants, respectively, for treatments P1 and P2, and all central plants of the experimental unit were evaluated. Heart height, fresh mass, and leaf number were observed. The mineral and mineral + leaf treatments did not differentiate, either in line or in quincunxes. The treatment that stood out about the analyzed variables was the organic fertilization and quincunxes planting system, reflecting a more significant number of lettuce plants and better use of the area.

Resumo A adubação orgânica é uma opção mais barata e de grande eficácia em relação à rentabilidade e consequente melhoria da estrutura física, química e biológica do solo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes tipos de adubação: orgânica (cama de frango), mineral e via foliar sobre parâmetros de produtividade de alface cultivada em diferentes tipos de plantio. Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de dois sistemas de plantio (P1 - Linha e P2 - Quincôncio) e adubações minerais e orgânicas (A1 - adubação mineral; A2 - adubação mineral + adubação foliar; A3 - adubação orgânica com cama de aviário e A4 - adubação orgânica + mineral). As unidades experimentais foram compostas por 36 e 52 plantas, respectivamente, para os tratamentos em linha e em quincôncio, sendo avaliadas todas as plantas centrais da unidade experimental. Foram observados a altura do coração, massa fresca e número de folhas. Os tratamentos mineral e mineral + foliar não diferenciaram entre si, tanto em linha quanto em quincôncio. O tratamento que se destacou em relação às variáveis analisadas foi aquele baseado na adubação orgânica e sistema de plantio em quincôncio, refletindo em maior número de pés de alface e melhor aproveitamento da área.

Iceberg lettuce cultivated in different systems of planting and sources of fertilizer / Alface americana cultivada em diferentes sistemas de plantio e fontes de fertilizantes

Organic fertilization is a cheaper and highly effective option for profitability and consequent improvement of the soil's physical, chemical, and biological structure. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate different types of fertilization: organic (poultry shed litter), mineral, and leaf path on yield parameters of lettuce grown in various types of planting. The treatments consisted of using two planting systems (P1 - Line and P2 - quincunxes) and mineral and organic fertilizers (A1 - mineral fertilization; A2 - mineral fertilization + leaf fertilization; A3 - organic fertilization with poultry shed litter and A4 - fertilization organic + mineral). The experimental units consisted of 36 and 52 plants, respectively, for treatments P1 and P2, and all central plants of the experimental unit were evaluated. Heart height, fresh mass, and leaf number were observed. The mineral and mineral + leaf treatments did not differentiate, either in line or in quincunxes. The treatment that stood out about the analyzed variables was the organic fertilization and quincunxes planting system, reflecting a more significant number of lettuce plants and better use of the area.

A adubação orgânica é uma opção mais barata e de grande eficácia em relação à rentabilidade e consequente melhoria da estrutura física, química e biológica do solo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes tipos de adubação: orgânica (cama de frango), mineral e via foliar sobre parâmetros de produtividade de alface cultivada em diferentes tipos de plantio. Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de dois sistemas de plantio (P1 - Linha e P2 - Quincôncio) e adubações minerais e orgânicas (A1 - adubação mineral; A2 - adubação mineral + adubação foliar; A3 - adubação orgânica com cama de aviário e A4 - adubação orgânica + mineral). As unidades experimentais foram compostas por 36 e 52 plantas, respectivamente, para os tratamentos em linha e em quincôncio, sendo avaliadas todas as plantas centrais da unidade experimental. Foram observados a altura do coração, massa fresca e número de folhas. Os tratamentos mineral e mineral + foliar não diferenciaram entre si, tanto em linha quanto em quincôncio. O tratamento que se destacou em relação às variáveis analisadas foi aquele baseado na adubação orgânica e sistema de plantio em quincôncio, refletindo em maior número de pés de alface e melhor aproveitamento da área.

Iceberg lettuce cultivated in different systems of planting and sources of fertilizer.

Organic fertilization is a cheaper and highly effective option for profitability and consequent improvement of the soil's physical, chemical, and biological structure. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate different types of fertilization: organic (poultry shed litter), mineral, and leaf path on yield parameters of lettuce grown in various types of planting. The treatments consisted of using two planting systems (P1 - Line and P2 - quincunxes) and mineral and organic fertilizers (A1 - mineral fertilization; A2 - mineral fertilization + leaf fertilization; A3 - organic fertilization with poultry shed litter and A4 - fertilization organic + mineral). The experimental units consisted of 36 and 52 plants, respectively, for treatments P1 and P2, and all central plants of the experimental unit were evaluated. Heart height, fresh mass, and leaf number were observed. The mineral and mineral + leaf treatments did not differentiate, either in line or in quincunxes. The treatment that stood out about the analyzed variables was the organic fertilization and quincunxes planting system, reflecting a more significant number of lettuce plants and better use of the area.

Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for handball injuries in Brazilian elite handball players. Overall, 339 athletes from 21 handball teams who participated in the two main Brazilian championships were followed up during a season. In total, 312 injuries were reported by 201 athletes. The injury incidence rate during training was 3.7/1000 h, and during matches was 20.3/1000 matches. Ankle (19.4%, n = 46) and knee (13.5%, n = 32) were the body regions most affected by traumatic injuries. Shoulders (44.0%, n = 33) and knee (26.7%, n = 20) were the body regions most affected by overuse injuries. Muscle injuries (27.1%, n = 68) was the traumatic injury type most reported. Tendinopathy (91.8%, n = 56) was the overuse injury type most observed. Previous injury (OR: 2.42, CI 95%: 1.51-3.89) and an additional match per week (OR: 1.31, CI 95%: 1.05-1.62) were associated with a higher risk of overuse injury. Female athletes (OR: 1.56, CI 95%: 1.08-2.25) and an additional hour of training per week (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 1.02-1.15) were associated with a higher risk of traumatic injury. This study showed that athletes with previous injury have shown a high risk of developing an overuse injury.

Genetic divergence among sweet corn lines estimated by microsatellite markers.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 sugary-1 sweet corn lines by microsatellite markers. One hundred pairs of simple sequence repeat primers that were mapped for field corn were tested. Of these primers, 15% were polymorphic, and all were selected for the evaluation. These primers identified a total of 39 alleles among the 15 loci that were evaluated. The number of alleles per locus in the genotypes ranged from 2 to 4, with an average of 2.60 alleles per locus; the highest number of alleles was observed at the loci Bnlg1083, Umc1241, and Umc1590. The occurrence of null alleles at locus Umc1363 was evident only in line DN44. The proportion of polymorphic loci was the highest in lines DN17.1 and DN6 (73.33%), whereas lines DN47, DN23, and DN28 were more monomorphic than other lines. The loci Bnlg1083 and Umc1506 were polymorphic in 8 and 7 lines, respectively, indicating that these loci might be effective and promising for the identification of polymorphism in other sweet corn lines. The genetic diversity calculated by Rogers' genetic distances indicated the lowest genetic similarity between lines DN9 and DN28 (0.7603) and the highest similarity between lines DN19 and DN6 (0.3724). The dendrogram obtained by the unweighted pair-group method based on arithmetic averages indicated the formation of 4 major groups, showing the crossing of the genotypes DN19 and DN6 with DN8 as a possible alternative for the expression of heterozygosis.

Tradução e adaptação cultural do WORC: um questionário de qualidade de vida para alterações do manguito rotador / Translation and cultural adaptation of WORC: a quality-of-life questionnaire for rotator cuff disorders

OBJETIVO: Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural do questionário WORC (The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) para a língua portuguesa para ulterior validação no Brasil. MÉTODOS: O protocolo aplicado consistiu em: 1) Preparação, 2) Tradução, 3) Tradução de volta à língua original (retro-tradução), 4) Interrogatório Cognitivo e 5) Relato de Informações. Ao serem concluídas as etapas de tradução e retro-tradução, as versões foram enviadas para os autores do WORC original, que as aprovaram para continuação do estudo. A versão em Português foi aplicada a 35 pacientes com disfunções do manguito rotador para verificar o nível de compreensão do instrumento. A idade média foi 57 anos (DP=13), 63 por cento eram do sexo feminino e 74 por cento tinham nível de escolaridade de primeiro grau incompleto. A versão brasileira final do WORC foi definida após se conseguir menos que 15 por cento de "não compreensão" em cada item. Para análise das variáveis, foi utilizada estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Realizaram-se mudanças e substituições de termos e expressões para obter equivalência cultural do WORC. Alteraram-se também os termos "não compreendidos" pelos pacientes de acordo com as sugestões feitas por eles. CONCLUSÃO: Após a tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário, foi concluída a versão em Português do WORC que está em processo de validação para ser utilizada no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To accomplish the translation of WORC (The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) into Portuguese and its cultural adaptation, for future validation in Brazil. METHOD: The protocol applied consisted of: 1) Preparation; 2) Forward translation; 3) Back translation; 4) Cognitive Debriefing; and 5) Information report. After concluding the forward and back-translations, the versions were sent to the authors of the original questionnaire, who gave their approval for the study to be continued. The Portuguese version was applied to 35 patients with rotator cuff dysfunctions to verify the level of understanding of the instrument. The mean age of these patients was 57 years (SD = 13); 63 percent were female and 74 percent had not completed elementary school. The final Brazilian version of WORC was defined after achieving a "no comprehension" rate of less than 15 percent for each item. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the variables. RESULTS: Some terms and expressions were changed or replaced to obtain cultural equivalence for WORC. The terms that were incomprehensible to the patients were changed in accordance with their own suggestions. CONCLUSION: After the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, the final Portuguese version of WORC was concluded and it is now undergoing validation for use in Brazil.

Relactacao - I. Proposta de uma tecnica para facilitar a estimulacao da lactacao / Relactation - I. Proposal of a technic to facilitate the stimulation of lactation

Os autores propoem uma tecnica de relactacao em maes de criancas reinternadas na Maternidade de Campinas, nos Ambulatorios da Faculdade de Medicina da UNICAMP e do Instituto de Pediatria da UNICAMP e que haviam deixado de amamentar por varios motivos. Aplicam um metodo simples de estimulacao de succao ao seio com sonda nasogastrica tipo adulto, adaptada ao mamilo materno por onde se faz complementacao alimentar com leite humano de Banco, ou leite de vaca, enquanto nao se restabelece a producao lactea. Baseiam sua tecnica fundamentalmente em apoio e assessoria psicologica intensa, succoes frequentes e repetidas do mamilo, para estimular a producao de prolactina, e complementacao alimentar concomitante para reforcar a succao