Treatment of impacted or retained second molars with the miniscrew-supported pole technique: a prospective follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Eruption disturbances of permanent molars are uncommon; however, it is important to treat them as soon as they are diagnosed. The main objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the "miniscrew-supported pole technique," a surgically assisted orthodontic procedure to force the eruption of impacted/retained second molars (M2s) when there are indicators of complex molar inclusion. An observational prospective study was carried out during a 2-year period. Sociodemographic, clinical and low-dose scanner variables were taken at baseline (T0). Follow-up variables (T1) were the time between surgery and tooth eruption, radiographic measurements, debonding of buttons, failure rate of miniscrews and success rate of eruption. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (mean age of 13.9 years) with 24 retained/impacted M2s were recruited; 13 molars were maxillary (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%) were mandibular. Six (25%) were impacted molars and 18 (75%) primarily retained. At T0, molar angulation was mesial in six molars (25%), distal in five molars (20.8%) and 13 molars were vertically positioned (54.2%). Infraocclusion degree was moderate in four (16.7%) molars and severe in 20 (83.3%). Only three (12.5%) third molars were removed due to lack of space. All M2s managed to erupt, achieving a success rate of 100%; however, two molars of the same patient did not achieve occlusion. The period of eruption after surgery was 126.8 (117.3) days. Anatomical radicular alteration was the only variable independently related to a longer time of treatment (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The pole technique, using one mesial miniscrew and simple orthodontic mechanics, applies forces that succeed in erupting complicated retained/impacted M2s in a short period of time and with a low failure rate.

Compensation Techniques Aimed at Mitigating Vibrations in Optical Ground-Based Telescopes: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the different systems and techniques aimed at suppressing vibrations on optical ground-based telescopes. We identified the studies by searching three electronic databases (Science Direct, IEEE library and Web of Science) from the year 2000 to December 2020. The studies were eligible if they proposed systems focused on mitigating the effects of vibrations in optical telescopes and brought performance data. A total of nine studies met our eligibility criteria. Current evidence confirms the feasibility of adaptative optics (AO) systems based on closed-loop control to mitigate vibrations, although variations and additions should be made depending on their nature and characteristics in order to improve the performance of the proposed techniques. This systematic review was conducted to provide a state-of-the-art of the methods and techniques that have been developed over the past two decades. The review also points out some issues that demand future research.

Orthodontic management of severe iatrogenic biprotrusion and resorptions with miniscrews and corticotomies.

BACKGROUND: This case report describes a patient with severe iatrogenic dental biprotrusion who visited for a second assessment. The patient presented first premolar maxillary extractions, resorbed maxillary incisors and dehiscences in the anterior buccal and palatal cortical bone diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the beginning of treatment, fixed appliances were bonded on all teeth except on the upper incisors to prevent further root resorption. Mandibular first premolar extractions, miniscrews and corticotomies were scheduled for gaining distalization of the teeth in the four quadrants. When this was achieved, an occlusal splint was placed to extrude the posterior teeth with interarch elastics for increasing the vertical dimension. Next, brackets were placed on the maxillary incisors and a comprehensive orthodontic treatment was performed. RESULTS: After treatment, changes in incisor positioning were evident, varying the interincisal angle by 57.6 degrees. Nevertheless, slight root resorption of the upper incisors was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Correct diagnosis is necessary to design an adequate treatment plan and make orthodontists aware of possible severe unwanted tooth movements before they occur. In dental biprotrusion without overjet, the first objective should be to distalize mandibular teeth prior to maxillary teeth retraction.

Miniscrew-supported pole technique: Surgical-orthodontic approach for impacted or retained second molars in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Several treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of eruption disturbances of permanent molars. Despite being an infrequent condition, these disturbances should be solved as they can lead to important complications and play a relevant role in completing the occlusion. FINDINGS: The presented cases involved maxillary and mandibular included second molars (M2s) respectively. Both teeth erupted successfully after the application of the miniscrew-supported pole technique, and a functional occlusion was established. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is a surgically assisted orthodontic procedure performed to force the eruption of impacted/retained M2s. This device uses one mesial miniscrew which allows the application of relevant force to achieve the eruption of complicated retained/impacted M2s within a short period of time.

Orthodontic management of a complete and an incomplete maxillary canine-first premolar transposition.

Maxillary canine and first premolar transposition is a complicated dental anomaly to treat, especially if the clinician's goal is to orthodontically move the canine into its normal position. Early diagnosis with cone-beam computed tomography simplifies the treatment of this pathology. This case report describes a patient with bilateral transposition, one complete and the other incomplete, involving the maxillary canine and the first premolar (Mx.C.1P). The orthodontic treatment involved the correction of both transpositions. In the complete transposition, the traction was mesial and upward to move the canine into a more apical position with a wider dentoalveolar process for easier crown interchange.

Study on the Vibration Characteristics of the Telescope T80 in the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory (JAO) Aimed at Detecting Invalid Images.

The location of large telescopes, generally far from the data processing centers, represents a logistical problem for the supervision of the capture of images. In this work, we carried out a preliminary study of the vibration signature of the T80 telescope at the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory (JAO). The study analyzed the process of calculating the displacement that occurs because of the vibration in each of the frequencies in the range of interest. We analyzed the problems associated with very low frequencies by means of simulation, finding the most critical vibrations below 20 Hz, since they are the ones that generate greater displacements. The work also relates previous studies based on simulation with the real measurements of the vibration of the telescope taken remotely when it is subjected to different positioning movements (right ascension and/or declination) or when it performs movement actions such as those related to filter trays or mirror cover. The obtained results allow us to design a remote alarm system to detect invalid images (taken with excess vibration).

Quad-helix compression to decompensate molar inclination prior to skeletal expansion.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that patients without posterior crossbite (PCB) but with maxillary transverse deficiency, not previously observed due to an increased curve of Wilson, can benefit from the same palatal expansion as patients with PCB, after correction of the buccal inclination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients presenting a maxillary skeletal transverse deficiency were treated: 26 without PCB and 15 with PCB. In the non-PCB group, quad-helix compression was followed by a Hyrax expander (QH+HY), whereas the PCB group only underwent Hyrax expander treatment (HY). The maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, intermolar widths (cusp tips and gingival level) and molar inclination were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment in both groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups at the end of treatment, and no PCBs remained. The same maxillary expansion was achieved in the QH+HY and HY groups in the region of the canines, at both the gingival (3.4 ± 2.0 vs. 3.4 ± 2.7 mm; P = 0.999) and cusp tip levels (4.5 ± 3.1 vs. 3.8 ± 2.2 mm; P = 0.981). The molar inclination in the QH+HY group decreased, while there was a slight increase in the HY group (-6.50° ± 5.34° vs. 2.3° ± 4.1°; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with maxillary transverse deficiency do not present with PCB, due to an increased curve of Wilson. However, these patients require skeletal expansion similar to that of patients with a bilateral PCB. The curve of Wilson should be flattened prior to expansion in order to increase the amount of maxillary skeletal expansion.

Surgical-orthodontic approach for facial rejuvenation based on a reverse facelift.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic treatment combined with a maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) can be an effective option for patients who need not only corrected occlusion but also facial rejuvenation. In this case series, two patients underwent orthodontic treatment and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery involving MMA, one of them with a counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (OP). FINDINGS: In both cases, the face was rejuvenated, a functional occlusion was established, and the posterior airway space (PAS) was widened. CONCLUSIONS: The facial mask ages three dimensionally. MMA should be offered to patients who have insufficient skeletal projection and are considering improving their facial appearance beyond just correcting a malocclusion problem. The reverse facelift provides more soft-tissue support, resulting in mid- and lower-face rejuvenation.

Management of Deeply Impacted Molars with the Miniscrew-Supported Pole Technique.

Impacted molars occur more often in the mandibular arch than in the maxillary arch, with an overall prevalence of .01-1.8%.(1-4) The most common type of impaction, a mesially inclined molar, is also the most successfully treated.(5) Even a horizontally impacted lower second molar can be uprighted. If a molar is diagnosed in a vertical position, however, its prognosis is more compromised and ankylosis should be suspected.(5,6).

Surgical and orthodontic management of maxillary canine-lateral incisor transpositions.

Transposition of the maxillary canine and the lateral incisor is a complex dental anomaly to treat. The difficulty increases if the treatment aims to correct the transposition. These case reports describe 2 patients with transposition of the maxillary lateral incisor and canine. The first case involves bilateral incomplete transpositions, and the second is a complete transposition. The radiographic appearance of the canine was similar in the 2 patients. However, the treatments were distinct because of the 3-dimensional positions of the teeth. The first case involved palatally placed lateral incisor roots. To prevent resorption of the lateral incisors, the canines were moved into position buccally. In the second case, the lateral incisor root had a buccal position, and the canine crown was tractioned palatally. The position of the lateral incisor root was critical when electing the correct treatment and mechanics for each patient.

A Kinect-Based System for Lower Limb Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease Patients: a Pilot Study.

This work brings together the emerging virtual reality techniques and the natural user interfaces to offer new possibilities in the field of rehabilitation. We have designed a rehabilitation game based on a low cost device (Microsoft Kinect(TM)) connected to a personal computer. It provides patients having Parkinson's Disease (PD) with a motivating way to perform several motor rehabilitation exercises to improve their rehabilitation. The experiment was tested on seven Parkinson's Disease patients and results demonstrated significant improvements in completion time score and in the 10 Meters Walk Test score. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to determine if this type of training has a long-term impact. Both the device and protocol were well accepted by subjects, being safe and easy to use. We conclude that our work provides a simple and suitable tool resulting in a more enriching rehabilitation process where motivation is highly encouraged in PD patients. Feedback coming from participants corroborate the hypothesis that the system can be applied not only in clinical rehabilitation centers but at home.

[Diagnosis and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas. Uses of angiography and interventional radiology]. / Diagnóstico y control evolutivo de los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello. Interés de la angiografía y procedimientos neurorradiológicos intervencionistas.

The present article aims to describe the current role of interventional neuroradiology in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas, based on our experience and a literature review. The cellular polymorphism of head and neck paragangliomas confers these tumors with their characteristics hypervascularization (angioarchitecture) with characteristic arteriographic signs and hemorrhage that justify presurgical embolization. The main indications of digital angiography in head and neck paragangliomas are to confirm diagnosis and identify functional involvement of the large cervical vessels, as well as their possible vascular replacement. Extensive carotid or jugular involvement may require excision of these vessels. Functional tests that allow the patency of the circle of Willis and/or that of the contralateral sigmoid sinus to be identified are required to predict post-treatment neurological complications. Although the treatment of choice of head and neck paragangliomas is complete excision, hypervascularization may complicate surgical resection. Presurgical embolization is used to facilitate treatment by reducing blood loss, shortening operating time and lowering postoperative neurological morbidity. Palliative embolization is indicated in patients with inoperable tumors. Currently, three interventional techniques can be used in the treatment of head and neck paragangliomas: endovascular embolization, direct percutaneous puncture, and placement of vascular stents. Although infrequent, the most severe complications are those related to embolism of the embolizing material. These complications are less frequent in highly specialized centers.

Diagnóstico y control evolutivo de los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello. Interés de la angiografía y procedimientos neurorradiológicos intervencionistas / Diagnosis and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas. Uses of angiography and interventional radiology

El propósito de nuestro estudio es presentar, basándonos en nuestra experiencia y la revisión de la bibliografía realizada, el papel actual de la neurorradiología vascular-intervencionista en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello (PgCC). El polimorfismo celular de los PgCC les confiere su característica “hipervascularización”(angio arquitectura) con signos arteriográficos patognomónicos y un carácter hemorrágico que justifica su embolización prequirúrgica. Las indicaciones fundamentales de la angiografía digital en los PgCC se establecen para confirmar su diagnóstico y comprender la afectación funcional de los grandes vasos cervicales, así como sus posibles suplencias vasculares. La extensa afectación carotídea o yugular puede hacer inevitable el sacrificio quirúrgico de estos vasos. Son necesarias pruebas funcionales que permitan conocer la permeabilidad del polígono de Willis y/o del seno sigmoide o contralateral para predecir complicaciones neurológicas postratamiento. Aunque el tratamiento de elección de los PgCC es su exéresis completa, la hipervascularización puede hacer complicada la resección quirúrgica. La embolización prequirúrgica es utilizada para facilitar el tratamiento reduciendo la pérdida de sangre, acortando el tiempo quirúrgico y disminuyendo la morbilidad neurológica posquirúrgica. La indicación paliativa de la embolización se establece en casos de tumores inoperables. En la actualidad, se dispone de3 técnicas intervencionistas utilizables en el tratamiento de los PgCC: la embolización endovascular, la punción percutánea directa y la colocación de endoprótesis vasculares. Aunque poco frecuentes, las complicaciones más graves son las relacionadas con el embolismo del material embolizante y, lógicamente, disminuyen en centros sanitarios de alto nivel y con una técnica arteriográfica depurada (AU)

The present article aims to describe the current role of interventional neuroradiology in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas, based on our experience and a literature review. The cellular polymorphism of head and neck paragangliomas confers these tumors with their characteristics “hypervascularization”(angio architecture) with characteristic arteriographicsigns and hemorrhage that justify presurgical embolization. The main indications of digital angiography in head and neck paragangliomas are to confirm diagnosis and identify functional involvement of the large cervical vessels, as well as their possible vascular replacement. Extensive carotid or jugular involvement may require excision of these vessels. Functional tests that allow the patency of the circle of Willis and/or that of the contralateral sigmoid sinus to be identified are required to predict post-treatment neurological complications. Although the treatment of choice of head and neck paragangliomas is complete excision, hypervascularization may complicate surgical resection. Presurgical embolization is used to facilitate treatment by reducing blood loss, shortening operating time and lowering postoperative neurological morbidity. Palliative embolization is indicated in patients with inoperable tumors. Currently, three interventional techniques can be used in the treatment of head and neck paragangliomas: endovascular embolization, direct percutaneous puncture, and placement of vascular stents. Although infrequent, the most severe complications are those related to embolism of the embolizing material. These complications are less frequent in highly specialized centers (AU)