Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to review the effects of ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on muscle hypertrophy and strength in rodents through a systematic review with meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scielo database on May 18, 2020. Thirty-four studies were included measuring total (mCSA) or mean muscle fibers cross-sectional area (fCSA) or maximum load-carrying capacity (MLCC) or muscle mass (MM). About the main results, LRT provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to increase mCSA and fCSA. Meta-analysis showed a significant overall effect on the fCSA (SMD 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 2.61], p < .00001, I2  = 85%); however, subgroup analysis showed that some muscle types might not be hypertrophied through the LRT. Meta-analysis showed a significant training effect on the MM (SMD 0.92, 95% CI [0.52, 1.32], p < .00001, I2  = 72%). Sub-group analysis revealed that soleus (SMD 1.32, 95% CI [0.11, 2.54], p = .03, I2  = 86%) and FHL (SMD 1.92, 95% CI [1.00, 2.85], p < .0001, I2  = 71%) presented significant training effects, despite moderate heterogeneity levels (I2  = 72%). MLCC increases considerably after a period of LRT, regardless of its duration and the characteristics of the protocols (SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p < .00001, I2  = 90%). Through these results, we reach the following conclusions: (a) LRT is efficient to induce muscle hypertrophy, although this effect varies between different types of skeletal muscles, and; (b) the ability of rodents to carry load increases regardless of the type and duration of the protocol used.

Candida isolates in tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil

Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that affects highrisk patients who are either immunocompromised or critically ill and is associated with almost 80% of all nosocomial fungal infections, representing the major cause of fungemia with high mortality rates (40%). Candida albicans is the main cause of candidemia and among the non-albicans species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis are the most frequent agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida species in two tertiary hospitals in Recife, Northeastern Brazil. It began by surveying all positive Candida cultures processed by the microbiology laboratory from September 2003 to September 2006. The cultures, originated from various types of biological material (blood, urine, tracheal, catheter and others), were processed by Vitec® system (Biomerieux SA, France). A total of 1.279 (hospital A: 837; hospital B: 442) sample isolates were positive for Candida. The most frequent species in both hospitals were: C. albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) and C. guillermondii (14). The isolates were obtained from 746 hospitalized patients. A total of 221 positive hemocultures were detected in 166 different patients in both hospitals, and 113 (68.1%) of these patients with positive hemocultures presented Candida in other body sites.This study shows thatCandida non-albicans was the main isolated agent and evidences the importante of C. tropicalis in nosocomial fungal infections.

Candida é um patógeno oportunista que afeta pacientes de alto risco que estão também imunocomprometidos ou criticamente doentes, estando associada a quase 80% de todos os casos de infecções fúngicas nosocomiais, representando a maior causa de fungemia com alta taxa de mortalidade (40%). Candida albicans é a principal causa de candidemia e dentre as espécies não-albicans a C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis são os agentes mais frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição das espécies de Candida em dois hospitais terciários no Recife, nordeste do Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento de todas as culturas positivas para Candida processadas pelo laboratório de microbiologia de Setembro de 2003 a Setembro de 2006. Todas as culturas originadas de vários tipos de material biológico (sangue, urina, traquéia, catéter e outros) foram processadas pelo sistema Vitec® (Biomerrieux SA, France). Um total de 1.279 amostras (hospital A:837; hospital B: 442) foram positivas para Candida. As espécies mais frequentes em ambos os hospitais foram: C.albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) e C. guillermondii (14). Os isolados foram obtidos de 746 pacientes hospitalizados. Um total de 221 hemoculturas positivas foram detectadas em 166 diferentes pacientes em ambos os hospitais, e 113 (68,1%) destes pacientes com hemoculturas positivas apresentavam Candida em outros locais do corpo. Este estudo mostrou que Candida não-albicans foi o principal agente isolado e prova a importância da C. tropicalis em infecções fúngicas nosocomiais.

Candida isolates in tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil / Isolados de Candida em hospital terciário no nordeste do Brasil

Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that affects highrisk patients who are either immunocompromised or critically ill and is associated with almost 80 percent of all nosocomial fungal infections, representing the major cause of fungemia with high mortality rates (40 percent). Candida albicans is the main cause of candidemia and among the non-albicans species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis are the most frequent agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida species in two tertiary hospitals in Recife, Northeastern Brazil. It began by surveying all positive Candida cultures processed by the microbiology laboratory from September 2003 to September 2006. The cultures, originated from various types of biological material (blood, urine, tracheal, catheter and others), were processed by Vitec® system (Biomerieux SA, France). A total of 1.279 (hospital A: 837; hospital B: 442) sample isolates were positive for Candida. The most frequent species in both hospitals were: C. albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) and C. guillermondii (14). The isolates were obtained from 746 hospitalized patients. A total of 221 positive hemocultures were detected in 166 different patients in both hospitals, and 113 (68.1%) of these patients with positive hemocultures presented Candida in other body sites.This study shows thatCandida non-albicans was the main isolated agent and evidences the importante of C. tropicalis in nosocomial fungal infections.

Candida é um patógeno oportunista que afeta pacientes de alto risco que estão também imunocomprometidos ou criticamente doentes, estando associada a quase 80% de todos os casos de infecções fúngicas nosocomiais, representando a maior causa de fungemia com alta taxa de mortalidade (40%). Candida albicans é a principal causa de candidemia e dentre as espécies não-albicans a C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis são os agentes mais frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição das espécies de Candida em dois hospitais terciários no Recife, nordeste do Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento de todas as culturas positivas para Candida processadas pelo laboratório de microbiologia de Setembro de 2003 a Setembro de 2006. Todas as culturas originadas de vários tipos de material biológico (sangue, urina, traquéia, catéter e outros) foram processadas pelo sistema Vitec® (Biomerrieux SA, France). Um total de 1.279 amostras (hospital A:837; hospital B: 442) foram positivas para Candida. As espécies mais frequentes em ambos os hospitais foram: C.albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) e C. guillermondii (14). Os isolados foram obtidos de 746 pacientes hospitalizados. Um total de 221 hemoculturas positivas foram detectadas em 166 diferentes pacientes em ambos os hospitais, e 113 (68,1%) destes pacientes com hemoculturas positivas apresentavam Candida em outros locais do corpo. Este estudo mostrou que Candida não-albicans foi o principal agente isolado e prova a importância da C. tropicalis em infecções fúngicas nosocomiais.

Candida isolates in tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil.

Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that affects high-risk patients who are either immunocompromised or critically ill and is associated with almost 80% of all nosocomial fungal infections, representing the major cause of fungemia with high mortality rates (40%). Candida albicans is the main cause of candidemia and among the non-albicans species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis are the most frequent agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida species in two tertiary hospitals in Recife, Northeastern Brazil. It began by surveying all positive Candida cultures processed by the microbiology laboratory from September 2003 to September 2006. The cultures, originated from various types of biological material (blood, urine, tracheal, catheter and others), were processed by Vitec (®) system (Biomerieux SA, France). A total of 1.279 (hospital A: 837; hospital B: 442) sample isolates were positive for Candida. The most frequent species in both hospitals were: C. albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) and C. guillermondii (14). The isolates were obtained from 746 hospitalized patients. A total of 221 positive hemocultures were detected in 166 different patients in both hospitals, and 113 (68.1%) of these patients with positive hemocultures presented Candida in other body sites. This study shows that Candida non-albicans was the main isolated agent and evidences the importante of C. tropicalis in nosocomial fungal infections.

Candida isolates in tertiary hospitals in northeastern Brazil

Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that affects highrisk patients who are either immunocompromised or critically ill and is associated with almost 80% of all nosocomial fungal infections, representing the major cause of fungemia with high mortality rates (40%). Candida albicans is the main cause of candidemia and among the non-albicans species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis are the most frequent agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Candida species in two tertiary hospitals in Recife, Northeastern Brazil. It began by surveying all positive Candida cultures processed by the microbiology laboratory from September 2003 to September 2006. The cultures, originated from various types of biological material (blood, urine, tracheal, catheter and others), were processed by Vitec® system (Biomerieux SA, France). A total of 1.279 (hospital A: 837; hospital B: 442) sample isolates were positive for Candida. The most frequent species in both hospitals were: C. albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) and C. guillermondii (14). The isolates were obtained from 746 hospitalized patients. A total of 221 positive hemocultures were detected in 166 different patients in both hospitals, and 113 (68.1%) of these patients with positive hemocultures presented Candida in other body sites.This study shows thatCandida non-albicans was the main isolated agent and evidences the importante of C. tropicalis in nosocomial fungal infections.

Candida é um patógeno oportunista que afeta pacientes de alto risco que estão também imunocomprometidos ou criticamente doentes, estando associada a quase 80% de todos os casos de infecções fúngicas nosocomiais, representando a maior causa de fungemia com alta taxa de mortalidade (40%). Candida albicans é a principal causa de candidemia e dentre as espécies não-albicans a C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis são os agentes mais frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição das espécies de Candida em dois hospitais terciários no Recife, nordeste do Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento de todas as culturas positivas para Candida processadas pelo laboratório de microbiologia de Setembro de 2003 a Setembro de 2006. Todas as culturas originadas de vários tipos de material biológico (sangue, urina, traquéia, catéter e outros) foram processadas pelo sistema Vitec® (Biomerrieux SA, France). Um total de 1.279 amostras (hospital A:837; hospital B: 442) foram positivas para Candida. As espécies mais frequentes em ambos os hospitais foram: C.albicans (367), C. tropicalis (363), C. parapsilosis (147), C. glabrata (81), C. krusei (30) e C. guillermondii (14). Os isolados foram obtidos de 746 pacientes hospitalizados. Um total de 221 hemoculturas positivas foram detectadas em 166 diferentes pacientes em ambos os hospitais, e 113 (68,1%) destes pacientes com hemoculturas positivas apresentavam Candida em outros locais do corpo. Este estudo mostrou que Candida não-albicans foi o principal agente isolado e prova a importância da C. tropicalis em infecções fúngicas nosocomiais.

Water buffaloes productive system in the sugar-cane zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Diagnostic and characterization / Sistemas Produtivos de Búfalos na zona canavieira de Pernambuco, caracterização e diagnóstico

This paper reports the results of the characterization of the buffalo rearing system in the Zona da Mata of the Pernambuco State, Brazil. For data gathering the Northeastern buffalos raisers society (SNC), professional workers, other farmers and also people from the Pernambuco Sugar-Cane Growers Association (AFCP) were contacted by means of interviews and visits to the production system. The buffalo production system came to the area in a planed way by farmers at the first half of the 70s and expanded to today. The herd is composed of Murrrah, Jafarabadi and Mediterranean species although the mestizos are prevailing. However, it is still quite deficient of technologies despite an apparent integration of the buffalos system with the sugar cane industry. Measures to prevent main diseases like vaccinations are not adequately implemented. Extensive system directed to produce meat and milk as well as to handmade dairy products is predominant in the region. On the other hand the buffalo system has taken an important hole in the economic re-ordination of the Zona da Mata sugar cane monoculture diversification using areas not adequate for the sugar crop and contributing the regions livestock sustainable development.

O objetivo da condução deste trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico da bubalinocultura na Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco, nos aspectos sociais e tecnológicos. Para a coleta dos dados, primeiramente foram realizados contatos com a Sociedade Nordestina de Criadores (SNC), profissionais que atuam na área, agropecuaristas que atuam na região e com a Associação de Fornecedores de Cana de Pernambuco (AFCP), por meio de entrevistas informais e visitas às propriedades. Foram aplicados questionários para caracterização formal dos sistemas produtivos. A implantação da bubalinocultura na região se deu de forma planejada, iniciando-se na primeira metade da década de 70, estando em expansão. O rebanho é formado pelas raças Murrrah, Jafarabadi e Mediterrânea, prevalecendo os mestiços entre as três raças. Observou-se deficiência no manejo geral do rebanho, expressada pela baixa absorção de tecnologias, apesar de haver integração da bubalinocultura com a indústria sucroalcooleira. Observou-se deficiência na prevenção das principais doenças que acometem os bubalinos, evidenciado pelos baixos índices de uso de vacinação. Predominam sistemas extensivos de produção para carne e leite, neste caso com baixa produtividade diária, assim como, lacticínios artesanais. Também, observou-se concentração da terra entre poucos proprietários. A bubalinocultura tem participado do processo de reordenação eco

Water buffaloes productive system in the sugar-cane zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Diagnostic and characterization / Sistemas Produtivos de Búfalos na zona canavieira de Pernambuco, caracterização e diagnóstico

This paper reports the results of the characterization of the buffalo rearing system in the Zona da Mata of the Pernambuco State, Brazil. For data gathering the Northeastern buffalos raisers society (SNC), professional workers, other farmers and also people from the Pernambuco Sugar-Cane Growers Association (AFCP) were contacted by means of interviews and visits to the production system. The buffalo production system came to the area in a planed way by farmers at the first half of the 70s and expanded to today. The herd is composed of Murrrah, Jafarabadi and Mediterranean species although the mestizos are prevailing. However, it is still quite deficient of technologies despite an apparent integration of the buffalos system with the sugar cane industry. Measures to prevent main diseases like vaccinations are not adequately implemented. Extensive system directed to produce meat and milk as well as to handmade dairy products is predominant in the region. On the other hand the buffalo system has taken an important hole in the economic re-ordination of the Zona da Mata sugar cane monoculture diversification using areas not adequate for the sugar crop and contributing the regions livestock sustainable development.

O objetivo da condução deste trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico da bubalinocultura na Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco, nos aspectos sociais e tecnológicos. Para a coleta dos dados, primeiramente foram realizados contatos com a Sociedade Nordestina de Criadores (SNC), profissionais que atuam na área, agropecuaristas que atuam na região e com a Associação de Fornecedores de Cana de Pernambuco (AFCP), por meio de entrevistas informais e visitas às propriedades. Foram aplicados questionários para caracterização formal dos sistemas produtivos. A implantação da bubalinocultura na região se deu de forma planejada, iniciando-se na primeira metade da década de 70, estando em expansão. O rebanho é formado pelas raças Murrrah, Jafarabadi e Mediterrânea, prevalecendo os mestiços entre as três raças. Observou-se deficiência no manejo geral do rebanho, expressada pela baixa absorção de tecnologias, apesar de haver integração da bubalinocultura com a indústria sucroalcooleira. Observou-se deficiência na prevenção das principais doenças que acometem os bubalinos, evidenciado pelos baixos índices de uso de vacinação. Predominam sistemas extensivos de produção para carne e leite, neste caso com baixa produtividade diária, assim como, lacticínios artesanais. Também, observou-se concentração da terra entre poucos proprietários. A bubalinocultura tem participado do processo de reordenação eco