Urban capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) (Primates, Cebidae) as environmental bioindicators of leishmaniasis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Leishmania sp. DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in free-ranging Sapajus nigritus from an urban forest located in a city in the North Central region of the state of Paraná. For the indirect diagnosis, the direct agglutination test was used with promastigote forms of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, where it was possible to detect the agglutination reaction in 53.33% of the S. nigritus blood samples. For direct diagnosis, the samples were submitted to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which confirmed the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in 26.66% of the tested samples. It reinforces the importance of considering the concept of One Health in the face of diseases with high prevalence, such as leishmaniasis and the need for health education measures. This result shows that the animals in the present study have a role as environmental bioindicators for leishmaniasis.

Urban Horses As Environmental Bioindicators for Leishmaniasis.

The presence of DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in the serum of 112 healthy horses was investigated by evaluating the physical examination, from a rural society located in the north central region of Paraná. The antigens of Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania infantum were used to perform the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, where it was possible to detect the reaction in 27.67% of the samples. These were also subjected to the real-time quantitative PCR, which confirmed the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in 67.34% of the tested samples. The results show that the tested animals were previously exposed to the protozoan. Thus, these animals can be considered environmental bioindicators of the presence of Leishmania spp. at the study site. The material used in this study (serum), although not ideal, proved to be effective and less invasive. Taking into account the importance of the disease, the absence of more in-depth information on the species, the high zootechnical value of these animals, and their strictly close contact with the urban area and the human species, it is essential that further studies are carried out to elucidate the epidemiological profile of them in the face of the disease, as well as the possibility of them acting not only as hosts but also as reservoirs.

Leptospirose e seu aspecto ocupacional - Revisão de literatura / Leptospirosis and its occupational aspect - Literature review / Leptospirosis y su aspecto laboral - Revisión de literatura

A leptospirose é uma das zoonoses mais difundidas do mundo, no Brasil a doença é endêmica em todas as unidades da federação e epidêmica, principalmente, em períodos chuvosos. Sua ocorrência está relacionada às precárias condições de infraestrutura sanitária e alta infestação de roedores infectados. As inundações propiciam a disseminação do agente causal no ambiente, facilitando a eclosão de surtos. Nesta revisão de literatura objetivou-se mostrar o âmbito profissional/ocupacional que é de grande relevância para a saúde pública, atingindo diferentes categorias profissionais como agricultores, pecuaristas, biólogos, trabalhadores de arrozais, trabalhadores de saneamento ambiental, médicos veterinários, técnicos de laboratório, manipuladores de produtos de origem animal entre outras. Neste contexto, a leptospirose firma-se como uma doença de grande importância social e econômica, por apresentar elevada ocorrência, em determinadas áreas, alto custo hospitalar para o tratamento e ausência ao trabalho, como também por sua mortalidade Desta forma, faz necessária a intervenção dos gestores de saúde para redução dos índices desta enfermidade.

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. In Brazil, the disease is endemic in all Brazilian states and epidemic especially in the rainy periods, whose proliferation becomes favorable as a consequence of some environmental factors. Its occurrence is related to the poor sanitary infrastructure conditions and high infestation of infected rodents. Floods favor the spread of the causal agent in the environment, facilitating the emergence of outbreaks. This literature review aimed at showing the professional/occupational area that is of greatest importance to public health, affecting different professional categories such as farmers, ranchers, biologists, rice picking workers, environmental sanitation workers, veterinarians, laboratory technicians, handlers of animal products, among others. In this context, leptospirosis is considered a disease of great social and economic importance, due to its high incidence in certain areas, high hospital costs and loss of working days, as well as its lethality. Thus, the intervention of health managers is necessary to reduce the rates of this disease.

La leptospirosis es una de las zoonosis más extendidas en el mundo, en Brasil la enfermedad es endémica en todos los estados brasileños y epidémica, especialmente en períodos de lluvia. Su aparición está relacionada a las precarias condiciones de infraestructura de salud y de alta infestación de roedores infectados. Las inundaciones favorecen la propagación del agente causal en el entorno, facilitando la aparición de brotes. En esta revisión de literatura destinada a mostrar el área profesional / ocupacional que es de gran importancia para la salud pública, alcanzando diversas categorías profesionales como agricultores, ganaderos, biólogos, trabajadores de arrozales, trabajadores de saneamiento ambiental, veterinarios, técnicos de laboratorio, manipuladores de productos de origen animal, entre otros. En este contexto, la leptospirosis se hace una enfermedad de gran importancia social y económica, debido a su alta incidencia en determinadas zonas, los altos costos hospitalarios y pérdida de días de trabajo, así como por su mortalidad. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario la intervención de los administradores de salud para reducción de las tasas de esta enfermedad.