Recommendations for pulmonary function laboratories in the COVID-19 era / Recomendaciones para el laboratorio de función pulmonar en la era COVID-19

Abstract The airborne spread is the main route of human-to-human transmission of coronavirus, including he SARS CoV-2 virus causing the disease known as COVID-19. The implicit risk of aerosolization of SARS CoV-2 infective microdroplets while carrying out respiratory function tests has caused a significant limitation of activity in most Pulmonary Function Laboratories since the beginning of the pandemic. This document aims to update the recommendations for the management of Pulmonary Function Laboratories in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Argentina. New recommendations include ways to carry out pulmonary function testing during the context of a high and low community viral spread phase, the evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients, as well as several aspects of biosafety for patients and operators. Measures consist of promoting air circulation in the environment, the use of antimicrobial filters, the protection of airways and mucous membranes, and hand washing.

Resumen La diseminación aerógena del virus SARS CoV-2 es la principal forma de transmisión interhumana de este coronavirus causante de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19. El riesgo implícito de la aerosolización de microgotas infectantes del SARS CoV-2 durante la ejecución de las pruebas funcionales respiratorias ha provocado una importante limitación de la actividad en la mayoría de los laboratorios de función pul monar desde el inicio de la pandemia. Este documento tiene por objetivo actualizar las recomendaciones para el manejo del laboratorio de función pulmonar en el contexto de la epidemia COVID-19 en Argentina. Se incorporan nuevas recomendaciones para realizar pruebas funcionales respiratorias en el contexto de una fase alta y baja de circulación viral comunitaria, para pacientes post COVID-19, así como para la bio seguridad de pacientes y operadores. Las medidas incluyen la ventilación del ambiente, el uso de filtros antimicrobianos, la protección de vía área y mucosas y el lavado de manos.

Recommendations for pulmonary function laboratories in the COVID-19 era.

The airborne spread is the main route of human-to-human transmission of coronavirus, including e SARS CoV-2 virus causing the disease known as COVID-19. The implicit risk of aerosolization of SARS CoV-2 infective microdroplets while carrying out respiratory function tests has caused a significant limitation of activity in most Pulmonary Function Laboratories since the beginning of the pandemic. This document aims to update the recommendations for the management of Pulmonary Function Laboratories in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Argentina. New recommendations include ways to carry out pulmonary function testing during the context of a high and low community viral spread phase, the evaluation of post-COVID-19 patients, as well as several aspects of biosafety for patients and operators. Measures consist of promoting air circulation in the environment, the use of antimicrobial filters, the protection of airways and mucous membranes, and hand washing.

La diseminación aerógena del virus SARS CoV-2 es la principal forma de transmisión interhumana de este coronavirus causante de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19. El riesgo implícito de la aerosolización de microgotas infectantes del SARS CoV-2 durante la ejecución de las pruebas funcionales respiratorias ha provocado una importante limitación de la actividad en la mayoría de los laboratorios de función pulmonar desde el inicio de la pandemia. Este documento tiene por objetivo actualizar las recomendaciones para el manejo del laboratorio de función pulmonar en el contexto de la epidemia COVID-19 en Argentina. Se incorporan nuevas recomendaciones para realizar pruebas funcionales respiratorias en el contexto de una fase alta y baja de circulación viral comunitaria, para pacientes post COVID-19, así como para la bioseguridad de pacientes y operadores. Las medidas incluyen la ventilación del ambiente, el uso de filtros antimicrobianos, la protección de vía área y mucosas y el lavado de manos.

Los viajes en avión y las enfermedades respiratorias / Air travel and respiratory diseases

Los aviones son medios de transporte habitual, y de uso cada vez más frecuente hasta el inicio de la pandemia COVID-19. La trasmisión del virus SARS-CoV2 se ve favorecida por el ambiente cerrado durante las horas del vuelo. A causa de esta pandemia se espera una disminución de entre el 58 y el 78% de los aproximadamente 3000 millones de pasajeros anuales, con una recuperación que también será variable según la evolución de dicha pandemia .

Influence of alexithymia on the management of Latin American patients with asthma: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: In asthmatic patients, studies suggest that alexithymia leads to negative consequences and emotions that can affect physical, psychological, and social aspects of life. We designed this study to determine the frequency of alexithymia in Latin American patients with asthma, as well as to understand how this personality trait and each of its components interact with asthma severity and demographic variables, and their implications on treatment adherence and disease control under such setting. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, involving 265 Latin American patients with asthma. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were reported. The presence of alexithymia, asthma severity, and control, as well as treatment adherence, was analyzed. To assess the presence of alexithymia, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale was used. For the statistical analyses, we performed Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient, chi-square tests for association, and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: A total of 265 patients participated in the study with a gender distribution of 69.4% female and an average age of 54.7 years. In total, 30.2% of individuals presented alexithymia. There was a statistically significant correlation between educational level and 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale categories (p < .001), as well as a higher proportion of severe (35.1%, p = .001) and uncontrolled (50.0%, p = .185) asthma in patients with alexithymia. A higher proportion of patients with some level of non-adherence was seen on those with uncontrolled asthma (68.5%, p = .008). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in our sample, 3 in 10 Latin American asthma patients have alexithymia, and such mental condition is more common in those individuals with lower educational levels. Individuals with alexithymia present with severe asthma more frequently than do patients with possible or no alexithymia and are also more likely to have their disease uncontrolled.

Spirometry reference values for an andean high-altitude population.

We compared the spirometric values of people living at High Altitude at the Andean Plateau with those predicted for lowland population. RATIONALE: Spirometry reference values are not yet available for the millions of people living at high altitude in the Andean High Plateau. OBJECTIVE: To obtain spirometric prediction equations from a healthy subset of adults living in Argentina at 3440m above sea level. METHODS: We randomly recruited 172 healthy men and 235 healthy women, ages 20-70. Spirometry was done according to ATS/ERS standards. Reference equations were computed using regression analysis. RESULTS: The resulting prediction equations: For men: FVC=0.0407*height (cm)-0.0250*age(years)-0.81;SEE 0.518. FEV1=0.0327*height (cm)-0.0282*age(years)-0.25;SEE 0.414. For women: FVC(liters)=0.0464*height(cm)-0.0222*age(years)-2.62;SEE 0.396. FEV1(liters)=0.0343*height(cm)-0.0218*age(years)-1.40;SEE 0.316. CONCLUSIONS: These results establish spirometric-prediction equations for the population studied and further demonstrate: (1) a linear decline of FVC and FEV1 with age for both genders, (2) age and height satisfactorily predict both parameters, (3) supra-normal values for this population were found when compared to those predicted by lowland Caucasian equations.

Information and communication technology use in asthmatic patients: a cross-sectional study in Latin America.

Rapid diffusion, low cost and broad availability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) make them an attractive platform for managing care, communication and interventions in asthma. There is little information in Latin America about usage frequency of ICTs in asthmatic patients. The analysis undertaken consisted of an observational, cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the frequency and type of ICTs most often used by asthmatics. The Spanish version of the Michigan questionnaire was employed in five Latin American countries. Age and educational level was categorised. Logistic regression was performed among these groups concerning the frequency of ICT usage and the level of interest shown in seeking and receiving information about asthma. In total, 673 asthma patients were surveyed. The mean age was 43.44 years. Over two-thirds of the participants were female (68.4%). The most used ICT was the short message service (SMS) (69.9%). SMS and E-mail are useful tools for communicating (i.e. receiving and seeking information) with all asthma patients, irrespective of their age. WhatsApp (61.5%) and Facebook (32.0%) were rated as being the most interesting channels of communication for receiving information. Regression analysis showed that younger asthmatics and asthmatics with higher educational levels were most likely to use almost all forms of ICTs. ICTs are generally an attractive platform for managing care, communication and interventions to improve asthma care. SMS and E-mail were found to be the preferred ICT forms among users. However, social media forms such as WhatsApp and Facebook may also be appropriate for certain types of patient.

Déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina en pacientes con EPOC: estudio de corte transversal / Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introducción: El déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina (DAAT) es un desorden genético asociado a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en edad temprana y enfermedad hepática. A su vez, es una condición altamente subdiagnosticada, lo que haría necesario el desarrollo de programas de cribado para identificar a pacientes afectados, ya que el diagnóstico podría promover intervenciones específicas como cese tabáquico, estudio de familiares, consejo genético y uso de terapia de reemplazo. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de DAAT grave en pacientes con EPOC mediante la cuantificación de la proteína en sangre seca de forma rutinaria y posterior genotipado de aquellos pacientes con concentraciones por debajo de un umbral establecido. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de EPOC que consultaron al Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre 2009 y 2012. La participación en el estudio consistió en la toma de una muestra de sangre por punción capilar del pulpejo del dedo para la determinación de las concentraciones de alfa 1 antitripsina (AAT), evaluación clínica y evaluación de función pulmonar. En los pacientes con déficit, se determinó adicionalmente el genotipo. Resultados: Un total de 1.002 pacientes fueron evaluados, de los cuales 785 (78,34%) tuvieron un valor normal de AAT, mientras que en 217 (21,66%) se detectó un déficit de concentración de AAT; a este último subgrupo se les realizó genotipado posterior, que arrojó: 15 (1,5%, IC 95% 0,75-2,25) pacientes con genotipo asociado a DAAT grave, de los cuales 12 ZZ (1,2%, IC 95% 0,52-1,87) y 3 SZ (0,3%, IC 95% 0-0,64). Los 202 pacientes restantes se clasificaron como: 29 heterocigotos Z (2,89%, IC 95% 1,86-3,93), 25 heterocigotos S (2,5%, IC 95% 1,53-3,46) y 4 SS (0,4%, IC 95% 0,01-0,79). Por otra parte, en 144 pacientes (14,37%, IC 95% 12,2-16,54) no se llegó a un diagnóstico definitivo. Conclusión: La estrategia utilizada con concentración sérica inicial de AAT según la proteína en sangre seca y posterior genotipado resultó adecuada como primera aproximación a un programa de cribado de DAAT grave, ya que se logró el diagnóstico definitivo en un 87% de los pacientes. Sin embargo, no se obtuvieron resultados por razones logísticas en el 13% restante. La implementación de técnicas para fenotipado en proteína en sangre seca permitirá corregir este significativo problema en esta etapa. Creemos que los resultados obtenidos avalarían su aplicación para la detección DAAT en poblaciones de pacientes con EPOC en cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las guías nacionales e internacionales

Introduction: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease. It is also a highly under-diagnosed condition. As early diagnosis could prompt specific interventions such as smoking cessation, testing of family members, genetic counselling and use of replacement therapy, screening programs are needed to identify affected patients. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of severe AATD in COPD patients by routine dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels below an established threshold. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of adult COPD patients attending the Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 2009 and 2012. The study consisted of capillary blood collection via finger stick to determine AAT levels, clinical evaluation and lung function tests. Genotype was determined in AAT-deficient patients. Results: A total of 1,002 patients were evaluated, of whom 785 (78.34%) had normal AAT levels, while low AAT levels were found in 217 (21.66%). Subsequent genotyping of the latter sub-group found: 15 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.75-2.25) patients with a genotype associated with severe AATD, of whom 12 were ZZ (1.2%, 95% CI 0.52-1.87) and 3 SZ (0.3%, 95% CI 0-0.64). The remaining 202 patients were classified as: 29 Z heterozygotes (2.89%, 95% CI 1.86-3.93), 25 S heterozygotes (2.5%, 95% CI 1.53-3.46) and 4 SS (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01-0.79). A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in 144 patients (14.37%, 95% CI 12.2-16.54). Conclusion: The strategy using an initial serum AAT level obtained by dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping was a satisfactory initial approach to a screening program for severe AAT, as a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 87% of patients. However, results were not obtained for logistical reasons in the remaining 13%. This major obstacle may be overcome by the use of dried blood spot phenotyping techniques. We believe this approach for detecting AATD in COPD patients, in compliance with national and international guidelines, is supported by our results

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease. It is also a highly under-diagnosed condition. As early diagnosis could prompt specific interventions such as smoking cessation, testing of family members, genetic counselling and use of replacement therapy, screening programs are needed to identify affected patients. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of severe AATD in COPD patients by routine dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels below an established threshold. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adult COPD patients attending the Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 2009 and 2012. The study consisted of capillary blood collection via finger stick to determine AAT levels, clinical evaluation and lung function tests. Genotype was determined in AAT-deficient patients. RESULTS: A total of 1,002 patients were evaluated, of whom 785 (78.34%) had normal AAT levels, while low AAT levels were found in 217 (21.66%). Subsequent genotyping of the latter sub-group found: 15 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.75-2.25) patients with a genotype associated with severe AATD, of whom 12 were ZZ (1.2%, 95% CI 0.52-1.87) and 3 SZ (0.3%, 95% CI 0-0.64). The remaining 202 patients were classified as: 29 Z heterozygotes (2.89%, 95% CI 1.86-3.93), 25 S heterozygotes (2.5%, 95% CI 1.53-3.46) and 4 SS (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01-0.79). A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in 144 patients (14.37%, 95% CI 12.2-16.54). CONCLUSION: The strategy using an initial serum AAT level obtained by dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping was a satisfactory initial approach to a screening program for severe AAT, as a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 87% of patients. However, results were not obtained for logistical reasons in the remaining 13%. This major obstacle may be overcome by the use of dried blood spot phenotyping techniques. We believe this approach for detecting AATD in COPD patients, in compliance with national and international guidelines, is supported by our results.

Valores mendocinos / Mendoza values

En el último número de la RAMR he leído el interesante trabajo "Comparación de las pruebas de función pulmonar en población adulta sana de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, con valores de referencia internacionales", de Lisanti R y cols. y considero que es de gran utilidad. Desde hace años, insistimos en la necesidad de contar con nuestros propios valores de referencia en pruebas de función pulmonar, a fin de poder llevar adelante una práctica médica fundada en datos de nuestro país. Estamos habituados a extrapolar resultados de investigaciones realizadas a miles de kilómetros de distancia como si fueran parte de nuestra realidad cotidiana

Frecuencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad difusa del parénquima pulmonar / Frecuency of sleep related disorders in patients with diffuse lung diseases

Introducción: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar difusa (EPD) a menudo presentan fragmentación del sueño con microdespertares frecuentes. En este grupo de pacientes, la desaturación nocturna de oxígeno es frecuente con una prevalencia de 50- 80%. Se agrava en el sueño REM y se asocia con una menor calidad de vida, pudiendo contribuir al daño vascular a largo plazo. La presencia de apneas obstructivas del sueño (AOS) se presenta en el 20% de la población adulta general. Objetivos: Describir las características de los parámetros respiratorios clínicos y fisiológicos y la frecuencia de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS), especialmente de AOS, en pacientes con EPD. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes con diagnóstico establecido de EPD que consultaron en un hospital especializado en enfermedades respiratorias entre julio de 2010 y enero de 2012. Se les realizó polisomnografía (PSG) y estudio de función pulmonar (CVF y DLCO). Resultados: Se estudiaron 41 pacientes con edad promedio de 61.5 ± 12.6 años. El 54% eran hombres (n = 22). Los diagnósticos de EPD fueron neumonía intersticial usual (NIU) en el 70.7%, neumonía intersticial no específica (NINE) en el 14.6%, neumonitis por hipersensibilidad (NHS) en el 9.8% y proteinosis alveolar pulmonar (PAP) en el 4.8%. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m². En el 80% fue = 25 y en el 41% = 30. La CVF media fue de 2.18 ± 0.7 l y 64.8 ± 16.8 del porcentaje del predictivo. La DLCO ajustada a la Hb media fue de 10.3±3.6 ml/mmHg/min y 46.9 ± 14 del porcentaje del valor predictivo. Con respecto a la PSG, la SpO2 basal media fue de 93.9 ±3.4%, la saturación media durante el sueño fue 89.8 ±7% y en el 39% de los casos la SpO2 media era < 90%. En el 90% de los casos la SpO>2 mínima durante el sueño fue menor de 90%. El 34% de los casos presentaba CT 90 (tiempo con SpO2 < 90%) > 50%. De los 13 pacientes con SpO2 basal despierto > 95%, 3 presentaron un CT90 = 20% yv de los 27 pacientes con SpO2 basal > 92%, 10 cursaban con un CT90 = 20%.v Del total de los pacientes, el 48.8% presentaba AOS. El índice de apneas-hipoapneasv (IAH) medio fue 11.4 y el 20% de los pacientes presentó IAH = 15. Con respecto a la escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESE), el 45% de los pacientes conv AOS presentaba una ESE = 10, que resultó significativamente mayor en comparación conv el grupo sin AOS. Del grupo de pacientes con IAH = 15, el 62.5% presentaban ESE < 10. Conclusiones: Un número importante de pacientes sin hipoxemia en reposo presentan desaturación durante el sueño. En este estudio, la frecuencia de AOS fue del 48.8%. Además, el grupo de pacientes con EPD con AOS presentó mayor compromiso oximétrico medido a través de CT90. Globalmente, el grupo de pacientes con AOS presentaba mayores valores de FVC (71.25% vs 58.67 p = 0.019).

Background: Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) often have sleep fragmentation with frequent arousals. In this group of patients, nocturnal oxygen desaturation is common, with a prevalence of 50-80%. It is worse in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, is associated with reduced quality of life and can contribute to long-term vascular damage. The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 20% of the general adult population. Aims: To describe the characteristics of clinical and physiological respiratory parameters and frequency of respiratory sleep disorders (RSD), especially OSA, in patients with ILD. Materials and Methods: We prospectively included ILD patients who attended a specialized hospital between July 2010 and January 2012. Polysomnography (PSG) and study of pulmonary function: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Diffusing Lung Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) were performed. Results: We studied 41 patients with a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.6 years. 54% were male (n = 22). ILD diagnoses were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 70.7%, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 14.6%, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in 9.8% and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in 4.8%. The body mass index (BMI) was 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m²; it was = 25 in 80% of patients and = 30 in 41%. The mean FVC was 2.18 ± 0.7 l and 64.8 ± 16.8 in the percentage of predictive value. The DLCO adjusted to Hb mean was 10.3 ± 3.6 ml/mmHg/min and 46.9 ± 14 in the percentage of predictive value. Regarding the PSG, the mean baseline SpO2 was 93.9 ± 3.4%, the mean saturation during sleep was 89.8 ± 7%, and the mean SpO2 was < 90% in 39% of cases. In 90% of cases the minimum SpO2 during sleep was less than 90%; 34% of patients had CT 90 (time with SpO2 < 90%) > 50%. In 13 patients with baseline SpO2 > 95%, 3 had CT90 = 20% and 10 of the 27 patients with basal SpO2 > 92%, had CT90 = 20%. Of all patients, 48.8% had OSA. The mean apnea-hypopnea index ...

Frecuencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad difusa del parénquima pulmonar / Frecuency of sleep related disorders in patients with diffuse lung diseases

Introducción: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar difusa (EPD) a menudo presentan fragmentación del sueño con microdespertares frecuentes. En este grupo de pacientes, la desaturación nocturna de oxígeno es frecuente con una prevalencia de 50- 80%. Se agrava en el sueño REM y se asocia con una menor calidad de vida, pudiendo contribuir al daño vascular a largo plazo. La presencia de apneas obstructivas del sueño (AOS) se presenta en el 20% de la población adulta general. Objetivos: Describir las características de los parámetros respiratorios clínicos y fisiológicos y la frecuencia de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS), especialmente de AOS, en pacientes con EPD. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes con diagnóstico establecido de EPD que consultaron en un hospital especializado en enfermedades respiratorias entre julio de 2010 y enero de 2012. Se les realizó polisomnografía (PSG) y estudio de función pulmonar (CVF y DLCO). Resultados: Se estudiaron 41 pacientes con edad promedio de 61.5 ± 12.6 años. El 54% eran hombres (n = 22). Los diagnósticos de EPD fueron neumonía intersticial usual (NIU) en el 70.7%, neumonía intersticial no específica (NINE) en el 14.6%, neumonitis por hipersensibilidad (NHS) en el 9.8% y proteinosis alveolar pulmonar (PAP) en el 4.8%. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m². En el 80% fue = 25 y en el 41% = 30. La CVF media fue de 2.18 ± 0.7 l y 64.8 ± 16.8 del porcentaje del predictivo. La DLCO ajustada a la Hb media fue de 10.3±3.6 ml/mmHg/min y 46.9 ± 14 del porcentaje del valor predictivo. Con respecto a la PSG, la SpO2 basal media fue de 93.9 ±3.4%, la saturación media durante el sueño fue 89.8 ±7% y en el 39% de los casos la SpO2 media era < 90%. En el 90% de los casos la SpO>2 mínima durante el sueño fue menor de 90%. El 34% de los casos presentaba CT 90 (tiempo con SpO2 < 90%) > 50%. De los 13 pacientes con SpO2 basal despierto > 95%, 3 presentaron un CT90 = 20% yv de los 27 pacientes con SpO2 basal > 92%, 10 cursaban con un CT90 = 20%.v Del total de los pacientes, el 48.8% presentaba AOS. El índice de apneas-hipoapneasv (IAH) medio fue 11.4 y el 20% de los pacientes presentó IAH = 15. Con respecto a la escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESE), el 45% de los pacientes conv AOS presentaba una ESE = 10, que resultó significativamente mayor en comparación conv el grupo sin AOS. Del grupo de pacientes con IAH = 15, el 62.5% presentaban ESE < 10. Conclusiones: Un número importante de pacientes sin hipoxemia en reposo presentan desaturación durante el sueño. En este estudio, la frecuencia de AOS fue del 48.8%. Además, el grupo de pacientes con EPD con AOS presentó mayor compromiso oximétrico medido a través de CT90. Globalmente, el grupo de pacientes con AOS presentaba mayores valores de FVC (71.25% vs 58.67 p = 0.019).(AU)

Background: Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) often have sleep fragmentation with frequent arousals. In this group of patients, nocturnal oxygen desaturation is common, with a prevalence of 50-80%. It is worse in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, is associated with reduced quality of life and can contribute to long-term vascular damage. The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 20% of the general adult population. Aims: To describe the characteristics of clinical and physiological respiratory parameters and frequency of respiratory sleep disorders (RSD), especially OSA, in patients with ILD. Materials and Methods: We prospectively included ILD patients who attended a specialized hospital between July 2010 and January 2012. Polysomnography (PSG) and study of pulmonary function: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Diffusing Lung Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) were performed. Results: We studied 41 patients with a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.6 years. 54% were male (n = 22). ILD diagnoses were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 70.7%, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in 14.6%, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in 9.8% and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in 4.8%. The body mass index (BMI) was 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m²; it was = 25 in 80% of patients and = 30 in 41%. The mean FVC was 2.18 ± 0.7 l and 64.8 ± 16.8 in the percentage of predictive value. The DLCO adjusted to Hb mean was 10.3 ± 3.6 ml/mmHg/min and 46.9 ± 14 in the percentage of predictive value. Regarding the PSG, the mean baseline SpO2 was 93.9 ± 3.4%, the mean saturation during sleep was 89.8 ± 7%, and the mean SpO2 was < 90% in 39% of cases. In 90% of cases the minimum SpO2 during sleep was less than 90%; 34% of patients had CT 90 (time with SpO2 < 90%) > 50%. In 13 patients with baseline SpO2 > 95%, 3 had CT90 = 20% and 10 of the 27 patients with basal SpO2 > 92%, had CT90 = 20%. Of all patients, 48.8% had OSA. The mean apnea-hypopnea index ...(AU)