[Effect of ultrasound-disintegrated spirochetes on blood coagulation and hemodynamics in chickens]. / Vliianie na dezintegriranite s ultrazvuk spirokheti vurkhu kruvosusirvaneto i khemodinamikata pri pileta.

Blood coagulation tests and histopathologic investigations of birds were carried out following the injection of a suspension of spirochaetes destroyed with ultrasound. It was found that the suspension acted as thromboplastin, causing disseminated intravascular clotting of blood after intravenous injection.

[Age-related dynamics of blood biochemical indices in Black Pied calves]. / Vuzrastova dinamika na niakoi biokhimichni pokazateli na kruvta na teletata ot chernozharenata poroda.

The level of a number of blood indices was followed up in Black-and-white calves from the first day after birth up to the sixth month such as hemoglobin, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, blood sugar, phosphorus, and total, ionized, and protein-bound calcium, with total protein. The calves were clinically normal and were raised in various regions under routinely adopted zoohygiene, technologic, and microclimatic conditions and parameters, and were offered rations that were currently adopted in this country. The dynamic established with the changes of the indices investigated disclosed possibilities of obtaining additional information concerning the state of the animal's organism which proved instrumental in choosing the right prophylaxis in compliance of the respective age period.

[Changes in the toxic, antigenic and immunogenic properties of the O-antigen of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum irradiated with gamma rays]. / Promeni v toksichnite, antigennite i immunogennite svoistva na O-antigena na Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, obluchen s gama luchi.

Studied was the effect of gamma-rays at rates of 1 to 20 MR on the toxic, antigenic, and immunogenic properties of the O-antigen extracted from Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum by the method of Boivin. It was found that the irradiation of aqueous solutions of the O-antigen lowered the toxic, antigenic, and immunogenic capacity with the increase in the dose of treatment. Strongest detoxication of the endotoxin was produced through irradiation at the rate of 10 MR, and especially at 20 MR. The antigenic activity, established through the hyperimmunization of rabbits was expressed best at irradiation rates of 1 and 5 MR. At such treatments the immunogenic capacity remained intact as followed up by the murine protection test.

[Introduction of an additional H-agglutinating test antigen for the differentiation of specific positive reactions in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in poultry experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella enteritidis]. / Vuvezhdane na dopulnitelen H-aglutinirasht test-antigen za diferentsirane na spetsifichnite polozhitelni reaktsii za tifo-puloroza pri ptitsi, eksperimentalno zarazeni sus Salmonella gallinarum-pullurom i Salmonella enteritidis.

Explored were the possibilities to differentiate the specific positive reactions in case of pullorum disease in experimentally infected (Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and Salmonella enteritidis) birds with the use of a typhoid test antigen and two H test antigens, obtained by the routinely employed method with formalin from Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella adeoyo. It was demonstrated that the H-agglutinating antibodies persisted in the peripheral blood of the experimentally infected birds for at least 30 days (as long as the test lasted). The H test antigen of S. enteritidis proved unsuitable to detect the H-agglutinating antibodies only as it retained to a large extent the O antigens. By means of the S. adeoyo H test antigen only the H-agglutinating antibodies in the peripheral blood of S. enteritidis-infected birds could be quickly and precisely demonstrated. A combined serologic examination of serum with the thyphoid test antigen and the S. adeoyo test antigen could be carried out to differentiate the specific positive reactions for establishing pullorum disease from the concomitant agglutination reactions observed in cases of experimental salmonellosis in birds caused by S. enteritidis.

[Comparative study of the antigenic composition of strains of Borrelia anserina. 2. Antigenic structure and immunobiologic relationships of a newly isolated strain]. / Sravnitelni prouchvaniia v'rkhu antigenniia s'stav na shtamove Borrelia anserina. 2. Antigen stroezh i imunobiologichni otnasianiia na novoizoliran shtam

Agar immunoelectrophoresis and an immunofluorescence method were used to analyse antigenically a newly isolated spirochete strain of the Borrelia anserina species. It was established that by its antigen structure it could not be classified under the already described two serologic types, Surnevo I and Pamoukchii. The strain possesses five antigens common to serotype Surnevo I and four antigens common to serotype Pamoukchii. Besides, it has also one typespecific antigen. This strain was said to belong to a new, third serotype named venets.

[Study of methods for obtaining high-titer antispirochete sera]. / Prouchvane na metodi za poluchvane na visokotiturni antispirokhetni serumi

A comparative serologic study was carried out on three methods for immunizing rabbits to obtain high titer antispirochete sera. It was found that the method making use of Freund's adjuvant produces the best immunization effect. Applying the spirochete substrate via the conjunctiva makes it possible to obtain a good immunization effect with the lowest amount of antigen. Using no unspecific stimulating agents it was possible to obtain high titer antispirochete sera combining the conjunctival application with the intravenous injection of the spirochete material.

[Possibilities of differentiation of the specific positive reactions for pullorum disease]. / V'rkhu v'zmozhnostta za diferentsirane na spetsifichnite polozhitelni reaktsii za tifus-pulorozata

Studied were sera obtained from three groups of birds experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum. Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella heidelberg, resp., using the whole serum agglutination reaction, the slow test-tube reaction (at 37 degrees and 50 degrees C), and the agar gel precipitation reaction as modified by Aoki as well as the spot-test of Williams. It was found that with the use of a typhus antigen it is not possible to differentiate the positive coagglutination reactions between Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and the Salmonella bacteria of the B and D serologic groups. Differentiation of the coagglutination reactions between Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and the bacteria of B serologic Salmonella group was effected through exhaustion of the sera with Salmonella-gallinarum pullorum after Castellani, followed by the study with an O-test antigen of Salmonella heidelberg.

[Study of the antigenic makeup of strains of Borrelia anserina, Sakharoff, 1891, of the Surnevo and Pamoukchii serotypes]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu antigenniia sustav na shtamove Borrelia anserina, Sakharoff, 1891, ot serotipove Surnevo i Pamukchii

An antigen analysis of Borrelia anserina strains, belonging to two serotypes, was carried out for the first time by means of direct immunofluorescence microscopy, gel diffusion after Ouchterlony, immunoelectrophoresis as modified by Scheidegger, and whole serum macroagglutination reaction. It was found that the spirochetes of the strain Rouen of Pamoukchii serotype possess eight surface antigens, and those of strain Surnevo I of the same serotype have 6. The two strains were found to have as many as four common surface antigens, on the one hand, and two type-specific antigens each, on the other. Strain Rouen has a heat-resistant type-specific antigen, probably of a polysaccharide nature. Two of the surface antigens of strain Rouen were found to be more deeply bound in strain Surnevo I.