RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The increase in reported cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw has increased the clinical significance of bisphosphonate therapeutic agents in the dentistry field. METHODS: We present a rare and severe case of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by medicamentous treatment of complex regional pain syndrome. This article reviews the current international prevention and treatment guidelines with regard to bisphosphonate treatment. RESULTS: Even rare indications for bisphosphonate treatment may lead to devastating effects on the patient. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists and physicians who prescribe bisphosphonates should be familiar with the side effects of these drugs and the management of these side effects. To prevent negative outcomes, it is important that there be a close collaboration among the doctors involved and that a thorough medical history is obtained; this is especially true because the range of indications for bisphosphonate treatment increases every year.