Identificación temprana de trastornos del lenguaje / Early identification of language disorders

El trastorno en el desarrollo del lenguaje es una de las manifestaciones que se observa con mayor frecuencia en el consultorio pediátrico. El hecho de hacer correcciones a tiempo de los problemas del lenguaje permite al individuo no sólo la capacidad para poder expresar todo su mundo interior, sino ayudan a mejorar la capacidad de automodulación de conductas así como la organización del pensamiento. Existen los llamados “periodos críticos” o “ventanas de oportunidad” y éstos se refieren a los periodos en que es posible adquirir ciertas habilidades o destrezas de manera natural, sencilla y perdurable. Si por alguna razón el pequeño perdió ese periodo crítico, no será capaz de utilizar esa habilidad tan bien como debería y no podrá aprenderla apropiadamente. La planificación del tratamiento incluye educación y entrenamiento de los padres, terapias de apoyo tempranas que van más allá de lenguaje, y el sistema motor es también muy importante. El personal de salud involucrado tiene múltiples roles en la prevención, detección, diagnóstico y manejo del niño con problemas de lenguaje.

The language disorders, is one of the most frequent manifestations seen in the pediatric office. The effect of early treatments in language problems impacts in the individual not only in their expression capacity but also in the behavioral modulation and in the thinking organization. The “critical periods” or “opportunity windows” are very important, and are those moments where it’s possible to acquire certain abilities in natural manner, simple and for all time. If for any reason the toddler lost these periods, it will impact in their form to use these capacities, and it’s possible to not acquire well. The treatment planification includes parent education and training, early therapy programs not only as language but to for motor system it´s very important. The personal health group has multiple rolls in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment in kids with language disorders.

[Quality control dose calibrators]. / Control de calidad de activímetros.

We have reviewed the legislation about the quality control of dose calibrator. The importance of verifying the correct work of these instruments, is fundamental in daily practice of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine. The Spanish legislation establishes to include these controls as part of the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals, and the program of quality assurance in nuclear medicine. We have reviewed guides and protocols from international eminent organizations, summarizing the recommended tests and periodicity of them.

[Value of thallium 201-SPECT in typing brain space-occupying lesions]. / Valor de la SPECT con Talio-201 en la tipificación de lesiones ocupantes de espacio intracerebrales.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography with Tl-201 (SPECT Tl-201) to establish the tumoral or non-tumoral nature of brain space occupying lesions in comparison with usual diagnostic techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 37 patients, 24 men (64.9 %) and 13 women (35.1 %), mean age 48 +/- 16 years. After establishing the clinical and radiological diagnosis of brain lesion, all patients underwent SPECT Tl-201, evaluating it only by subjective analysis and blinded to neuroestructural techniques. After surgical resection all patients were evaluated anatomopathologically to establish the histologic nature. RESULTS: The sensitivity of SPECT Tl-201 (0.87) was higher than standard neuroimaging techniques (0.78). Specificity (0.43), positive (0.87) and negative (0.43) predictive values of SPECT were similar to neuroestructural procedures (MRI and CT scan) with 0.43, 0.82 and 0.38 values. Tumoral disease prevalence was 0.81. Neuroestructural procedures were non-conclusive in 18.9 % of the studies. No non-conclusive results were obtained with SPECT Tl-201. CONCLUSIONS: SPECT Tl-201 is a diagnostic procedure of high sensitivity to establish the tumoral nature of brain lesions, with poor specificity, similar to structural X-ray techniques.

Management of the female stimulus during semen collection and its association with libido re-establishment and semen characteristics of goats.

The effect of management of the female stimulus during semen collection and its association with libido re-establishment and the semen characteristics of sexually mature goats was evaluated. Eight 2-yr-old bucks were individually subjected to 12 weekly trials in which one of the following three treatments was applied alternately. In treatment one, each male performed two ejaculations on an estrus-induced, restrained doe and semen was collected with an artificial vagina (AV). In treatment two, males were collected as in the former treatment, but a different doe served as the stimulus female for the second ejaculation. In treatment three, two restrained does were present while collecting each buck, allowing males to choose which female to mount and serve in each of the two collections. Number of mounts before first ejaculation and reaction times (period from introduction of the ram to the test arena to his first ejaculation) were similar among treatments (P > 0.05). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was found for number of mounts performed before achieving the second ejaculation and for latency between ejaculations in the third treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were found for semen volume (0.8+/-0.03, 1.0+/-0.03, and 0.9+/-0.02 mL) or sperm concentration (4.4+/-0.15, 4.6+/-0.13, and 4.4+/-0.86 spermatozoa/mL) among the three treatments or between the first and second collection. However, a trend to decrease volume and concentration was observed. It was concluded that the simultaneous presence of two females while bucks are collected reduced the number of mounts performed before the second ejaculation and the latency between ejaculations.

[Effect of an algae extract and several plant growth regulators on the nutritional value of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. gigant)]. / Efecto de un extracto de algas y varios fitorreguladores sobre el valor nutricional del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. var. gigant).

Four commercial plant-growth (Biofol, Biozyme, Cytokin and Activol) and an extract from algae (AlgaEnzims) were applied at commercial doses in potatoes (S. tuberosum L. var. gigant) with and objective to evaluate its effect on nutritional value (dry-matter, water content, ashes, fat, protein, carbohydrates and assimilable fiber). These parameters were analyzed according to the Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC). The experimental design was in Random Blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replications with 32 lots in total. The statistical analysis was after Random Blocks for all bromatological analyses. The treatment algae in soil gave the highest ash content (6.20). Algae in soil (9.30), algae on foliage (8.90) and Cytokin (8.70) gave the highest values in protein as compared with test (6.20). Carbohydrate content was highest in Biofol (88.21), assimilable fiber was higher in algae in soil and on foliage (5.84) and lowest with Biofol (1.67). Highest fat content in the tuber was obtained with Biozyme and Cytokin and highest protein content with AlgaEnzims. With Activol the highest tuber production is obtained.