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2.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 30(1): 10-16, ene-jun 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1007547

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar las manifestaciones clínicas y evolución de los casos sospechosos o confirmados de Difteria en Venezuela. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y multicentrico en los estados Anzoátegui, Bolívar, Carabobo, Distrito Capital, Lara, Mérida, Miranda y Zulia, se siguieron 48 pacientes sospechosos o confirmados para difteria y se describieron sus características clínicas. Resultados: 54,2 % fueron de sexo femenino, 2 de ellas embarazadas, 1 de ellas falleció. La localización más frecuente de lesiones fue la faríngea, sin embargo se observaron otras como la tonsilar, laringotraqueal, nasal y cutánea. Todos los pacientes recibieron antibióticos pero solo 32 toxina antidiftérica. Solo 11 pacientes tenían esquema vacunal completo y 18 presentaron complicaciones. El 18,8 % de la muestra falleció y el resto egresó sin secuelas. Conclusiones: El brote de difteria en Venezuela sigue activo, las cifras de pacientes afectados invitan a implementar estrategias de control a través de la inmunización de susceptibles, erradicación de portadores asintomáticos, diagnóstico temprano, reporte obligatorio, atención y manejo adecuado de los infectados.


Objective: To analize the clinical manifestations and evolution of suspected or confirmed cases of Diphtheria in Venezuela. Methods: A prospective, observational, descriptive, longitudinal and multicentric study was conducted in the Venezuelan's states of Anzoategui, Bolivar, Carabobo, Capital District, Lara, Merida, Miranda and Zulia. The time 1 of the investigation was at the hospital admission and the final time was at discharge. During the hospitalization, the follow-up was performed. Results: 48 patients were followed and all of them had suspected or confirmed Diphtheria. 45,5 % were men and 54.2 % were female, 2 of them were pregnant, and 1 of them died. The most frequent location of lesions was the pharyngeal, however other location were observed such as tonsillar, laryngotracheal, nasal and cutaneous. All patients received antibiotics but only 32 diphtheria antitoxin. Only 11 patients had a complete vaccination scheme and 18 (36 %) had complications. 18.8 % of the sample died and the rest withdrew without sequelae. Conclusions: The diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela is still active, the number of affected patients invite to implement strategies of control through the immunization of susceptibles, eradication of asymptomatic carriers, early diagnosis, mandatory reporting, care and adequate management of the infected.

3.
Acta ortop. mex ; 31(6): 287-291, nov.-dic. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-949782

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivos: Establecer si las complicaciones en el tratamiento, reingresos y reintervenciones están relacionadas con alteraciones sicológicas. Determinar si el tipo, la edad y el tiempo de uso se relacionan con los aspectos sicológicos. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y transversal en pacientes tratados con fijador externo en el período comprendido de 2005 a 2010. Se utilizaron expedientes clínicos, pruebas estadísticas χ2 y t de Student con el programa IBM SPSS Statistics versión 24. Resultados: Fijador circular: se observó una p significativa de 0.024 en la relación entre la edad y las alteraciones sicológicas. En cuanto a las complicaciones en relación con las alteraciones sicológicas, se obtuvo una p significativa de 0.048. Fijador monoplanar: la p fue significativa de 0.038 en la relación de reingresos y las alteraciones sicológicas. Discusión: Hay alteraciones sicológicas en los pacientes y familiares que pueden interferir con el apego y las complicaciones. En la literatura se observó que si en el cuestionario inicial hay alteraciones, éstas continuarán igual y generarán mayor agresividad; si no hubo alteraciones iniciales, no habrá cambios. Se identificaron menos efectos sicológicos en pacientes de mayor edad (13-16 años) y mayor ansiedad en pacientes del grupo medio (10-12 años), así como en aquéllos con deformidades residuales. Conclusiones: Es importante la intervención de sicología pre-, trans- y postquirúrgica. Los pacientes de edad media, lo cual corresponde a preadolescencia, presentarán más alteraciones sicológicas, por lo que se recomienda evitar el uso de fijadores en este rango de edad.


Abstract: Objective: To establish whether complications in treatment, readmissions and reinterventions are related to psychological disturbances. To determine if the type, age and time of use are related to psychological aspects. Material and methods: Retrospective, observational and transversal study in patients treated with external fixator in the period from 2005 to 2010. We used clinical records, χ2 statistical tests and Student's t-test with the IBM SPSS Statistics program, version 24. Results: Circular fixator: we observed a significant p of 0.024 in the relations between age and psychological alterations. Regarding the complications and the psychological alterations, we obtained a significant p 0.048. Monoplanar fixator: the difference was significant of 0.038 on the relation between readmissions and psychological alterations. Discussion: There are psychological disturbances in patients and families that may interfere with the treatment and complications. The literature showed that if there are alterations in the initial questionnaire, they will remain equal and generate increased aggressiveness; if there were no initial alterations, there will be no changes. We observed less psychological effects in older patients (13-16 years) and greater anxiety in patients in the medium range (10-12 years), as well as in patients with residual deformities. Conclusions: The psychological intervention is important in the pre-, trans- and postsurgical time. Patients of medium age, which corresponds to preteens, presented more psychological disturbances; therefore, it is recommended to avoid the use of external fixators in this age range.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Fixadores Externos , Fixação de Fratura/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 91(3): 120-124, mar. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148076

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad de la toxina botulínica (TB) tipo A aplicada en ambos rectos mediales en pacientes con endotropía parcialmente acomodativa (ETPA). Se evaluó la desviación residual y su estabilidad a 18 meses de seguimiento. MÉTODO: Estudio analítico prospectivo, cuasi experimental. Se estudió una cohorte de 21 pacientes con uso de refracción ciclopléjica total con desviación residual igual o mayor a 14 DP. Se realizó aplicación de TB en ambos rectos mediales, 5 U de TB para desviaciones residuales mayores de 18 DP y 2,5 U para desviaciones residuales menores. El análisis incluyó regresión logística entre variables para considerar factores predictivos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes, 33,3% pacientes (n = 7) del género masculino y 66,6% (n = 14) del género femenino. La capacidad visual promedio fue de -0,28 ±0,25 logMAR ojo derecho (rango 0 a -1) y -0,2 ± 0,31 logMAR ojo izquierdo (rango 0 a -1,3). El ángulo de endodesviación promedio previo a la aplicación de TB se encontró de 40,95 ± 8,6 DP sin corrección y de 22,3 ±7,99 DP con corrección. Los principales efectos secundarios fueron: ptosis 14,2% (n = 3), diplopía 23,8% (n = 5) y desviaciones verticales 33% (n = 7). Al año de seguimiento el 85,71% de pacientes tuvieron un resultado bueno con endotropía menor a 12 DP. Estos porcentajes disminuyeron a los 18 meses de seguimiento al 71,43%. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de TB tipo A permite obtener un resultado motor bueno a 18 meses en la mayoría de los pacientes. No se demostraron factores predictivos para el pronóstico


OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a botulinum toxin type A injection in both medial rectus muscles in patients with partially accommodative esotropia. Residual deviation and stability of strabismus were evaluated at 18 months follow up. METHOD: A prospective, analytical, quasi-experimental study was conducted on a cohort of 21 patients who underwent total cycloplegic refraction and with a residual deviation of at least 14 DP. A botulinum toxin type A dose of 5 IU was injected into each medial rectus muscle for a residual deviation greater than 18 DP, with a dose of 2.5 IU being used for a deviation between 14 and 18 DP. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to relate residual deviation to variables recorded as potential predictors. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were included, 33.3% (n = 7) males and 66.6% (n = 14) females. Mean visual acuity was -.28 ± .25 logMAR for right eye (range 0 to -1) and -.42 ± .31 logMAR for left eye (range 0 to -1.3). Mean angle of residual deviation before application of botulinum toxin was 40.95 ± 8.6 DP without spectacles correction, and 22.3 ± 7.99 DP with full cycloplegic refraction. Adverse effects were ptosis in 14.2% (n = 3), diplopia 23.8% (n = 5), and vertical deviation in 33% (n = 7). One patient had a poor outcome, therefore required surgical treatment. At one year follow up, 85.71% of patients showed good results with esotropia of 12 DP or less, dropping to 71.43% at 18 months of follow up. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin type A is an effective long-term treatment with a good response in 71.43% of patients. No predictors of good response were demonstrated


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/administração & dosagem , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Estrabismo/tratamento farmacológico , Ambliopia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Refração Ocular , Erros de Refração/tratamento farmacológico , Erros de Refração/patologia , Modelos Logísticos , Blefaroptose/complicações , Diplopia/complicações
7.
Cad Saude Publica ; 12(4): 525-530, 1996 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10904356

RESUMO

Nutritional practices of diabetics reflect both human behavior and the health culture of such patients. They also represent how the diabetic deals with the health/illness issue. The purpose of this survey was to identify and relate nutritional practices with metabolic control, age, sex, years of schooling, and time since diagnosis of illness. The sample was taken from 114 cases selected through systematic random sampling in five family practice units in Guadalajara. Using thirteen structured, coded, and quantified questions of the Likert type, the study evaluated nutritional practice with a range of 0-65. Results showed that 21% of the diabetics had appropriate nutritional practices (>31 points), and when related with years of schooling and time since diagnosis of illness, they showed statistically significant differences (p=0.05). Simple regression showed that 9% of metabolic control can be explained by nutritional practices.

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