Investigation of flexural behaviour of composite rebars for concrete reinforcement with experimental, numerical and machine learning approaches.

Three different types (with glass, basalt and hybrid fibres) of composite rebars manufactured using the pultrusion process were loaded in four-point bending tests. All tests were carried out with acoustic emission sensors to better understand the mechanisms of damage. The data obtained were investigated using standard parameter analysis and also using unsupervised machine learning techniques called K-means. It was found that the best number of clusters is four or five. The numerical model using the finite-element method was calibrated on the basis of the experimental data. Further research will focus on numerical modelling of flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with the presented composite rebars. The presented paper focuses on the characterization of the mechanical properties of composite rebars using a micromechanical approach, as well as analysis of progression damage processes appearing under flexural loading, using different perspectives provided by techniques such as acoustic emission analysis with machine learning-based clustering and numerical simulations. The presented research confirms that the proposed experimental-numerical approach can be applied in order to describe the flexural behaviour of Fibre Reinforcement Polymer (FRP) rods, which is relevant for investigating more complex cases of FRP concrete structures. This article is part of the theme issue 'Physics-informed machine learning and its structural integrity applications (Part 1)'.

Tradução, adaptação e validação linguística do FACE-Q Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço para o português do Brasil / FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Linguistic Validation

Introdução: As neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço costumam afetar funções fundamentais, como engolir, falar, comer e se socializar. A avaliação do seu tratamento deve, portanto, levar em consideração a opinião do médico e a perspectiva do paciente. Essa dificuldade em avaliar o sucesso do tratamento levou ao desenvolvimento do FACE-Q - Módulo de Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, um questionário de resultados relatados pelo paciente que mede a aparência, função facial, qualidade de vida e experiência de cuidado para neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo é a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação linguística do questionário FACE- Q Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço para o português brasileiro. Métodos: A tradução, adaptação cultural e validação linguística do questionário completo ocorreram em quatro etapas, usando as diretrizes oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da Sociedade Internacional de Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados. Resultados: Uma versão em português brasileiro semântica, idiomática e conceitualmente equivalente foi obtida por meio de uma tradução validada linguisticamente do módulo FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer em inglês. Conclusão: A versão em português brasileiro apresenta uma versão com equivalente ao instrumento original em inglês, que pode ser utilizada como avaliação crítica de resultados relatados pelo paciente.

Introduction: Head and neck neoplasms often affect fundamental functions, such as swallowing, speech, eating, and socializing. Evaluating their treatment should consider the physician's opinion and the patient's perspective. This difficulty in assessing the success of treatment led to the development of the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module, a questionnaire of patient-reported outcomes that measure the appearance, facial function, quality of life, and experience of care to head and neck neoplasms. The objective is to translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of the full questionnaire took place in four stages, using official guidelines from the World Health Organization and the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. Results: A semantic, idiomatic, and conceptually equivalent Brazilian Portuguese version was achieved through a linguistically validated translation of the English FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer module. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version presents a version equivalent to the original English instrument, which can be used as a critical patient-reported outcome assessment.

"Huddles da Descompressão" como estratégia de apoio emocional durante a pandemia COVID-19 em um Serviço de Emergência / "Decompression Huddles" as an emotional support strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Emergency Service

A atuação do profissional de saúde da linha de frente em contexto de pandemia, como a COVID-19, desencadeia reações psíquicas intensas e alterações comportamentais. Estratégias precoces de apoio emocional buscam diminuir o agravamento do sofrimento a curto e médio prazo, sendo essencial promover um ambiente de cuidado como estratégia de enfrentamento da pandemia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a implementação da atividade "Huddle da Descompressão" no Serviço de Emergência de um hospital público, por meio de um relato de experiência. Os encontros ocorreram nos meses iniciais da pandemia e avaliou-se que as demandas trazidas foram condizentes com as identificadas pela literatura em contextos de crise. Observou-se que o papel da psicologia como parte da equipe multiprofissional foi de introduzir um espaço de cuidado e amparo aos profissionais da saúde, oportunizando que os profissionais pudessem refletir sobre estratégias para o alívio do sofrimento emocional imediato, facilitando a elaboração e adaptação às novas vivências, prevenindo o surgimento de doenças mentais.(AU)

The performance of the frontline health professional in a pandemic context, such as COVID-19, triggers intense psychological reactions and behavioral changes. Early emotional support strategies seek to reduce the aggravation of suffering in the short and medium term, its essential to promote a care environment as a strategy to cope with the pandemic. This paper aims to describe the implementation of the activity "Decompression Huddle" in the Emergency Service of a public hospital, through an experience report. The meetings took place in the initial months of the pandemic and it was assessed that the demands brought were consistent with those identified by the literature in contexts of crisis. It was observed that the role of psychology as part of the multiprofessional team was to introduce a space of care and support for health professionals, allowing professionals to reflect on strategies for the relief of immediate emotional suffering, facilitating the elaboration and adaptation to new situations, preventing the emergence of mental illnesses.(AU)

La actuación del profesional de salud de primera línea en un contexto pandémico, como COVID-19, desencadena reacciones psíquicas intensas y cambios de comportamiento. Las estrategias precoces de apoyo emocional buscan reducir el agravamiento del sufrimiento en el corto y mediano plazo, de modo que es fundamental promover un ambiente de atención como estrategia para enfrentar la pandemia. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la implementación de la actividad "Huddle de la Descompresión" en el Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital público, a través de un relato de experiencia. Las reuniones ocurrieron en los primeros meses de la pandemia y se evaluó que las demandas planteadas eran consistentes con las identificadas por la literatura en contextos de crisis. Se observó que el rol de la psicología como parte del equipo multiprofesional fue de introducir un espacio de atención y apoyo a los profesionales de la salud, permitiendo a los profesionales reflexionar sobre estrategias para el alivio del sufrimiento emocional inmediato, facilitando la elaboración y adaptación a nuevas situaciones, experiencias, previniendo la aparición de enfermedades mentales.(AU)

Complications using tissue expanders in burn sequelae treatment at a reference university hospital: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: tissue expanders have high relevance in plastic surgery and among indications it is worth mentioning their use in the treatment of burn reconstruction. Although it shows good results, its use requires special care because some complications can interrupt the reconstruction process. The objective of this study was to report the experience of the Clinics Hospital (University of Sao Paulo) with the use of tissue expanders to treat burn sequelae, establishing the incidence of complications, and identifying risk factors for their occurrence. METHODS: a retrospective, observational, and analytical study, evaluating the use of expanders in burns sequelae treatment from 2009 to 2018. RESULTS: 245 expanders were placed in 84 patients, 215 were female, with a mean age of 19.96 years, being 40% in the trunk and 20% in the scalp, with a predominance of rectangular shape in 76.7% of cases. Complications were classified as major and minor.Complications occurred in 17.95% of cases, and extrusion and infection were the most common. There was a higher incidence of complications in expanders used in the upper and lower limbs as well as in those who did not undergo concomitant expansion (p <0.05), with an even higher chance of major complications in patients submitted to additional expansion. From 2009 to 2018, we observed a decrease in the incidence of complications. CONCLUSION: the complication rate (17.95%) is similar to other studies of the literature, there was a higher rate of complication with expanders placed in the limbs and a higher rate of major complications when additional expansion was done.

Emissões otoacústicas em neonatos expostos ao fumo durante a gestação / Otoacoustic emissions in neonates exposed to smoke during pregnancy

Resumo Introdução: As substâncias tóxicas presentes na fumaça do cigarro podem danificar as células ciliadas da cóclea. Esse efeito foi investigado pela mensuração das emissões otoacústicas. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto de estímulos nas emissões otoacústicas, comparar neonatos com e sem exposição à fumaça de cigarro durante a gestação. Método: Testes de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes, evocadas por estímulo tipo clique e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, evocadas por dois tons, foram feitos em ambas as orelhas, com um aparelho Interacoustic TITAN. O estudo incluiu 105 neonatos divididos em dois grupos: um grupo de estudo, que compreendeu 47 neonatos expostos à fumaça durante a gravidez; e um grupo controle constituído por 58 neonatos que não foram expostos. Todos os participantes apresentaram triagem auditiva neonatal normal. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nos níveis de resposta das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção entre os grupos. Nos testes de emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes, foram observados menores níveis de resposta no grupo de estudo do que no grupo controle na análise de bandas de frequências da orelha direita, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos sinais e relação sinal-ruído (exceto a 1 kHz). Conclusão: O impacto da exposição ao fumo pôde ser analisado por meio das emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes em neonatos. O efeito da exposição à fumaça durante a gravidez foi evidenciado por uma redução nos níveis das emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes no grupo exposto. Esse mesmo efeito não foi observado para as análises feitas nos níveis das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção.

Otoacoustic emissions in neonates exposed to smoke during pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION: The toxic substances present in cigarette smoke can damage cochlea hair cells. This effect has been investigated by measuring otoacoustic emissions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of stimuli on otoacoustic emissions, comparing neonates with and without exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. METHODS: Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, evoked by a click stimulus, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, evoked by two tones tests were conducted in both ears, using an Interacoustic TITAN device. The study included 105 neonates divided into two groups: a study group, comprising 47 neonates exposed to smoke during pregnancy; and a control group comprized of 58 neonates who were not exposed. All participants had normal neonatal hearing screening. RESULTS: No statistical differences in distortion product otoacoustic emissions response levels were found between the groups. In the transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions tests lower response levels were observed in the study group than the control group in frequency band analysis of the right ear, with statistically significant differences in signals and signal-noise ratio (except at 1kHz). CONCLUSION: The impact of smoking exposure could be analyzed through transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in neonates. The group effect of smoke exposure during pregnancy was evidenced by a reduction in transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions levels. This same effect was not observed for the analyses performed on distortion product otoacoustic emissions levels.

Idiopathic Bone Cavity: Clinicopathologic Features from a Case Series with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Apical Periodontitis.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) is an uncommon bone lesion that usually affects youngsters as an unilocular radiolucency with predilection for the posterior mandible. Because the lesion is frequently located in proximity to the adjacent teeth, chronic apical periodontitis is commonly included as a differential diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical and radiologic features of a series of IBCs diagnosed in a single service. METHODS: All cases diagnosed as IBC were retrieved from the files of an oral pathology laboratory, and the clinical and radiologic characteristics were described with a focus on the differential diagnosis with chronic apical periodontitis. RESULTS: Thirty cases composed the final sample. The mean age of the affected patients was 22 years old; there was no sex predilection, and most lesions were located on the posterior (47%) and anterior (43%) mandible. Most lesions presented as unilocular radiolucencies (87%), and 90% were located in close association with the adjacent teeth. The associated teeth presented no endodontic involvement, and all proved to be vital. CONCLUSIONS: IBC usually affects young patients as an unilocular radiolucency in close association with the adjacent teeth. Careful radiologic analysis and vitality tests of the adjacent teeth are essential to rule out chronic apical periodontitis, thus avoiding any unnecessary endodontic treatment.

Complications using tissue expanders in burn sequelae treatment at a reference university hospital: a retrospective study / Complicações com o uso de expansores teciduais para tratamento de sequela de queimaduras em um hospital universitário de referência: estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Background: tissue expanders have high relevance in plastic surgery and among indications it is worth mentioning their use in the treatment of burn reconstruction. Although it shows good results, its use requires special care because some complications can interrupt the reconstruction process. The objective of this study was to report the experience of the Clinics Hospital (University of Sao Paulo) with the use of tissue expanders to treat burn sequelae, establishing the incidence of complications, and identifying risk factors for their occurrence. Methods: a retrospective, observational, and analytical study, evaluating the use of expanders in burns sequelae treatment from 2009 to 2018. Results: 245 expanders were placed in 84 patients, 215 were female, with a mean age of 19.96 years, being 40% in the trunk and 20% in the scalp, with a predominance of rectangular shape in 76.7% of cases. Complications were classified as major and minor.Complications occurred in 17.95% of cases, and extrusion and infection were the most common. There was a higher incidence of complications in expanders used in the upper and lower limbs as well as in those who did not undergo concomitant expansion (p <0.05), with an even higher chance of major complications in patients submitted to additional expansion. From 2009 to 2018, we observed a decrease in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: the complication rate (17.95%) is similar to other studies of the literature, there was a higher rate of complication with expanders placed in the limbs and a higher rate of major complications when additional expansion was done.

RESUMO Introdução: os expansores teciduais são de importante relevância na cirurgia plástica, e dentre suas indicações destaca-se seu uso no tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras. Ainda que apresente bons resultados, seu uso requer cuidados especiais pois a incidência de complicações não é desprezível. Objetivo: relatar a experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP com a utilização de expansores teciduais para tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras, estabelecendo a incidência de complicações e identificando possíveis fatores de risco para ocorrência das mesmas. Método: estudo retrospectivo, observacional e analítico, avaliando o uso de expansores no tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras no período de 2009 a 2018 no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Resultados: no período de análise estabelecido, foram colocados 245 expansores, sendo 215 em pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 19,96 anos, sendo 40% em tronco e 20% em couro cabeludo, predominando uso do retangular em 76,7% dos casos. As complicações foram divididas em maiores e menores. As complicações ocorreram em 17,95% dos casos, sendo extrusão e infecção as de maior incidência. Houve maior incidência de complicação em expansores utilizados nos membros superiores e inferiores bem como naqueles que não realizaram expansão concomitante (p<0,05), havendo ainda maior chance de complicações absolutas nos pacientes submetidos à expansão adicional. Observou-se também diminuição no número de complicações entre 2009 e 2018. Conclusão: a taxa de complicação (17,95%) é semelhante a da literatura, observando-se maior taxa de complicação nos expansores colocados em membros e maior taxa de complicações absolutas quando realizada expansão adicional.

Improved Outcomes after Reperfusion Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: A "Real-world" Study in a Developing Country.

BACKGROUND: It is unknown if improvements in ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes reported after cerebral reperfusion therapies (CRT) in developed countries are also applicable to the "real world" scenario of low and middle-income countries. We aimed to measure the long-term outcomes of severe IS treated or not with CRT in Brazil. METHODS: Patients from a stroke center of a state-run hospital were included. We compared the survival probability and functional status at 3 and 12 months in patients with severe IS treated or not with CRT. From 2010 to 2011, we performed intravenous reperfusion when patients arrived within 4.5 h time-window (IVT group) and after 2011, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) combined or not with intravenous alteplase (IAT group). Those who arrived >4.5 h in 2010-2011 and >6 h in 2012-2017 did not undergo CRT (NCRT group). RESULTS: From 2010 to 2017, we registered 917 patients: 74% (677/917) in the NCRT group, 19% (178/917) in the IVT group and 7% (62/917) in the IAT group. Compared to the NCRT group, IVT patients had a 28% higher (HR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.96) 3-month adjusted probability of survival and risk of functional dependence was 19% lower (adjusted RR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.91). For those who underwent MT, the adjusted probability of survival was 59 % higher (HR: 0.41; 95% CI 0.21-0.77) and the risk of functional dependence was 21% lower (adjusted RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-094). These outcomes remained significantly better throughout the first year. CONCLUSION: CRT led to better outcomes in patients with severe IS in Brazil.

Photo-immobilization of proteins on carbons.

The photofunctionalization of three different carbons with two proteins was studied at room temperature. Water solutions of bovine serum albumin, BSA, and α-amylase, AA, were photolyzed at 21 °C in the presence of graphite microparticles (6.20 µm), MPG, graphene oxide, MPGO, and graphene oxide modified with SO2, mMPGO. The insertion of BSA on carbon matrixes occurred with a deoxygenation reaction, most likely due to a dehydration step of a water molecule. XPS, TOC and TGA, showed that the BSA photo-insertion on MPG was highly efficient with 34.9% of the weight of MPG after photolysis, with an initial concentration of 1 g∙L-1 of BSA. A high yield of AA photoinsertion on the carbons was also obtained. The calculated weight of AA inserted on MPG and MPGO after photolysis was 22.30% and 18.08%, respectively, with respect to the initial weight of carbon, when the initial concentration of AA was 60 mg∙L-1. AA immobilized on MPG was active while the enzyme on MPGO showed a smaller activity, within the experimental error. Although a certain extent of denaturalization of both proteins was observed during photolysis, the molecular weight and composition changed very little during the photolysis, which would produce mainly conformational changes and isomerization reactions.

Avaliação psicológica de pacientes após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva / Psychological evaluation of patients after discharge from the intensive care unit / Evaluación psicológica de pacientes después de la alta de la unidad de terapia intensiva

A maioria dos pacientes sobrevive ao episódio de doença crítica, contudo, muitos deles podem desenvolver alterações psicológicas após a alta da UTI. Dada a natureza dos cuidados intensivos e as condições clínicas da maioria dos pacientes esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever os resultados da avaliação psicológica de pacientes três meses após a alta dos cuidados críticos. Foram avaliados 160 pacientes, destes 137 conseguiram responder à avaliação psicológica e os demais não foram avaliados em decorrência de algum comprometimento neurológico. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: planilha para coleta de dados do prontuário, instrumento de avaliação de memórias de UTI, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) e Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Os resultados revelaram que a identificação precoce das complicações inerentes ao tratamento crítico poderá trazer benefícios para a prevenção de alterações emocionais/físicas crônicas subsequentes

Most patients survive the critical illness episode, however, many of them may develop psychological changes after discharge from the ICU. Given the nature of intensive care and the clinical conditions of most patients this study aims to describe the results of the psychological evaluation of patients three months after discharge from critical care. 160 patients were evaluated, of these 137 were able to respond to psychological assessment and the rest were not evaluated due to some neurological impairment. The instruments used were: Worksheet for collecting data from the medical record, ICU memory evaluation tool, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results revealed that the early identification of the complications inherent to the critical treatment may bring benefits to the prevention of subsequent chronic emotional / physical changes

La mayoría de los pacientes sobrevive al episodio de enfermedad crítica, sin embargo, muchos de ellos pueden desarrollar alteraciones psicológicas después del alta de la UCI. Dada la naturaleza de los cuidados intensivos y las condiciones clínicas de la mayoría de los pacientes esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir los resultados de la evaluación psicológica de pacientes tres meses después del alta de los cuidados críticos. Se evaluaron 160 pacientes, de estos 137 pudieron responder a la evaluación psicológica y el resto no se evaluó debido a algún deterioro neurológico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Planilla para la recolección de datos del prontuario, instrumento de evaluación de memorias de UTI, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) y Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS). Los resultados revelaron que la identificación precoz de las complicaciones inherentes al tratamiento crítico puede traer beneficios para la prevención de alteraciones emocionales / físicas crónicas subsiguientes

Dor crônica sob a ótica comportamental: compreensão e possibilidades de intervenção / Chronic pain under behavioral optics: understanding and intervention possibilities / Dolor crónica bajo la óptica comportamental: comprensión y posibilidades de intervención

A média da população brasileira que se queixa ou sofre de dor crônica é ampla e tem-se caracterizado em um grande desafio para as ciências da saúde. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise conceitual a respeito da compreensão da dor crônica sob a perspectiva comportamental, abordando técnicas de intervenção psicológicas utilizadas para o manejo da dor. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca na literatura por meio de artigos e livros, que relatam a aplicabilidade das teorias comportamentais no tratamento da dor crônica e alguns estudos científicos que corroboram a eficácia dessa teoria para o manejo da dor. A partir da literatura encontrada, conclui-se que as teorias comportamentais contribuem para o entendimento e tratamento da dor crônica, tendo em vista que contingências ambientais podem ter um papel de destaque no início, na gravidade e na manutenção da dor. Acredita-se, portanto, que esses achados possam ser de grande valia para os profissionais contribuindo com melhores práticas no âmbito da saúde.

The average Brazilian population which suffers or complaints about chronic pain is wide and is a major challenge to medicine and psychology. The purpose of this work is to perform a conceptual analysis on the understanding of the chronic pain from a behavioral perspective, addressing techniques of psychological intervention used for pain management. Therefore, a literature search was executed through articles and books, which relate the applicability of behavioral theories in the treatment of chronic pain, and some scientific studies that corroborate for the effectiveness of this theory for pain management. From the literature found, we conclude that behavioral norms contribute to the understanding of chronic pain, regarding environmental problems and thoughts may play an important role in the origin, severity, and management of pain. We, therefore, believe that these conclusions may be of great utility for professionals, contributing to best practices in the health scope.

La media de la población brasileña que se queja o sufre de dolor crónico es amplia y se ha caracterizado en un gran desafío a la medicina ya la psicología. Por lo tanto el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis conceptual acerca de la comprensión del dolor crónico bajo la perspectiva comportamental, abordando técnicas de intervención psicológicas utilizadas para el manejo del dolor. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura por medio de artículos y libros, que relatan la aplicabilidad de las teorías comportamentales en el tratamiento del dolor crónico y algunos estudios científicos que corroboran la eficacia de esta teoría para el manejo del dolor. A partir de la literatura encontrada, se concluye que a las teorías comportamentales contribuyen para el entendimiento del dolor crónico teniendo en vista que contingencias ambientales y pensamientos pueden tener un papel destacado al inicio, en la gravedad, y en el mantenimiento del dolor. Se cree, por lo tanto, que estos hallazgos pueden ser de gran valor para los profesionales contribuyendo con mejores prácticas en el ámbito de la salud.

C-shaped canals in first and second mandibular molars from Brazilian individuals: A prevalence study using cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to evaluate, through in vivo tomographic analysis, the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular first and second molars of Brazilian individuals, analyzing its frequency by thirds of the roots, and in contralateral teeth. METHODS: Images of 801 mandibular molars (379 first molars and 422 second molars) from 334 Brazilian individuals (142 men and 192 women) were identified through 1544 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams, obtained from a private oral radiologic clinic. The cross-sectional configurations were analyzed to determine the frequency of C-shaped canals at three different axial levels and classified in categories by three experienced endodontists independently. RESULTS: The incidence of C-shaped canals was 181 (23%). Considering the type of tooth, 91 (24.01%) were identified in the first molars, and 90 (21.32%) were found in the second molars. The incidence was significantly higher in female individuals (P < 0.05) for both first and second molars. The most common C-shaped canal configurations were: C1 (89.01% for first molars and 90% second molars), followed by C2 (8.79% for first molars and 6.66% for second molars) and C4 (2.19% for the first molars and 3.33% for the second molars). Bilateral C-shaped canals were significantly higher than unilateral for both first and second molars (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular molars of the Brazilian individuals was higher than previously reported for both mandibular first (24.01%) and second molars (21.32%). The incidence was significantly higher in female individuals and the coronal portion of the roots. The classic C-shaped format "C1" was the most frequent anatomical configuration. Furthermore, the prevalence of bilateral C-shaped canals was higher for the first molar (61.70%) and lower for the second molar (38.29%).

Effects of sprouted and fermented quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) on glycemic index of diet and biochemical parameters of blood of Wistar rats fed high carbohydrate diet.

Sprouted and fermented foods have shown hypoglycemic effects on humans and animals, by reducing concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, and increasing dietary fiber and resistant starch content. In this study, diets with high levels of simple carbohydrates supplemented with toasted quinoa flour, sprouted and toasted quinoa flour, fermented and toasted quinoa flour or sprouted/fermented and toasted quinoa flour were given to Wistar rats. During the experiment, the glycemic index (GI) of the diets were measure and, at the end of 47 days of feeding, the effects of the diets on physical and biochemical parameters of the animals were evaluated. Results indicated that the processes of sprouting and/or fermentation potentiate the ability of quinoa to reduce GI of diets with high levels of simple carbohydrates. Moreover, food intake, blood glucose and lipid levels, and accumulation of epididymal adipose tissue were reduced in rats fed diets supplemented with quinoa. These effects may be due to the nutritional composition of the supplemented diets, besides the chemical changes promoted by processing quinoa. These results are particularly relevant once sprouted and fermented quinoa could be an alimentary source of interest, especially for disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.

Recall Rates of Patients in Endodontic Treatments: A Critical Review.

The number of patients that return for recall appointments has great importance to validate endodontic treatment outcomes. The purpose of this review was to investigate the rate of return on recall and the main factors that influence this rate of return. A literature review was performed in the PubMed database for the years from 1978 to 2017, using the following keywords: recall rate, endodontic treatment, endodontic retreatment, apical surgery. The inclusion criteria were: prospective studies in English, and in vivo research with humans, which included patient return rates. A total of 35 studies that fulfilled the established criteria were selected. The percentage of patients who returned on recall was 56%. More female patients (60%) attended the recall appointments than male (40%). The three main reasons for not returning were: patients did not observe the follow-up appointment (490), not returning due to a lack of interest (99) and changing their address (222). The age of the patients attending the appointments varied from 28.6 to 62 years old, with the highest percentage of patients that returned ranging from 40 to 52.5 years old. According to the literature the optimal rate of return for follow-up treatment should be greater than 80%, for the validity of the research. However, the reality presented in the studies is far from ideal. Many studies do not even mention these rates of return in their methodologies or in their results, which may mask the true treatment success rates.

Monitoring of coagulation by intraoperative thromboelastometry of liver transplantation in a patient using warfarin - case report / Monitoração da coagulação pela tromboelastometria no intraoperatório de transplante hepático em um paciente usando varfarina - relato de caso

Abstract Introduction: Advanced hepatic disease may - in addition to the widely recognized hemorrhagic complications - occur with thrombotic events. We describe the case of a cirrhotic patient taking warfarin and whose coagulation management during liver transplantation was guided by thromboelastometry (ROTEM®). Case report: A 56 year-old male patient diagnosed with alcohol cirrhosis using warfarin (2.5 mg.day−1) for partial portal vein thrombosis with the International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.14. At the beginning of surgery, the ROTEM® parameters were all normal. In the anhepatic phase, EXTEM and INTEM remained normal, but FIBTEM showed reduction of amplitude after 10 min and maximum clot firmness. Finally, in the neohepatic phase, there was a slight alteration in the hypocoagulability of most of the parameters of the EXTEM, INTEM and FIBTEM, besides a notable correction of the Coagulation Time (CT) in HEPTEM compared to the CT of the INTEM. Therefore, the patient did not receive any transfusion of blood products during surgery and in the postoperative period, being discharged on the 8th postoperative day. Discussion: Coagulation deficit resulting from cirrhosis distorts INR as a parameter of anticoagulation adequacy and as a determinant of the need for blood transfusion. Thus, thromboelastometry can provide important information for patient management.

Resumo Introdução: A doença hepática avançada pode, além das complicações hemorrágicas amplamente reconhecidas, ocorrer com eventos trombóticos. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente cirrótico em uso de varfarina, cujo manejo da coagulação durante o transplante de fígado foi guiado por tromboelastometria (ROTEM®). Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, diagnosticado com cirrose alcoólica, recebendo varfarina (2,5 mg.dia−1) para trombose parcial da veia porta, com razão normalizada internacional (INR) de 2,14. No início da cirurgia, os parâmetros ROTEM® estavam todos normais. Na fase não hepática, EXTEM e INTEM permaneceram normais, mas FIBTEM mostrou redução da amplitude após 10 min e firmeza máxima do coágulo. Por fim, na fase neo-hepática houve uma ligeira alteração da hipocoagulabilidade na maioria dos parâmetros de EXTEM, INTEM e FIBTEM, além de uma correção notável do tempo de coagulação (CT) de HEPTEM em comparação com o CT de INTEM. Portanto, o paciente não recebeu transfusão de hemoderivados durante a cirurgia e no período pós-operatório, obteve alta no oitavo dia de pós-operatório. Discussão: O déficit de coagulação resultante da cirrose distorce o INR como um parâmetro da adequação da anticoagulação e como um determinante da necessidade de transfusão de sangue. Portanto, a tromboelastometria pode fornecer informações importantes para o manejo do paciente.

[Monitoring of coagulation by intraoperative thromboelastometry of liver transplantation in a patient using warfarin - case report]. / Monitoração da coagulação pela tromboelastometria no intraoperatório de transplante hepático em um paciente usando varfarina ­ relato de caso.

INTRODUCTION: Advanced hepatic disease may - in addition to the widely recognized hemorrhagic complications - occur with thrombotic events. We describe the case of a cirrhotic patient taking warfarin and whose coagulation management during liver transplantation was guided by thromboelastometry (ROTEM®). CASE REPORT: A 56 year-old male patient diagnosed with alcohol cirrhosis using warfarin (2.5mg.day-1) for partial portal vein thrombosis with the International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.14. At the beginning of surgery, the ROTEM® parameters were all normal. In the anhepatic phase, EXTEM and INTEM remained normal, but FIBTEM showed reduction of amplitude after 10min and maximum clot firmness. Finally, in the neohepatic phase, there was a slight alteration in the hypocoagulability of most of the parameters of the EXTEM, INTEM and FIBTEM, besides a notable correction of the Coagulation Time (CT) in HEPTEM compared to the CT of the INTEM. Therefore, the patient did not receive any transfusion of blood products during surgery and in the postoperative period, being discharged on the 8th postoperative day. DISCUSSION: Coagulation deficit resulting from cirrhosis distorts INR as a parameter of anticoagulation adequacy and as a determinant of the need for blood transfusion. Thus, thromboelastometry can provide important information for patient management.

Comparative Expression of CD34, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, and Podoplanin and the Presence of Mast Cells in Periapical Granulomas, Cysts, and Residual Cysts.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to compare the immunoexpression of CD34, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and podoplanin and the presence of mast cells with clinical, demographic, radiologic, and histologic features from periapical granulomas, periapical cysts, and residual cysts. METHODS: Thirty-one lesions (5 granulomas, 15 periapical cysts, and 11 residual cysts) were selected. Histologic sections in silanized slides were used for the immunohistochemical reactions. The analysis of the images was performed by using an optical microscope, and data were analyzed with 5% significance (P < .05). RESULTS: Cysts presented atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium in 11 cases (35.5%) and 15 cases (48.8%), respectively (P > .05). The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was similar when comparing the 3 groups (P > .05). CD34 and podoplanin expression and the presence of mast cells were similar when comparing the 3 groups; ICAM-1 expression was more intense in granulomas than cysts (P < .05). There were no statistically significant differences associated with the expression of the evaluated markers according to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the expression of CD34 and podoplanin and in the presence of mast cells when the 3 groups were compared. ICAM-1 expression was more common in periapical granulomas.

Effect of passive smoking on auditory temporal resolution in children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of passive smoking on auditory temporal resolution in primary school children, based on the hypothesis that individuals who are exposed to smoking exhibit impaired performance. DESIGN: Auditory temporal resolution was evaluated using the Gaps In Noise (GIN) test. Exposure to passive smoking was assessed by measuring nicotine metabolite (cotinine) excreted in the first urine of the day. STUDY SAMPLE: The study included 90 children with mean age of 10.2 ± 0.1 years old from a public school in São Paulo. Participants were divided into two groups: a study group, comprising 45 children exposed to passive smoking (cotinine > 5 ng/mL); and a control group, constituting 45 children who were not exposed to passive smoking. All participants had normal audiometry and immittance test results. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.005) in performance on the GIN test were found between the two groups, with mean thresholds of 5.3 ms and 68.9% correct responses in the study group versus 4.6 ms and 74.0% in the control group. CONCLUSION: The children exposed to passive smoking had poorer performance both in terms of thresholds and correct responses percentage on auditory temporal resolution assessment.

Qualificação como Médico Preceptor e a Satisfação de Seus Clientes quanto à Assistência Recebida na UBS de Origem / Qualifications for Medical Preceptors and User Satisfaction Regarding Care Received in their Basic Health Unit (BHU) of Origin

RESUMO Conclusão As diretrizes curriculares propõem um perfil desejado para o médico formado, adequando o currículo às necessidades da população, com abordagem integral do indivíduo. Os profissionais da área da saúde frequentemente participam da integração ensino-serviço como preceptores. O curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, em 2001, reformulou seu currículo para uma abordagem ampliada de cenários de aprendizagem, levando seus estudantes também para o ambiente em que residem seus clientes e trabalhando com a perspectiva de promover saúde. Em 2004, teve início a disciplina Atenção Integral à Saúde, em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas (SP), para que médicos das áreas de Pediatria, Clínica Médica e Ginecologia que atuam em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) utilizassem quatro horas de sua carga horária para supervisão de estudantes no sétimo e oitavo semestres do curso de Medicina, em conjunto com docentes da universidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a satisfação do cliente atendido na UBS por médicos que atuam como preceptores e conhecer se estes profissionais relacionam a preceptoria com sua qualificação. De 22 preceptores, 20 aceitaram responder a uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre como se atualizam para a supervisão dos estudantes do quarto ano de Medicina da Unicamp e se, por estarem vinculados à universidade, passam por educação médica permanente, refletindo-se em um atendimento integral a seus clientes, sendo a preceptoria um instrumento para qualificar sua atuação profissional. Seus clientes foram entrevistados com um questionário fechado utilizando Smilles (emotions) para classificar o preceptor nos itens: qualidade do atendimento médico, valorização da queixa, tempo da consulta, resolutividade da consulta, confiança e aderência à orientação, e percepção geral sobre o atendimento médico. Mais de 90% dos clientes atendidos pelos preceptores apresentam satisfação quanto à assistência recebida e 80% dos médicos entrevistados relacionam a preceptoria como um instrumento para qualificar sua atividade profissional.

ABSTRACT Conclusion Medical curricula guidelines outline the desired profile for graduate physicians, adapting to the needs of the population by means of an integrated approach to the individual. Healthcare professionals often participate in initiatives integrating teaching and service as preceptors. In 2001, Unicamp Medical School reformulated its curriculum to adopt an extended approach to learning scenarios, taking their students into the environment in which their users reside and working in the aim of promoting health. In 2004, the discipline entitled “Comprehensive Healthcare” was introduced in partnership with the municipality of Campinas (SP), in order that physicians in the field of pediatrics, general practice, and gynecology working in basic healthcare units (BHU) could use four of their scheduled hours to supervise students in the seventh and eighth semesters of medical school completing preceptorships, in a joint initiative with university professors. The objective of this study was to assess the satisfaction of users served in BHUs by physicians acting as preceptors and to determine if the professionals linked the preceptorship to their qualifying as professionals. Of a total of 22 preceptors, 20 submitted to a semi-structured interview, with one of the questions asking if the preceptorship helped conceptualize the service offered to the users in the BHUs in which they were acting as physicians. Users were interviewed by means of a close-ended questionnaire using emoticons to classify the preceptor on factors including quality of medical care, appreciation of the complaint made, duration of the consultation, resolution rate, trust and adherence to orientation, and general perception of the care received. Over 90% of users rated the care positively, with 80% of the physicians interviewed regarding the preceptorship as contributing to their qualifying as professionals.