Daily intakes of 134Cs, 137Cs, 40K, 232Th, and 238U in Ukrainian adult males.

Total diet samples were collected to estimate dietary intakes of several radionuclides for Ukrainian males by duplicate portion studies. The samples were collected in the Kiev, Rovno and Volynsky regions in autumn of 1994. Some foodstuffs, including milk and potato, were also collected in the same regions. Daily intakes of 232Th and 238U were estimated to be 2.0 mBq and 7.5 mBq per person, respectively. The estimated daily intake of 40K, 85 Bq per person, was equivalent to that of Reference Man (the intake of a West European and a North American). Daily intakes of 137Cs were found to be quite different between some regions. Daily intakes were 1.8 Bq per person in the Kiev region and 12 Bq per person in the Rovno and Volynsky regions. Daily intake of 134Cs was below 1 Bq per person.

Dosimetric support of the International Programme on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPHECA) pilot project: main results and problems.

The problem of post-Chernobyl dosimetry is unique in its complexity in the history of radiation medicine and radiation protection. This is because the early experience of mass exposure of people (bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Windscale and South-Ural accidents, exposure of inhabitants of Nevada in the United States of America, the Semipalatinsk area in the former USSR, the Marshall Islands, and the Goiånia accident in Brazil, and others) differed both in the much simpler structure of the irradiation source and in the number and characteristics of exposed persons. It is obvious that post-Chernobyl dosimetry, both as an independent problem, and as a tool for epidemiological studies, requires significant expertise and economic and technical expenditures. Extensive and deep research has been carried out in Ukraine for the past 10 years. This article reviews the main results of these studies.

[Dynamics of the radiation conditions and evaluation of the radiation dosage of the inhabitants of Kiev following the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Dinamika radiatsionnoi obstanovki i otsenka doz oblucheniia zhitelei Kieva posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The estimation of the effective dose equivalents of exposure to accidental and non-accidental sources was made on the basis of the studying of radiation situation variations in Kiev after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1989. The total annual effective dose equivalents to the Kiev population from all sources of exposure for 1986-1989 were 9.19, 7.29, 5.34 and 5.03 mSv, respectively. The necessity of radiation health measures aimed at limiting the intake of long-acting radionuclides of Chernobyl nature and reducing the exposure doses by optimizing the x-ray procedure and by regulating the natural radioactivity of building materials are under discussion.

[Transit of radiocesium and radiostrontium from the fallout to the soil of the Ukrainian S.S.R. due to the Chernobyl AES accident into plants and milk]. / Perekhod radiotseziia i radiostrontsiia, vypavshikh na pochvy USSR v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES, v rasteniia i moloko.

Dietary components making a great contribution to the formation of human internal irradiation dose were defined. The values of soil-milk transition ratios that are ranging 0.3 to 41 E-9 MBq.kg-1.Bq-1.m2 have been obtained from the examination of 1300 milk specimens by radiochemical assay for 90Sr. The relationship of soil-milk and soil-plant transition ratios was examined to the type of soils and the distance from the NPP.

[Radon concentration in living accommodations in the Ukrainian S.S.R. in 1989]. / Soderzhanie radona v zhilykh pomeshcheniiakh USSR v 1989 g.

The authors relate the tentative measurement data on radon-222 concentrations in different buildings situated in the Ukrainian bedrock geological region. The mean Rn222 concentration was found to be about 87 Bq/m-3 for single-family buildings and 31 Bq/m-3 for many-story sectional and brick buildings. The maximum concentrations were recorded in one-story adobe houses in the Zaporozhye and Kirovograd Regions (about 500 Bq/m-3), which corresponds to the effective equivalent dose about 40 m3b per year.

[Tritium contents in water reservoirs and water supply sources in several regions of the Ukrainian S.S.R]. / Soderzhanie tritiia v vode otkrytykh vodoemov i v istochnikakh pit'evogo vodosnabzheniia v nekotorykh oblastiakh USSR.

At present the main sources of tritium detectable in basins of the Ukrainian SSR are NPPs. Tritium control in waters is one of the most sensitive methods of environmental radio monitoring in the regions of NPPs sites and may serve as indicator of nuclear technology stability.

[Joint effect on the body of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic energy and noise]. / Kum vuprosa za suvmestnoto vliianie vurkhu organizma na svurkhvi-sokochestotna elektromagnitna energiia i shum.

A brief review is presented of the new views and methodological approach in hygienic standardization of the combined effect of the physical factors of the environment - ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic energy and noise. In the determination of the biological significance of the factors with their isolated or combined effect and integral logarithmic scale was introduced for the levels studied - the value of the factors, expressed in dB. The results from noise effect of the order 80 dB [A], ultrahigh frequency (UHE) - electromagnetic energy (P = 60 microW/cm2) and their combination reveal the ratio of the restoration periods I:I.9:2.6. Reduced to the logarithmic scale, the identical noise levels and UHF- electromagnetic energy (according to the exemplary result) have different biological significance. If the biological significance of noise is accepted as unity then the activity of the electromagnetic energy from UHF-range is with I.35 higher than that of the noise. With the combined effect of those factors reduced to an integral scale of the levels, the relative biological significance of the noise, electromagnetic energy and their combination has the values I:I.35:2.I. In that way of processing and analysis of the results from multiprofile researches the combined effect of the physical factors could be standardized.

Study of nonionizing microwave radiation effects upon the central nervous system and behavior reactions.

The biologic effect of an electromagnetic field of a frequency of 2375 +/- 50 MHz was studied in rats and rabbits in specially constructed absorbant chambers. The results of the investigations have shown that microwave radiation of 10, 50, 500 mu W/cm2 for 30 days, 7 hr/day, causes a number of changes in bioelectric brain activity and also in behavioral immunological, and cytochemical reactions. It was found that levels of 10 and 50 mu W/cm2 stimulate the electric brain activity at the initial stage of irradiation, while a level of 500 mu W/cm2 causes its suppression, as seen from the increase of slow, high amplitude delta-waves. At 500 mu W/cm2 a decrease in capacity of work, in value of unconditioned feeding stimulus, in investigating activity, electronic irradiation threshold, and in inhibition of cellular and humoral immunity were also observed.