Hearing and balance screening and referrals for Medicare patients: a national survey of primary care physicians.

Hearing and balance problems are prevalent among the elderly. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are important pivotal points of entry for ensuring that patients receive needed audiology services. New Medicare beneficiaries are entitled to one-time preventative examinations including hearing/balance screenings. A 35-item questionnaire was developed to assess physicians' participation in, knowledge about, and attitudes toward hearing/balance screenings and referrals for the elderly. The survey was mailed to 710 PCPs (19 undeliverable; 95 returned; response rate = 13.7%) in major metropolitan areas in the United States. Generally, these PCPs were not conducting hearing/balance screenings, aware of patient self-report screening questionnaires, or likely to screen in the future. They referred to audiologists and otolaryngologists mainly when patients complained of having hearing/balance difficulties, and they stated that these problems were important in the elderly and that the Medicare program was worthy of funding but that they had little time and were not reimbursed appropriately for screening. Therefore, PCPs could benefit from informational outreach campaigns on the prevalence of, negative HRQoL (health-related quality of life) effects from, and screening procedures for hearing/balance disorders in the elderly.

A national survey of pediatric otolaryngologists and early hearing detection and intervention programs.

Follow-up rates for babies identified for hearing loss from early hearing detection and intervention programs (EHDIPs) and newborn hearing screening programs (NHSPs) in the United States do not meet the goals posited by the Centers for Disease Control. Pediatric otolaryngologists (PED-ENTs) play a vital role in EHDIPs and can positively influence parents' compliance with professionals' recommendations for their babies. This national study used a 19-item questionnaire and postal survey to assess PED-ENTs' knowledge about, experience with, and attitudes toward NHSPs. Of 565 surveys mailed (36 were undeliverable), 233 were returned for a 44% response rate. Most of these PED-ENTs had adequate knowledge about, participated in, and expressed positive attitudes toward NHSPs; however, some could benefit from additional information about national EHDI benchmarks and poor follow-up rates. Audiologists should ally with PED-ENTs locally and nationally to strengthen EHDIPs and prevent loss of children with hearing impairment to follow-up.

A case study of an emerging community-based early hearing detection and intervention program: part II. Team building with otolaryngologists and pediatricians using a survey approach.

PURPOSE: Physicians are vital team members of early hearing detection and intervention programs (EHDIPs), particularly in encouraging parents to comply with recommendations for follow-up services for their infants in universal newborn hearing screening programs (UNHSPs). This study describes a survey approach to help audiologists partner with otolaryngologists and pediatricians in EHDIPs. METHOD: We developed and mailed a 19-item questionnaire to all 12 otolaryngologists and 66 pediatricians potentially involved in a community-based EHDIP. The questionnaire assessed respondents' demographic data and knowledge of, experiences with, and attitudes toward the service-delivery continuum of UNHSPs. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 45%; all 12 otolaryngologists responded (100%; data from 7 were analyzed), and 23 pediatricians responded (34.8%; all were analyzed). Generally, they were positive toward and knowledgeable about UNHSPs and believed that (a) parent/infant bonding is unaffected by screening, (b) hearing reevaluations following medical services are important, (c) audiologists perform their role adequately, (d) it is important that hearing losses be identified and interventions begun before infants reach 6 months of age, (e) UNHSPs deserve funding, and (f) their role is important, but the physicians also wanted improvements in parent education and referral/follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The survey method was effective in identifying participating physicians' informational needs and attitudes toward UNHSPs, and in designing outreach programs for them.

The "hearing aid effect" 2005: a rigorous test of the visibility of new hearing aid styles.

PURPOSE: The visibility of open ear (OE) styles of hearing instruments was rigorously investigated for their potential to reduce the stigma of wearing hearing aids. METHOD: Three groups of 50 young adults (150 total) rated the visibility of 6 hearing aid styles-OE, invisible completely-in-the-canal (CIC), mini in-the-canal (m-ITC), half- and full-shell in-the-ear (ITE), and behind-the-ear (BTE)-worn by a peer model with revealing hairstyle, photographed from 2 ft and at 3 different angles (45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees). RESULTS: CIC was rated significantly most "invisible" at 45 degrees and 90 degrees, OE and m-ITC were next at those angles, and OE and BTE were least invisible at 135 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have implications for counseling potential users who are reluctant to try hearing aids for cosmetic reasons.