RESUMO
O descarte de medicamento feito pela população é um tema que vem sendo cada vez mais discutido, Há uma crescente preocupação, pois a grande maioria da população não tem o conhecimento das consequências ambientais e nem das consequências à saúde pública que o descarte incorreto de medicamentos pode causar, Surgem ao redor do país, algumas iniciativas privativas e isoladas apresentando soluções à problemática, oferecendo à população estrutura para o descarte correto e informação sobre o tema, Por ainda não haver uma legislação nacional efetiva sobre o assunto, os estados lançam leis, regulamentando a problemática em seus territórios, No Ceará, foi sancionada em 2012 a lei no 15.192, obrigando às farmácias, drogarias e distribuidoras de medicamentos a recolherem os medicamentos da população, porém, devido à realidade local, não está sendo totalmente cumprida, Com a intensificação de discussões sobre as iniciativas particulares e as legislações locais, com o envolvimento de vários setores da sociedade e com a troca de experiências de programas em funcionamento, torna-se possível impulsionar projetos em locais onde a população ainda não tem oportunidade de dar a destinação correta aos medicamentos em desuso, Esse artigo traz à discussão a ocorrência de resíduos de medicamentos no meio ambiente, aspectos relacionados aos avanços na legislação brasileira quanto ao manejo de resíduos de medicamentos, às propostas de implantação de programas de recolhimento de medicamentos no país e alguns de seus desafios...
Drug disposal by the population is an important issue that has been widely discussed. There is a growing concern, because the vast majority of the population has no awareness on the environmental and public health consequences related to incorrect disposal of drugs. Some isolated initiatives arise around the country presenting solutions to the problem, and offering structure and information for proper disposal. There is still no effective national legislation in Brazil on the subject hence states launch laws regulating the problem in their own territory. In the state of Ceará the law 15192 was enacted in 2012 forcing pharmacies, drugstores and drug distributors to collect the populations disposed drug, but due to local conditions, has not yet been fully met. With the intensification of discussions about particular initiatives and local laws, with the involvement of various segments of society and the exchange of experiences of running programs, it is possible to boost projects in areas where the population has no opportunity to give the correct destination for unused medicines. This article brings to the discussion the occurrence of drug waste in the environment, issues related to advances in Brazilian legislation regarding management of drug waste, proposals for implantation of drug collecting programs in the country and some of its challenges...
Assuntos
Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Coleta de Resíduos Sólidos , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Gerenciamento de ResíduosRESUMO
Linezolid (LNZ) is one of the first commercially available (and most widely used) oxazolidinone antibiotics. This study describes the development and validation of a microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, for the determination of the antibiotic linezolid, as well as the evaluation of the ability of the method in determining the stability of linezolid in tablets. The validation method yielded good results and included linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and selectivity. The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of LNZ upon the strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372 used as the test microorganism. The results of the assay were treated statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were found to be linear (r(2)=0.9998) in the range of 20-80 microg mL(-1), precise (inter-assay: R.S.D.=0.61) and accurate (R.S.D.=1.7). The method developed and validated proved to be indicative of stability and capable of determining the decay of linezolid in the presence of photodegradation products. Comparison of bioassay and liquid chromatography by ANOVA showed no significant difference between methodologies. The results demonstrated the validity of the proposed bioassay, which is a simple and useful alternative methodology for LNZ determination in routine quality control.
Assuntos
Acetamidas/normas , Oxazolidinonas/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Ágar , Anti-Infecciosos , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Linezolida , Métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Fotólise , Comprimidos/normasRESUMO
A sensitive, precise, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of gatifloxacin (GATX) in raw material and tablets. The method validation parameters yielded good results and included the range, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and recovery. It was also found that the excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay. The HPLC separation was carried out by reversed-phase chromatography on a C18 absorbosphere column (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm particle size) with a mobile phase composed of acetic acid 5%-acetonitrile-methanol (70 + 15 + 15, v/v/v) pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored at 287 nm. The calibration graph for GATX was linear from 4.0 to 14.0 microg/mL. The interday and intraday precisions (relative standard deviation) were less than 1.05%.
