Clostridium difficile Infection Leading to Intestinal Pneumatosis in a Patient with a Recent Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Local Recurrence: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causing pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare event, described mostly in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a 65-year-old female diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who underwent a duodenopancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy and adjuvant gemcitabine and capecitabine. Four months after the end of chemotherapy, she experienced abdominal pain and intermittent diarrhea which became aggravated within 6 months. CT scans revealed diffuse intestinal pneumatosis and recurrence of ductal adenocarcinoma. We hypothesize that local pancreatic cancer recurrence may lead to gastrointestinal dysmotility with consequent increased risk for CDI. The patient had almost complete resolution of PI during the CDI treatment, thus we believe that the CDI was directly responsible for PI in this case.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Oncologic Treatment Efficacy: A Practical Review of the Literature for Oncologists.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly used anti-acid drugs worldwide, including among cancer patients. However, drug-drug interactions between PPIs and other agents may lead to decreased drug absorption with possible reduced therapeutic benefit, or even increased toxicity. Unfortunately, only scarce data exist regarding the safety of concomitant PPI use with anti-cancer agents. We aim at reviewing current evidence on this possible interaction by dividing anti-cancer agents by class. Until further data is available, we encourage healthcare providers to limit unnecessary PPI overuse.

Antibiotics, cancer risk and oncologic treatment efficacy: a practical review of the literature.

Antibiotics have been extensively used to treat infectious diseases over the past century and have largely contributed to increased life expectancy over time. However, antibiotic use can impose profound and protracted changes to the diversity of the microbial ecosystem, affecting the composition of up to 30% of the bacterial species in the gut microbiome. By modifying human microbiota composition, antibiotics alter the action of several oncologic drugs, potentially leading to decreased efficacy and increased toxicities. Whether antibiotics interfere with cancer therapies or even increase the risk of cancer development has been under investigation, and no randomised trials have been conducted so far. The aim of the current review is to describe the possible effects of antibiotic therapies on different oncologic treatments, especially immunotherapies, and to explore the link between previous antibiotics use and the development of cancer.

Políticas públicas e cidadania LGBT em Mato Grosso: Uma década de avanços e retrocessos (2007-2017) / Public policies and LGBT citizenship in Mato Grosso: A decade of advances and setbacks (2007-2017) / Políticas públicas y ciudadanía LGBT en Mato Grosso: Una década de avances y retrocesos (2007-2017)

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise descritiva das políticas públicas destinadas para as populações LGBT no Estado do Mato Grosso, do ano de 2007 - quando tivemos a criação do Centro de Referência LGBT, primeira política destinada a esse grupo social - aos tempos atuais, em um momento de avanço do conservadorismo social e de retrocessos nas agendas governamentais. Tal análise foi realizada a partir de um amplo levantamento bibliográfico e documental, sistematizando produções acadêmicas de referência, e levantando dados de fontes primárias, sobretudo documentos governamentais e notícias veiculadas em portais virtuais. Buscamos também trazer um panorama geral do cenário político-social de Mato Grosso, relacionando-o com a atuação dos movimentos LGBT. Damos destaque para seis pontos de análise mais detalhada: (1) "Centro de Referência LGBT", (2) "políticas de educação", (3) "políticas de segurança pública", (4) "políticas de saúde", (5) "conferências e conselhos LGBT", e (6) "poder legislativo".

Abstract: This article aims to present a descriptive analysis of public policies for LGBT populations in the State of Mato Grosso, from 2007 - when LGBT Reference Center was created as the first policy aimed at this social group - to the actual moment of social conservatism and setbacks in government agendas. This analysis was carried out based on a large bibliographical and documentary survey, systematizing academic productions of reference, and raising data from primary sources, mainly governmental documents and news published in virtual portals. We also seek to provide an overview of Mato Grosso's political-social scenario, relating it to the action of LGBT movements. We highlight six points of more detailed analysis: (1) "LGBT Reference Center", (2) "education policies", (3) "public security policies", (4) "health policies", (5) "LGBT conferences and council", and (6) "legislative power".

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis descriptivo de las políticas públicas destinadas a las poblaciones LGBT en el Estado de Mato Grosso, desde el año 2007 - cuando tuvimos la creación del Centro de Referencia LGBT, primera política destinada a ese grupo social - hasta los tiempos actuales, en un momento de avance del conservadurismo social y de retrocesos en las agendas gubernamentales. Este análisis fue realizado a partir de un amplio levantamiento bibliográfico y documental, sistematizando producciones académicas de referencia, y levantando datos de fuentes primarias, sobre todo documentos gubernamentales y noticias vehiculadas en portales virtuales. Buscamos también traer un panorama general del escenario político-social de Mato Grosso, relacionándolo con la actuación de los movimientos LGBT. Damos destaque a seis puntos de análisis más detallados: (1) "Centro de Referencia LGBT" (2) "políticas de educación" (3) "políticas de seguridad pública" (4) "políticas de salud", (5) " conferencias y concejos LGBT, y (6) "poder legislativo".

Antimalarial plants used by indigenous people of the Upper Rio Negro in Amazonas, Brazil.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against malaria by indigenous people in the Upper Rio Negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and ethnobotanical walks were conducted with 89 informants in five indigenous communities between April 2010 and November 2013 to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants against malaria. We reviewed academic databases for papers published in scientific journals up to January 2014 in order to find works on ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and antimalarial activity of the species cited. RESULTS: Forty-six plant species belonging to 24 families are mentioned. Fabaceae (17.4%), Arecaceae (13.0%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.5%) account together for 36.9% of these species. Only seven plant species showed a relatively high consensus. Among the plant parts, barks (34.0%) and roots (28.0%) were the most widely used. Of the 46 species cited, 18 (39.1%) have already been studied for their antimalarial properties according to the literature, and 26 species (56.5%) have no laboratory essays on antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS: Local traditional knowledge of the use of antimalarials is still widespread in indigenous communities of the Upper Rio Negro, where 46 plants species used against malaria were recorded. Our studies highlight promising new plants for future studies: Glycidendron amazonicum, Heteropsis tenuispadix, Monopteryx uaucu, Phenakospermum guianensis, Pouteria ucuqui, Sagotia brachysepala and notably Aspidosperma schultesii, Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Euterpe catinga, E. precatoria, Physalis angulata, Cocos nucifera and Swartzia argentea with high-use consensus. Experimental validation of these remedies may help in developing new drugs for malaria.

A construção social da "branquidade" em homossexuais masculinos do Brasil e da Argentina / La construcción social de la "blanquitud" de homosexuales masculinos de Brasil y Argentina / The social construction of whiteness among gay males in Brazil and Argentina

Este artigo visa desenvolver uma discussão a respeito da construção da "branquidade" entre homens homossexuais que vivem relações estáveis de conjugalidade com outros homens. A perspectiva adotada traz à tona elementos interseccionais de análise tais como gênero, cor/raça, nacionalidade, classe/camada social, grupo etário/geracional, pensados de maneira articulada e contextual. É nessa articulação que se produzem determinadas relações interpessoais, formas particulares de opressão e privilégio, formas contextuais de ser e estar no mundo, e, com isso, uma identidade, um sujeito específico e uma subjetividade particular. Este artigo é baseado em trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2006 e 2008 com homens com performance de gênero masculina pertencentes à camadas médias que viviam em situação de conjugalidade homossexual no Brasil e na Argentina.

Este artículo discute la construcción de la "blanquitud" entre varones homosexuales que viven relaciones estables de conyugalidad con otros hombres. La perspectiva adoptada conjuga elementos de un análisis interseccional, como género, raza, color, nacionalidad, clase, estrato social, grupo etario y geracional, pensados de manera articulada y contextual. En esa articulación se producem determinadas relaciones interpersonales, formas particulares de opresión y privilegio, formas contextuales de ser y estar en el mundo y, con ello, una identidad, un sujeto específico y una subjetividad particular. Este artículo se basa en trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2006 y 2008 con varones de performance de género masculina pertencientes a estratos medios que vivían en situación de conyugalidad homosexual en Brasil y Argentina.

This article discusses the construction of "whiteness" among gay men who live in stable conjugal relations with other men. This perspective brings elements of an intersectional analysis of gender, ethnicity, nationality, class, social status, age group and generation. It is in those contexts that particular relationships, forms of oppression and privilege, identities, subjects and subjectivities are produced. The findings presented in this article are based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2008 with middle class men with a male gender performance, living in a homosexual conjugal situation in Brazil and Argentina.

Do permanente e da mudança: representações sociais das homossexualidades no debate da Parceria Civil Registrada / Of the permanent and of the change: social representations of the homosexualities in the debate of the Registered Civil Partnership

Esse artigo se centra na análise das representações sociais sobre as homossexualidades, presentes nas falas dos deputados em torno da discussão desenvolvida na Câmara dos Deputados, quando da apresentação, em 1995, do projeto de Parceria Civil Registrada (PCR) da então deputada Marta Suplicy. Busca problematizar a importância do imaginário social para a discussão dos temas relacionados à sexualidade nas ciências sociais, mais especificamente na antropologia, e a força dos valores e dos conteúdos de longa duração que atuam nas representações sociais acerca das homossexualidades em nossa sociedade. (AU)

That article is centered in an analysis of the social representations about the present homosexualities in the deputies' speeches around the discussion developed in the Camera of the Deputies when of the presentation, in 1995, of the project of Registered Civil Partnership of the then deputed Marta Suplicy. Like this, we looked for to problematize the importance of the imaginary social for the discussion of the theme of the sexualities in the social sciences, more specifically in the anthropology. (AU)