RESUMO
Una de las principales intervenciones que enfermería realiza en el tratamiento de los trastornos de conducta alimentaria se establece en la psicoeducación familiar, aspecto indispensable en la mayoría de tratamientos en Salud Mental. Este artículo describe y analiza las dificultades familiares expresadas en el cumplimiento del plan terapéutico establecido para los pacientes ingresados por anorexia nerviosa (AN) en el Hospital de Día de adolescentes de Salud Mental, de la Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, durante el año 2009. Así mismo, se recopilan datos sobre las intervenciones profesionales realizadas con la familia por parte de la enfermera asignada a esta unidad, con la finalidad de agruparlas y categorizarlas, para facilitar posteriormente la intervención enfermera en estos casos. Se incluyen en este plan de cuidados un total de 10 familias correspondientes a los 10 pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de AN para el período estudiado. En todos los casos las pacientes son mujeres adolescentes que han recibido tratamiento previo, desde un dispositivo ambulatorio, con respuesta parcial o nula al tratamiento. Las dificultades familiares expresadas se han agrupado en cinco categorías a partir del análisis de su contenido: problemas para la elaboración de una dieta equilibrada, problemas para el manejo emocional/conductual de la paciente, problemas por inexistencia de hábitos alimentarios familiares previos, problemas por escaso control y supervisión familiar, y problemas por negativa/incumplimiento general de las pautas establecidas. Se proponen para estas categorías distintas intervenciones individuales específicas, desarrolladas e implementadas en el plan de cuidados de enfermería, y se evalúan los resultados de dichas intervenciones (AU)
One of the main nursing interventions in the treatment of eating disorders is family psycho-education, an essential aspect of mental health treatment. This article describes and analyses the difficulties families expressed in the performance of a treatment plan for patients hospitalised for anorexia nervosa (AN) in the adolescent Day Hospital of Mental Health, of the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, during 2009. Data was also collected data on professional interventions, performed by the nurse assigned to this unit, in order to group and categorise them, and as an aid to nursing intervention. A total of 10 families of the 10 patients admitted with a diagnosis of AN were included in the study period. In all cases, the patients were young women who had received treatment before in an Outpatient Unit, with partial or no response to the treatment. The difficulties expressed by the families were grouped into five categories from content analysis: problems in preparing a balanced diet, problems as they are unable to handle the behaviour and emotions of the patient, problems because as there are no previous family eating habits, problems because there is no family control or supervision, and problems with the established guidelines. Specific individualised interventions are proposed for developing and promoting a nursing care plan, and assessing the results (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Cooperação do Paciente/psicologiaRESUMO
One of the main nursing interventions in the treatment of eating disorders is family psycho-education, an essential aspect of mental health treatment. This article describes and analyses the difficulties families expressed in the performance of a treatment plan for patients hospitalised for anorexia nervosa (AN) in the adolescent Day Hospital of Mental Health, of the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, during 2009. Data was also collected data on professional interventions, performed by the nurse assigned to this unit, in order to group and categorise them, and as an aid to nursing intervention. A total of 10 families of the 10 patients admitted with a diagnosis of AN were included in the study period. In all cases, the patients were young women who had received treatment before in an Outpatient Unit, with partial or no response to the treatment. The difficulties expressed by the families were grouped into five categories from content analysis: problems in preparing a balanced diet, problems as they are unable to handle the behaviour and emotions of the patient, problems because as there are no previous family eating habits, problems because there is no family control or supervision, and problems with the established guidelines. Specific individualised interventions are proposed for developing and promoting a nursing care plan, and assessing the results.