Osteomielitis aguda: epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento / Acute osteomyelitis: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

Introducción: El presente estudio revisa la epidemiología, las manifestaciones clínicas y el manejo de los casos de osteomielitis aguda (OA) ingresados en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes menores de 15 años ingresados con el diagnóstico de OA entre 2000 y 2011, retrospectivo hasta 2006, y posteriormente prospectivo. Resultados: Se identificaron 50 pacientes (52% varones) con una mediana de edad de 2 años. La sintomatología preponderante al ingreso fue dolor (94%), impotencia funcional (90%) y fiebre (72%). Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron el fémur (32%), la tibia (28%) y el calcáneo (22%). Se encontró leucocitosis >12.000/μl en el 56%, VSG elevada >20mm/h en un 26 y un 64% con PCR superior a 20mg/l. El 20% de los hemocultivos resultó positivo, siendo Streptococcus del grupo A el germen más frecuente (11%).La gammagrafía ósea con 99Tc permitió el diagnóstico de confirmación en todos los casos. El tratamiento antibiótico fue intravenoso (i.v.) durante una media de 10 días ±3 DE, continuándose por vía oral (v.o.) una media de 18 días ±6 DE. Tres pacientes requirieron drenaje quirúrgico. La evolución en todos los pacientes fue excelente, salvo 3 excepciones, que se resolvieron con el tiempo. Conclusiones: La actual pauta corta de tratamiento i.v. disminuyó la estancia hospitalaria. Tras su instauración no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la duración de la clínica, ni en la PCR en el momento del alta en comparación con las pautas prolongadas previas a 2006 (AU)

Background and aims: The present study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory data, and management of osteomyelitis in a pediatric third level hospital. Methodology: All cases of children under 15 years-old admitted with osteomyelitis between 2000 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed until July 2006, then prospectively from then until 2011.Results: A total of 50 patients were identified (52% males) with median age at diagnosis of 2 years. Principal onset manifestations were pain (94%), functional impairment (90%) and fever (72%). The femur (32%), fibula (28%) and calcaneus (22%) were most affected bones. Leucocytosis > 12.000/micre l was found in 56%, elevated ESR > 20 mm/h in 26%, and elevated CRP > 20 mg/L in 64%. Blood culture was positive in 20%, with group A streptococcus being the most frequently isolated bacteria (11%).All diagnoses were confirmed by a 99Tc scintigraphy bone scan. Antibiotic therapy was initially intravenously (mean time of administration: 10 days ± 3SD), followed by oral medication (mean time of administration: 18 days±6 SD). Surgery was necessary in 3 patients. Evolution of all cases was excellent, despite 3 exceptions that resolved over time. Conclusions: The current short-term intravenous therapy led to shorter hospitalizations. There were no statistically significant differences between time from clinical onset or in CRP levels at discharge compared to long-term therapies prior to 2006 (AU)

[Acute osteomyelitis: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment]. / Osteomielitis aguda: epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The present study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory data, and management of osteomyelitis in a pediatric third level hospital. METHODOLOGY: All cases of children under 15 years-old admitted with osteomyelitis between 2000 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed until July 2006, then prospectively from then until 2011. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were identified (52% males) with median age at diagnosis of 2 years. Principal onset manifestations were pain (94%), functional impairment (90%) and fever (72%). The femur (32%), fibula (28%) and calcaneus (22%) were most affected bones. Leucocytosis > 12.000/µl was found in 56%, elevated ESR > 20 mm/h in 26%, and elevated CRP > 20 mg/L in 64%. Blood culture was positive in 20%, with group A streptococcus being the most frequently isolated bacteria (11%). All diagnoses were confirmed by a (99)Tc scintigraphy bone scan. Antibiotic therapy was initially intravenously (mean time of administration: 10 days ± 3 SD), followed by oral medication (mean time of administration: 18 days ± 6 SD). Surgery was necessary in 3 patients. Evolution of all cases was excellent, despite 3 exceptions that resolved over time. CONCLUSIONS: The current short-term intravenous therapy led to shorter hospitalizations. There were no statistically significant differences between time from clinical onset or in CRP levels at discharge compared to long-term therapies prior to 2006.

Recién nacido con dificultad respiratoria y desplazamiento del latido cardíaco a la derecha / Neonate with respiratory distress and rightward displacement of the cardiac impulse

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Cojera súbita en un lactante afebril / Sudden lameness in an afebrile infant

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