Adiponectin overexpression in C2C12 myocytes increases lipid oxidation and myofiber transition

Metabolic syndrome and obesity have detrimental effects on the metabolic function of the skeletal muscle. Mounting evidence indicates that patients with those conditions may present an increased ratio of glycolytic to oxidative fibers associated with a decrease in oxidative capacity. In this regard, adiponectin, a hormone mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, has emerged as a myokine that could play an important role in this process. We aimed to investigate whether adiponectin overexpression in skeletal muscle might be a local protective mechanism, favoring fatty acid utilization. To that end, we generated an in vitro model of myocytes with upregulated endogenous adiponectin using a lentiviral carrier. We demonstrated that the adiponectin-transduced myocytes were able to produce and secrete fully functional adiponectin complexes. Adiponectin overexpression remarkably upregulated the mRNA level of myogenic regulatory factors as well as genes implicated in lipolysis (HSL, ATGL) and cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid transport (LPL, CD36, CPT1B). This was accompanied by increased isoproterenol-induced lipolysis and β-oxidation and reduced lipogenesis, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was unaltered in transduced myocytes. Lastly, the relative expression of the more glycolytic myofibers (MyHC IIb) compared to the more oxidative ones (MyHC I) was notably reduced. Our results showed that the released adiponectin acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner, increasing lipid oxidation in myocytes and leading to a transition of myofibers from the glycolytic to the oxidative type. In conclusion, muscle adiponectin overexpression might be a way to relieve muscle diseases caused by oxidative muscle fiber deficiency. (AU)

Adiponectin overexpression in C2C12 myocytes increases lipid oxidation and myofiber transition.

Metabolic syndrome and obesity have detrimental effects on the metabolic function of the skeletal muscle. Mounting evidence indicates that patients with those conditions may present an increased ratio of glycolytic to oxidative fibers associated with a decrease in oxidative capacity. In this regard, adiponectin, a hormone mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, has emerged as a myokine that could play an important role in this process. We aimed to investigate whether adiponectin overexpression in skeletal muscle might be a local protective mechanism, favoring fatty acid utilization. To that end, we generated an in vitro model of myocytes with upregulated endogenous adiponectin using a lentiviral carrier. We demonstrated that the adiponectin-transduced myocytes were able to produce and secrete fully functional adiponectin complexes. Adiponectin overexpression remarkably upregulated the mRNA level of myogenic regulatory factors as well as genes implicated in lipolysis (HSL, ATGL) and cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid transport (LPL, CD36, CPT1B). This was accompanied by increased isoproterenol-induced lipolysis and ß-oxidation and reduced lipogenesis, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was unaltered in transduced myocytes. Lastly, the relative expression of the more glycolytic myofibers (MyHC IIb) compared to the more oxidative ones (MyHC I) was notably reduced. Our results showed that the released adiponectin acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner, increasing lipid oxidation in myocytes and leading to a transition of myofibers from the glycolytic to the oxidative type. In conclusion, muscle adiponectin overexpression might be a way to relieve muscle diseases caused by oxidative muscle fiber deficiency.

Arteterapia en oncología / Art Therapy in Oncology

Dentro del ámbito oncológico, la arteterapia propone un espacio de trabajo dirigido al desarrollo de recursos personales e interpersonales promotores de salud, que puede resultar útil junto a los que plantean otros dispositivos terapéuticos más enfocados en el tratamiento del malestar. Dos de los aportes que refiere la literatura son el desarrollo de la creatividad y el acceso a áreas de reflexión y, por tanto, expresivas y comunicativas, eficaces en relación con áreas de la experiencia a las que las personas no pueden poner palabras. Este artículo avanza en este sentido con la intención de mostrar, con una mayor amplitud y agudeza, el alcance de una vía que arranca poniendo en juego la parte sana de la persona y la dispone hacia la participación de una vivencia de carácter estético, además de expresiva y comunicativa; se dirige a expandir su campo experiencial, a abrirlo a la conexión de áreas de experiencia significativas, vitales, universales; y a generar un tejido relacional no excluyente, conformado por experiencias, pero también por objetos en los que pacientes y familiares podrán siempre encontrarse

Within the Oncology setting, Art Therapy offers a working space targeted to developing personal and interpersonal health promoting resources, which can be useful together with those presented by other therapeutic instruments more focused on treating the condition. Two of the contributions reported by literature are: the development of creativity, and the access to areas of reflection and, therefore, expression and communication, which are effective regarding areas of experience which persons cannot describe with words. This articles moves forward in this sense, intending to show with higher intensity and to a higher extent the scope of a pathway which starts by compromising the healthy part of the person, and guides them towards being involved in an experience of aesthetic nature, as well as expressive and communicative; it is targeted to expanding their scope of experience, to open it to the connection of significant, vital and universal areas of experience, and to generate a non-excluding relationship tissue, formed by experiences, but also by objects where patients and relatives will always be able to meet