RESUMO
A clinical trial was conducted to investigate the development of caries lesions associated with fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. To introduce a cariogenic challenge on sound buccal enamel surfaces in vivo, specially designed orthodontic bands were attached to premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons. The bands were modified by having two metal wires (0.8 mm in diameter) welded to the inner surface of the band to produce a space for plaque accumulation similar to that occurring under loose orthodontic bands. The bands were cemented with a zinc phosphate cement (Tenet) and left in situ for 4 weeks. Of 22 premolar teeth banded in eight different patients, eight showed definite white spot lesions, eight showed definite faint enamel opacities, and six showed no discernible lesions. Examination of definite white spot lesions by scanning electron microscopy revealed characteristic patterns of initial tissue destruction. Focal holes and an accentuation of the perikymata were observed affecting the enamel surface zone, an area previously considered to remain relatively intact during the development of a caries lesion. The superficial nature of the caries lesions observed and the rapidity of their formation is significant in the clinical management of decalcified areas forming beneath orthodontic bands.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Dente Pré-Molar , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Placa Dentária/complicações , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fatores de Tempo , Desmineralização do Dente/etiologia , Desmineralização do Dente/patologiaRESUMO
The purpose of the study was three fold: (1) to assess the need for orthognathic surgery in complete cleft palate and complete cleft lip and palate patients treated in Liverpool, (2) to determine the effect of timing of operation, technique and the number of operations on the need for orthognathic surgery and (3) to establish a more standardised method of assessing the need of orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and palate patients.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Cirurgia Bucal/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Self-esteem/self-concept and aesthetics were measured in three groups. One group prior to orthodontic treatment, one group following completion of active orthodontic treatment and an untreated group. Improvement in dental and/or facial aesthetics does not necessarily lead to an increase in self esteem.
Assuntos
Estética Dentária , Má Oclusão/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Imagem Corporal , Criança , Estética , Face , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Personalidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
This study was to test the validity of patients' opinions and provide a more accurate method than previously reported of assessing the specific psycho-social effects of orthognathic surgery. Questionnaires were used preoperatively and postoperatively providing a longitudinal sample, while those patients who only completed questionnaires either before or after surgery provided cross-sectional samples. Different questionnaires were used to provide data on a 'Body Satisfaction Scale', 'Fear of Negative Evaluation', 'Social Avoidance and Distress', and a 'General Health Questionnaire'. The results indicate that surgery produced an improvement in body image, particularly in the evaluation of facial attractiveness.
Assuntos
Atitude , Comportamento do Consumidor , Face/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Imagem Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Autoimagem , Isolamento Social , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
There has been some controversy over the post-operative changes that may take place in tooth position following orthognathic surgery. The present study was designed to observe the changes that take place in the position of the incisors following surgery to correct class III skeletal discrepancies. It was found that the postoperative changes that occur in the axial inclination of the lower incisors are small enough to be clinically insignificant, provided an adequate overbite has been established. Any changes that do occur will probably be associated with a small increase in the mandibular maxillary planes angle, with possibly some upper incisor proclination and reduction of overbite.
Assuntos
Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Má Oclusão/cirurgia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Adulto , Cefalometria , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/anatomia & histologia , Nariz/anatomia & histologia , Recidiva , Dimensão VerticalRESUMO
Heliosit-orthodontic, a visible light cured adhesive, has been compared with Right-on, a chemically activated adhesive, on 122 patients for a mean period of 12 months with a range 3-18 months. The overall bond failure rate was 20 per cent. Heliosit-orthodontic had a 23 per cent failure rate compared with a 16 per cent failure rate for Right-on. Heliosit-orthodontic performed less well on the posterior teeth particularly lower second premolars (P less than 0.01). Both materials performed equally well in the labial segment.
Assuntos
Resinas Compostas , Colagem Dentária , Materiais Dentários , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Probabilidade , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A longitudinal study has been carried out over a 3-year period to monitor the effects of a change in emphasis in the clinical orthodontic training of undergraduate students. The change allowed them to treat more patients over a longer period of time with a greater variety and complexity of appliance, and to observe these patients into retention.
