Bone mineral content, 25-hydroxycalciferol and zinc serum levels in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients.

To determine the relationship between bone mineral content (BMC), 25-Hydroxycalciferol (25OHD) and zinc serum levels in young insulin-dependent diabetics, we performed photon absorptiometry on a poorly controlled group of 22 patients. Zinc, 25OHD and alkaline phosphatase were measured in fasting serum. Ca, P, Mg, glucose and cAMP were determined in serum and in 24 hours urine collection. The diabetic group showed a significant decrease in BMC (less than 0.001) with raised urinary excretion rate of calcium (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, serum levels of zinc and 25OHD showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.001, both). We found a positive and significant correlation between glycosuria and urinary excretion rate of calcium (r = 0.77; p less than 0.001) and negative one for 25OHD and urinary excretion rate of calcium (r = -0.77; p less than 0.001). We conclude that decreased zinc and 25OHD serum levels in poorly controlled insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetic patients, in addition to raised urinary excretion rate of calcium, as result of the osmotic diuresis, contribute to bone loss in these patients.

La fraccion excretada de sodio:su empleo en el diagnostico diferencial de la insuficiencia renal aguda en el lactante deshidratado por diarrea. / The excreted fraction of sodium: its use in the differential diagnosis of acute renal insufficiency in the dehydrated infant by diarrhea

Se estudiaron 35 ninos con sindrome diario agudo y deshidratacion severa quienes causaron con oliguria y elevacion de azoados.El objetivo fue plantear el diagnostico diferencial entre IRA y OF. La valoracion retrospectiva mostro que 25 pacientes constituyeron el grupo de OF y 10 el de IRA. El diagnostico diferencial se realizo mediante el uso de los indices U/P de osmolaridad, urea, creatinina relacion urea/ creatinina plasmatica, excrecion urinaria del sodio y fraccion excretada del mismo.La confiabilidad para cada indice, con respecto al diagnostico de certeza para cada grupo, fue la siguiente: 70% para el U/P de osmolaridad, 59% para el U/P de urea, 66% para el U/P de creatinina, 43% para la relacion urea/creatinina plasmatica, 82% para la excrecion urinaria de sodio y 96% para la fraccion excretada de sodio. Concluimos que la FENa es el indice mas efectivo, no invasivo y rapido para el diagnostico diferencial de OF e IRA

Excrecion urinaria de leucocitos y eritrocitos en ninos sanos. / Urinary excretion of leukocytes and erythrocytes in healthy children

Se estudio la influencia de la edad y el sexo en la excrecion de leucocitos y eritrocitos en la orina de 177 ninos sanos, los que se dividieron en tres grupos segun la edad: de dos a cinco, de seis a 11 y de 12 a 16 anos. El grupo de 12 a 16 anos excreto mayor cantidad de leucocitos y eritrocitos que los grupos de menor edad. La excrecion de leucocitos en las minas fue ligeramente mayor que en los ninos.Las cifras de excrecion de leucocitos obtenidos en la percentila 97 fueron de 500, 600 y 1000 por minuto en ninos; de eritrocitos de 1000, 850 y 1100 por minuto en ninas;de eritrocitos de 800, 800 y 950 por minuto en ninos y de 700, 800 y 850 por minuto en ninas, respectivamente por grupo de edad

Utilidad de la "cuenta minutada" de eritrocitos en orina en el asesoramiento genetico en familias con enfermedad de Alport. / Value of \"minute count\" of erythocytes in urine for genetic counselingin families with Alport's disease

Debido a que aproximadamente un 12 por ciento de mujeres heterocigotas para el gen de la enfermedad de Alport son asintomaticas, en el presente estudio de dos familias con este padecimiento, se enfantiza la necesidad de realizar estudios familiares, y se propone una clasificacion de portadoras en: definitivas, probables y posibles, en base al estudio de tres cuentas minutadas de eritrocitos en orina

[Hemodialysis with low sodium concentration in hypertensive uremic children]. / Hemodiálisis con baja concentración de sodio en niños urémicos hipertensos

In three hypertensive uremic children in whom hypertension was not controlled by sodium-free diet, ultrafiltration and hypotensive drugs, a total of twenty low sodium concentration hemodialyses were carried out. In all patients there was insignificant sodium excretion in urine and diastolic blood pressure diminished 10 to 20 mm Hg; two patients showed also reduction of systolic blood pressure. No important changes were seen in the serum concentrations of sodium, calcium and glucose. In one patient improvement of his retin lesions, as well as radiological reduction of heart size were observed. In other two cases, cardio-respiratory symptoms associated with hypertension disappeared. In all but two of them hypotensive drugs were withdrawn; in the other one dose was reduced. With low sodium concentration hemodialysis, sodium extraction was higher than that obtained when using the conventional dialysis solution. Interchangeable sodium decreased in all patients.

[Correlation between osmolarity and specific gravity of urine. Changes caused by the presence of abnormal solutes]. / Correlación en la orina entre osmolaridad y gravedad specífica. Modificaciones por la presencia de solutos anormales

There is a high correlation index (0.97) in the measurement of urine osmolality and specific gravity in healthy children and adults and in children with renal disease without heavy proteinuria or glucosuria. This is a useful tool, because osmometers are not used in many laboratories, but specific gravity is of general use, so that urine concentration in mOsm/kg. can be derived from the specific gravity. The same parameters in urines with heavy proteinuria or glucosuria were also measured and the correlation index and the modifications per gram of abnormal solute that should be applied in order to obtain the correct urine concentration figures, were established.