Salivary protein homology between humans and dogs: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This benchmark study aimed to investigate sex-related differences based on the identification and characterization of the salivary proteome of healthy male and female dogs using mass spectrometry (MS) technique and a homology-driven approach to analyze salivary proteins in both human and dog species utilizing protein sequence alignment technique. METHODS: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 10 healthy Beagles. After processing the samples and determining the total protein content, in-solution protein digestion was performed involving denaturation, reduction of disulfide bonds, alkylation, and removal of interfering compounds. Samples were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS: LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 327 and 341 unique proteins in male and female dog saliva, respectively, of which 318 (97.25 %) in male dogs and 326 (95.60 %) in female dogs were characterized. Abundant shared proteins included albumin, BPI fold-containing family A member 2, and VWFD domain-containing protein. A notable uncharacterized protein, VWFD domain-containing protein, was among the most abundant in both sexes. Comparative analysis of 69 abundant shared proteins indicated an upregulation of CES5A, EFHD, GC, IGHM, LOC100653049, KRT10, LCP1, PGD, TPI1 in male dogs, while LOC100855593 was upregulated in female dogs. In total, 84 % (n = 229/274) and 86 % (n = 235/275) salivary proteins identified in male and female dogs, respectively, were homologous to human proteins, with an overall homology of 86 % (n = 364/423), including 15 with 100 % homology. CONCLUSION: The study revealed clear differences in the salivary proteomics profile of healthy male and female dogs. However, most of the salivary proteins in both male and female dogs showed homology with human salivary proteins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The identification of unique salivary proteome profiles in male and female dogs, coupled with substantial homology to human proteins, provides promising biomarkers for health assessment, highlighting its clinical significance for diagnostics and therapeutic exploration not only in veterinary and human dentistry, but across mammalian species.

Computed tomography features of presumed normal mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in dogs.

Computed tomographic (CT) features of lymph nodes are used for diagnosis, staging, and response evaluation in veterinary patients. The objectives of this study were to describe maximum short- and long-axis transverse diameters (SATD and LATD, respectively), volume, and attenuation of presumed normal canine mandibular lymph nodes (MLNs) and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRLNs), to investigate the effect of variables on these features, and to describe inter-observer reliability of transverse diameter and attenuation measurement. Computed tomography studies of 161 dogs were retrospectively reviewed. Median values for SATD were 5.2 and 5.4 mm, median values for volume were 0.26 and 0.54 cm3, and median values for attenuation were 32.3 and 31.8 Hounsfield units (HU) for MLN and MRLN, respectively. Median LATD was 11 mm for MLNs. Height of the first cervical vertebra (HCV1) and weight were positively associated with transverse diameters of both MLNs and MRLNs (P < 0.001). Grade of dental disease was negatively associated with transverse diameters of both MLNs (P = 0.001) and MRLNs (P < 0.03). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94 to 0.95] for transverse diameter measurement. This study provides descriptive data on the CT characteristics of presumed normal MLNs and MRLNs in dogs and describes a highly reliable method of measuring transverse diameter.

Les caractéristiques tomodensitométriques (CT) des ganglions lymphatiques sont utilisées pour le diagnostic, la stadification et l'évaluation de la réponse chez les patients vétérinaires. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de décrire les diamètres transversaux maximaux à axe court et long (SATD et LATD, respectivement), le volume et l'atténuation des ganglions lymphatiques mandibulaires canins (MLN) et des ganglions lymphatiques rétropharyngés médians (MRLN) présumés normaux, afin d'étudier l'effet de variables sur ces caractéristiques, et pour décrire la fiabilité inter-observateur de la mesure du diamètre transversal et de l'atténuation. Des études de tomodensitométrie de 161 chiens ont été examinées rétrospectivement. Les valeurs médianes pour la SATD étaient de 5,2 et 5,4 mm, les valeurs médianes pour le volume étaient de 0,26 et 0,54 cm3, et les valeurs médianes pour l'atténuation étaient de 32,3 et 31,8 unités Hounsfield (HU) pour MLN et MRLN, respectivement. Le LATD médian était de 11 mm pour les MLN. La hauteur de la première vertèbre cervicale (VHC1) et le poids étaient positivement associés aux diamètres transversaux des MLN et des MRLN (P < 0,001). Le grade de maladie dentaire était négativement associé aux diamètres transversaux des MLN (P = 0,001) et des MRLN (P < 0,03). Le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) était de 0,94 [intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95 % : 0,94 à 0,95] pour la mesure du diamètre transversal. Cette étude fournit des données descriptives sur les caractéristiques CT des MLN et MRLN présumés normaux chez le chien et décrit une méthode très fiable de mesure du diamètre transversal.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Pilot study of the effectiveness of a xylitol-based drinking water additive to reduce plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs.

Over a period of 208 days a randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to assess plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs provided with a xylitol-based drinking water additive. A crossover design was utilized allowing each dog to participate in each 90-day treatment and control phase. Inclusion of a xylitol drinking water additive resulted in a 5.1% decrease in mean tooth plaque score and a 14.9% decrease in mean calculus score. Daily administration of a palatable, xylitol drinking water additive that required little time and effort reduced plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs.

Étude pilote sur l'efficacité d'un additif à base de xylitol à l'eau de boisson a pour réduire la plaque et l'accumulation de tartre chez les chiens. Pendant une période de 208 jours, un essai clinique randomisé à double-insu a été mené pour évaluer l'accumulation de plaque et de tartre chez des chiens supplémentés avec un additif à base de xylitol à l'eau de boisson. Une étude croisée fut utilisée permettant ainsi à chaque chien de participer dans chaque période de 90 jours au groupe traité et au groupe témoin. L'inclusion d'un additif à base de xylitol à l'eau de boisson a résulté en une diminution de 5,1 % du pointage de plaque dentaire et de 14,9 % du pointage moyen de tartre dentaire. L'administration quotidienne d'un additif palatable à base de xylitol dans l'eau de boisson ne requérant que peu de temps et d'efforts a permis de réduire l'accumulation de plaque et de tartre.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Novel treatment of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis of incisor teeth in a 22-year-old Arabian mare.

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis is a rarely reported condition in the incisor and canine teeth of older horses. Histologically, there is internal and external resorption of the tooth with formation of excessive cementum. Once lesions become infected or supragingival this condition is very painful. The clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of hypercementosis in an Arabian mare are described.

Traitement innovateur de la résorption dentaire odontoclasique et de l'hypercémentose de la dent incisive chez une jument arabe âgée de 22 ans. La résorption dentaire odontoclasique et l'hypercémentose représentent une affection rarement signalée des dents incisives et canines chez les chevaux âgés. Sur le plan histologique, il se produit une résorption interne et externe de la dent avec une formation excessive de cément. Une fois que les lésions deviennent infectées ou supra-gingivales, cette affection est très douloureuse. La manifestation clinique, le diagnostic et le traitement de l'hypercémentose sont décrits chez une jument arabe.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Use of a hard palate mucoperiosteal flap for rostral muzzle reconstruction in a dog after a traumatic premaxillary degloving injury.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique for reconstruction of the rostral aspect of the muzzle of a dog after traumatic amputation. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMALS: Adult female dog. METHODS: A 6-year-old, intact, female, mixed-breed dog was admitted for facial reconstructive surgery after traumatic amputation of the rostral aspect of the muzzle. The nasal planum and the rostral portion of the upper lips were missing. A hard palate mucoperiosteal flap and lateral labial advancement flaps were used to reconstruct the nasal philtrum and borders of the nares. RESULTS: This reconstructive technique resulted in adequate nostril function and an acceptable cosmetic outcome. One naris developed partial obstruction with granulation tissue that may have occurred because of a lack of circumferential nasal mucosa to appose the skin on that side. CONCLUSION: The mucoperiosteum of the hard palate can be used to reconstruct the rostral aspect of the muzzle after traumatic amputation, resulting in an acceptable cosmetic outcome.