Brief report: the adolescent Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire: an examination of aggressions against parents in Spanish adolescents.

The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess child-to-parent aggression in adolescents and to document the extent of the problem. The questionnaire developed in this study, the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire (CPAQ), includes forms of physical and psychological aggression directed at both the mother and the father. It also includes open questions about the reasons for the aggressive acts. The CPAQ was completed by a sample of 2719 adolescents (age range: 13-18 years old, 51.4% girls). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor correlated structure (physical aggression against mother, physical aggression against father, psychological aggression against mother, and psychological aggression against father). Psychological and physical aggression against the mother was more frequent than against the father. However, there were no differences with regard to severe forms of aggression. Girls scored significantly higher on all indicators of psychological aggression, including severe psychological aggression. Nevertheless, except for the prevalence of physical aggression against mothers, which was higher in females, there were no significant differences in physical aggression against parents. Finally, the reasons provided by the adolescents for the aggression included both instrumental (e.g., to obtain permission to get home late and to access their computers) and reactive reasons (e.g., anger and self-defense). These findings highlight the complexity of child-to-parent aggression in adolescence.

Síntomas de duelo en familiares de personas con daño cerebral adquirido / Grief symptoms in relatives of people with traumatic brain injury

En este estudio se adaptó el Inventario Texas Revisadode Duelo (ITRD) a familiares de personas con daño cerebraladquirido (DCA). En el estudio participaron 223 familiares.El análisis factorial confirmó, con buenos indicadores deajuste, la estructura del inventario, consistente en dos escalas:Comportamiento en el pasado y Sentimientos actuales.Ambas escalas correlacionaron significativamente con síntomasde depresión y ansiedad. No hubo diferencias en síntomasen función del tiempo transcurrido desde la lesión.La comparación de las puntuaciones obtenidas en la muestrade familiares de DCA con las obtenidas en dolientes deotros estudios previos mostró que las primeras se encontrabandentro del rango habitual para las escalas del ITRD.Estos resultados se interpretaron como indicadores de lapresencia de síntomas de duelo ante el DCA sufrido por elfamiliar. Finalmente el estudio analizó las repercusiones deestos resultados para la intervención con las familias

In this study the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief wasadapted to family members of persons with traumatic braininjury (TBI). 223 family members participated in the study.Factor analysis confirmed, with good adjustment indexes,the structure of the inventory, which consisted of two scales:Past behaviour and present feelings. Both scales correlatedsignificantly with symptoms of depression and anxiety.There were not differences in symptoms depending on thetime passed since the brain injury. The comparison of oursample with previous studies’ grief samples indicated thatfamilies of victims of traumatic brain injury obtained griefscores in the usual range for ITRD subscales. These findingswere interpreted as indicators of symptoms of grief infront of the TBI experimented by the family member. Finally,the implications of these results for intervention withfamilies were discussed