RESUMO
Identification of singleton P2X7 inhibitor 1 from HTS gave a pharmacophore that eventually turned into potential clinical candidates 17 and 19. During development, a number of issues were successfully addressed, such as metabolic stability, plasma stability, GSH adduct formation, and aniline mutagenicity. Thus, careful modification of the molecule, such as conversion of the 1,4-dihydropyridinone to the 1,2-dihydropyridinone system, proper substitution at C-5â³, and in some cases addition of fluorine atoms to the aniline ring allowed for the identification of a novel class of potent P2X7 inhibitors suitable for evaluating the role of P2X7 in inflammatory, immune, neurologic, or musculoskeletal disorders.
Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2X/química , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2X/farmacologia , Piridonas/química , Piridonas/farmacologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , Compostos de Anilina/química , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Halogenação , HumanosRESUMO
We describe the discovery of several pyrrolopyrazines as potent and selective Syk inhibitors and the efforts that eventually led to the desired improvements in physicochemical properties and human whole blood potencies. Ultimately, our mouse model revealed unexpected toxicity that precluded us from further advancing this series.
Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazinas/síntese química , Pirróis/síntese química , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/enzimologia , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Pirazinas/toxicidade , Pirróis/farmacologia , Pirróis/toxicidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Quinase SykRESUMO
The metabolic fate of three aromatic carboxylic acid analogs under evaluation as prostaglandin I2-preferring receptor antagonists was studied. The initial analog with unsubstituted phenyl groups was subject to a complex set of aromatic oxidative biotransformations. By introduction of one or two fluorines, these pathways were inhibited. All three analogs were metabolized to a wide variety of carboxylic acid conjugates. Among these were several conjugates formed via secondary metabolism and oxidation of acyl glutathione intermediates. Two of the structure classes, represented by the S-methyl-N-cysteinylglycine conjugate and the N-cysteinylglycine disulfide conjugates, have been described only rarely in the literature. The related S-oxide of the S-methyl-N-cysteinylglycine conjugate and the N,S-bis-acyl derivative of cysteinylglycine are here described for the first time as conjugate metabolites of carboxylic drugs.
