Comparison of the effect of iRoot BP Plus and MTA on direct pulp capping of carious pulp exposed mature permanent teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the clinical efficacy of biological ceramics (iRoot BP Plus ) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in direct pulp capping of mature permanent teeth, to provide referrence for clinical application.@* Methods @# Seventy-four patients with pulp exposure due to deep caries or reversible pulpitis in 75 mature permanent teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two groups. iRoot BP Plus were used as pulp capping agents in the treatment group and MTA were used as pulp capping agents in the control group respectively. The clinical efficacy and imaging analysis were performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Treatment success rate of the two groups were calculated, and the influence of various factors including gender, age, tooth position, cavity, number and size of pulp exposure on the efficacy of direct pulp capping were analyzed. @* Results @#Sixty patients with 61 mature permanent teeth were selected. Twelve mouths after treatment, 61 teeth of 60 patents were completely investigated (iRoot group: 31 teeth 30 patients; MTA group: 30 teeth 30 patients). The success rates of the 2 groups were 90.3% (iRoot BP Plus) and 90.0% (MTA), respectively. There was no statistical difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Statistical analysis also showed that gender, age, tooth position, cavity, number and size of pulp exposure had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). @*Conclusion@# Both iRoot BP Plus and MTA are effective in direct pulp capping of mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure, while the operation of iRoot is simple and convenient.

Learning the representation of surrogate safety measures to identify traffic conflict.

Traffic conflict can be identified by the presence of evasive actions or the amount of temporal (spatial) proximity measures like time-to-collision (TTC). However, it is not enough to use only one kind of measures in some scenarios and it is hard to set a threshold for those measures. This paper proposed a method to identify traffic conflict by learning the representation of TTC and driver maneuver profiles with deep unsupervised learning and clustering the representations into traffic conflict and non-conflict clusters. We first trained a transformer encoder to encode sequences of surrogate safety measures into some latent space with unsupervised pre-training. Second, we identified informative clusters in the latent space by calculating the statistic summaries and visualizing trajectory pairs of each cluster. Some clusters are interpreted as traffic conflict clusters because they have small TTC, large deceleration rate and intertwining trajectories and they can be further interpreted as rear-end or angle conflicts. Moreover, the identified traffic conflicts contain critical conditions from the two vehicles in an interaction and one vehicle perceives them as abnormal and takes evasive action to avoid crashes.

Pulpal Tissue Inflammatory Reactions after Experimental Pulpal Exposure in Mice.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish a stable experimental mice pulpal inflammatory model and to evaluate inflammatory reactions of pulpal tissue after pulpal exposure. METHODS: Pulpal inflammation was induced in 80 C57BL/6 mice by occlusal exposure of the pulp of the maxillary first molar. The mice were sacrificed randomly at 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after pulpal exposure. Mice without pulpal exposure served as controls. Maxillary teeth were obtained and prepared for histologic analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS: As the duration of pulpal exposure increases, the inflammatory reaction is exacerbated. Within 6 to 12 hours after pulpal exposure, pulp tissues experienced red blood cell extravasation to the destruction of the odontoblast layer. After 24 hours, necrosis was observed in the pulpal tissue; until 72 hours, necrosis spread to the whole coronal pulpal tissue, and a large number of inflammatory cells were found in the radicular pulpal tissue. The results of histomorphologic scores have the same trend; samples from the 72-hour group possessed the highest score followed by samples from other groups (P < .01). The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines increased over the 72 hours, and there was a high rate of inflammatory cytokine expression at 6 and 12 hours after pulpal exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study represents a stable mice model for studying pulpal inflammation in vivo. Mouse pupal inflammation progresses rapidly, with dramatic changes evident in just a few hours.