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ABSTRACT Background Although overall cultural differences exist between individuals from the X and Y generations, to our knowledge few previous studies have contrasted their expectations regarding what good doctors are, and their perceptions on the training processes they undergo. Aims To conduct a study exploring perceptions on what good doctors are and their perceptions about training among a sample of Brazilian medical students at the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, comparing groups from 2000 and 2014. We aimed to provide information that can be used to guide curriculum development in medical schools. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study of a series of open questions asked to medical students from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2000 and 2014. This qualitative analysis focused on uncovering emerging themes related to students' perceptions regarding what good doctors are and how they see their training process. A subsequent quantitative analysis through Natural Language Processing was undertaken. Results Gender distribution was balanced between the 2000 and 2014 groups, with most students being in the early 20s. Our main emerging concepts involved four themes: Skills and qualities of a good doctor, positive and negative aspects of the curriculum, as well as expectations related to students' future career. From a qualitative perspective, the 2014 group focused their criticisms on the School of Medicine itself and the study overload, while the 2000 group focused its criticism on the faculty and competition. Therefore, the 2014 group experienced more criticism and less idealization in relation to the School and the medical training process. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2000 and 2014 groups, as well as across genders. Discussion Students in this sample have demonstrated little change over time in relation to their characterization of what good doctors are and how they should be trained. Their preferences for a practical, patient-centered education should guide future curriculum development in medical schools.
RESUMO Fundamentação Existem importantes diferenças culturais entre os indivíduos das gerações x e Y. Entretanto, poucos estudos compararam as percepções dessas duas gerações em relação ao que são bons médicos, e também quanto ao seu processo de treinamento. Objetivo Conduzir um estudo explorando as percepções sobre o que significa ser um bom médico e sobre o processo de formação em uma amostra de estudantes de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, comparando grupos de 2000 e de 2014. Buscamos fornecer informações que possam guiar o desenvolvimento curricular em escolas médicas. Método Foi conduzido um estudo misto por meio de questões abertas dirigidas a estudantes de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo em 2000 e 2014. A análise qualitativa focou em temas emergentes ligados à percepção dos estudantes sobre o que seriam bons médicos e sobre o treinamento que os estudantes devem receber. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise quantitativa por meio de Processamento de Linguagem Natural. Resultados A frequência de homens e mulheres estava balanceada entre os grupos de 2000 e 2014. A maior parte dos estudantes tinha ao redor de 20 anos de idade. Os principais conceitos emergentes encontrados envolveram os quatro temas seguintes: Habilidades e qualidades de um bom médico, aspectos positivos e aspectos negativos do currículo, expectativas relacionadas à carreira futura. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, o grupo de 2014 focou suas críticas na escola médica em si e na excessiva carga de estudo, enquanto o grupo de 2000 criticou os professores e a competitividade. Outrossim, o grupo de 2014 denotou maior criticismo e menor idealização em relação à Escola e ao processo de treinamento. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os grupos de 2000 e de 2014, nem entre gêneros. Conclusão Os estudantes de medicina da FMUSP desta amostra demonstraram pouca mudança no decorrer dos anos em relação ao que consideram ser bons médicos e como eles devem ser treinados. As preferências dos estudantes por uma educação prática e centrada nos pacientes deveriam guiar o futuro desenvolvimento curricular nas escolas médicas.
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OBJECTIVE: Verifying the psychometrics of a Brazilian version of the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15). METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation was done interviewing 65 adult patients. Validation was evaluated by application of the Lipp Brazilian Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ), and other measures to 575 participants from the psychiatric ambulatories (for borderline personality, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorders) and non-psychiatric ambulatories (chronic pain, pre-anesthetic consultation and companions for the latter). Temporal stability was verified with 123 participants. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution. Psychometrics were acceptable (alpha coefficient, 0.71; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.81). Correlations with the ISSL, SRQ and other measures were noted except for factor 3. In the psychiatric sample, hardiness scores of borderline patients were lower than those of patients with anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: This version of the DRS-15 exhibited good reliability in a sample of Brazilian patients; validity was confirmed in two of the scale factors.
