Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children.

Emerging evidence implicates gut microbial metabolism in neurodevelopmental disorders, but its influence on typical neurodevelopment has not been explored in detail. We investigated the relationship between the microbiome and neuroanatomy and cognition of 381 healthy children, demonstrating that differences in microbial taxa and genes are associated with overall cognitive function and the size of brain regions. Using a combination of statistical and machine learning models, we showed that species including Alistipes obesi, Blautia wexlerae, and Ruminococcus gnavus were enriched or depleted in children with higher cognitive function scores. Microbial metabolism of short-chain fatty acids was also associated with cognitive function. In addition, machine models were able to predict the volume of brain regions from microbial profiles, and taxa that were important in predicting cognitive function were also important for predicting individual brain regions and specific subscales of cognitive function. These findings provide potential biomarkers of neurocognitive development and may enable development of targets for early detection and intervention.

Neuroimaging and verbal memory assessment in healthy aging adults using a portable low-field MRI scanner and a web-based platform: results from a proof-of-concept population-based cross-section study.

Consumer wearables and health monitors, internet-based health and cognitive assessments, and at-home biosample (e.g., saliva and capillary blood) collection kits are increasingly used by public health researchers for large population-based studies without requiring intensive in-person visits. Alongside reduced participant time burden, remote and virtual data collection allows the participation of individuals who live long distances from hospital or university research centers, or who lack access to transportation. Unfortunately, studies that include magnetic resonance neuroimaging are challenging to perform remotely given the infrastructure requirements of MRI scanners, and, as a result, they often omit socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged individuals. Lower field strength systems (< 100 mT) offer the potential to perform neuroimaging at a participant's home, enabling more accessible and equitable research. Here we report the first use of a low-field MRI "scan van" with an online assessment of paired-associate learning (PAL) to examine associations between brain morphometry and verbal memory performance. In a sample of 67 individuals, 18-93 years of age, imaged at or near their home, we show expected white and gray matter volume trends with age and find significant (p < 0.05 FWE) associations between PAL performance and hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, and thalamic volumes. High-quality data were acquired in 93% of individuals, and at-home scanning was preferred by all individuals with prior MRI at a hospital or research setting. Results demonstrate the feasibility of remote neuroimaging and cognitive data collection, with important implications for engaging traditionally under-represented communities in neuroimaging research.

Pseudodiverticulosis esofágica intramural: una causa poco frecuente de disfagia / Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis: a rare cause of dysphagia

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Valor de la ecografía transvaginal en pacientes con metrorragia de origen endometrial / Value of transvaginal ultrasonography in patients with metrorrhagia of endometrial origin

Objetivos: Determinar los hallazgos ecográficos en pacientes con metrorragia y establecer la correlación anatomopatológica en los casos de patología endometrial. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas y los hallazgos de imagen de las 88 pacientes que acudieron a nuestro hospital por metrorragia en paciente no gestante entre el 1 de septiembre de 2002 y el 31 de agosto de 2003. Se realizó ecografía transvaginal a todas las pacientes. En 39 casos se practicó histeroscopia diagnóstica, con toma de biopsia en 37, y en dos casos no se pudo acceder a la cavidad endometrial. Resultados: El diagnóstico ecográfico más frecuente fue el de ecografía normal (32%), y el hallazgo patológico más frecuente los miomas (27,2%). En un 38,6% de las pacientes se identificó patología endometrial. Por histeroscopia existió correlación anatomopatológica con la ecografía en todos los casos de pólipos endometriales. En los carcinomas el diagnóstico de malignidad se confirmó en un 89% con un solo falso positivo. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio la causa más frecuente de metrorragia fue la hemorragia disfuncional con ecografía normal. El hallazgo patológico más frecuente fueron los miomas

Objectives: To determine ultrasonographic findings in patients with metrorrhagia and to establish anatomopathological correlation in cases of endometrial condition. Material and methods: The clinical records and image findings of 88 patients who came to our hospital due to metrorrhagia in non-pregnant patients between September 1, 2002 and August 31, 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Transvaginal ultrasonography was done in all the patients. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was done in 39 cases with biopsy in 37, not being possible to reach the endometrial cavity in 2 cases. Results: The most frequent ultrasonographic diagnosis was normal findings (32%) and myoma was the most frequent pathological finding (27.2%). Endometrial pathology was identified in 38.6% of the patients. There was anatomopathological correlation by hysteroscopy with ultrasonography in all the cases of endometrial polyps. The diagnosis of malignancy in the carcinomas was verified in 89% with only one false positive. Conclusions: In our study, the most frequent cause of metrorrhagia was dysfunctional bleeding with normal ultrasonography. The most frequent pathological finding was myoma

Fibrolipoma de la pared abdominal anterior de presentación atípica / Fibrolipoma of the anterior abdominal wall: an atypical presentation

El fibrolipoma es un tipo de lipoma que contiene tejido fibroso. Presentamos un caso de fibrolipoma de la pared abdominal anterior de gran tamaño y con hallazgos radiológicos poco frecuentes, que dificultan el diagnóstico por imagen. Mostramos los hallazgos en ecografía, tomografía computarizada, cirugía y anatomía patológica, así como el diagnóstico diferencial de la lesión (AU)