Associations between left-behind children's characteristics and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional study from China.

BACKGROUND: Parent-child separation poses a significant challenge for left-behind children (LBC). However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the correlation between left-behind characteristics and the psychological symptoms of LBC. This study investigated psychological symptoms among LBC and explored associations between left-behind characteristics and those symptoms. METHODS: Using stratified cluster sampling, 1,832 LBC aged 13-18 years from three cities in East China were selected for analysis. Participants' depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and the General Anxiety Disorder 7, respectively. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences in detection rates of psychological symptoms among LBC in different groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to infer associations between left-behind characteristics and psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Depression and anxiety symptoms were detected in 32.86% and 33.24%, respectively, of participating LBC. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in detection rates of depression symptoms by sex, grade, and timing of parent-child separation. Statistically significant differences were observed in anxiety symptom rates by sex, grade, type of caregiver, and timing of mother-child separation. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive association between LBC's anxiety symptoms and mother-child separation that occurred during post-primary school, and type of caregiver (father only or mother only). Our findings confirm a positive association between left-behind characteristics and anxiety symptoms among LBC. CONCLUSION: The timing of mother-child separation and type of caregiver are potential risk factors for the development of anxiety symptoms in this population.

Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency and muscle strength: results from a sample of Chinese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Although sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has become an important and widespread concern, there are few studies on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency and muscle strength in Chinese adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency and muscle strength in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A stratified whole-group sampling method was used to survey 25,893 adolescents aged 13-15 years old in China for sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency and muscle strength for grip strength and standing long jump. The subjects' basic information, body mass index (BMI), and covariates were investigated. The association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency and muscle strength was analyzed by multivariate logisitc regression analysis. RESULTS: The proportions of Chinese adolescents who consumed sugar-sweetened beverage ≥ 3 times/week, 1-2 times/week, and < 1 time/week were 12.23%, 52.79%, and 34.98%, respectively. The differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency were statistically significant when compared across gender, parental education, duration of physical activity, snacks, and mode of commuting to school (χ2 values = 228.570, 51.422, 275.552, 3165.656, 10.988, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that overall Chinese adolescents with sugary drinks 1-2 times/week (OR = 1.207, 95% CI:1.132-1.287) and sugary drinks ≥ 3 times/week (OR = 1.771, 95% CI:1.611-1.947) were associated with lower muscle strength compared to sugary drinks < 1 time/week showed a positive association (P < 0.01). The same trend was found for boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Chinese adolescents' sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is common, and high-frequency sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with lower muscle strength. In the future, we should control the use of sugar-sweetened beverages and increase muscular strength training in Chinese adolescents to promote healthy growth.

Association of Soyfoods or Soybean Products Consumption with Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

There is a strong association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and adolescent health, but there are few studies on the association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. To this end, this study investigated the association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese university students and analyzed the association between them. A three-stage stratified whole-group sampling method was used to administer questionnaires on soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms to 7742 university students in China. Self-assessment questionnaires were also administered to confounding variables such as basic demographic information, family status, parental education, body mass index (BMI), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association and differences between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. The proportion of Chinese university students' soyfoods or soybean products consumption in ≤one time/week, two-four times/week, and ≥five times/week were 38.81%, 40.24%, and 20.95%, respectively. University students' psychological symptoms problem detection rate was 16.22%. The detection rate of psychological symptoms was lower among university male students (14.75%) than female students (17.35%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.525, p < 0.01). After adjusting for relevant covariates, students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≤one time/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI:1.52, 2.21) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms compared to university students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≥five time/week (p < 0.01). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese university students had lower consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and a higher detection rate of psychological symptoms. There was a negative association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. Our study provides a scientific reference for the government and educational decision-making authorities and suggests that education on eating behavior and dietary guidance should be emphasized among university students in the future to maintain a reasonable consumption of soyfoods or soybean products for better physical and mental health development.

Correlation between physical fitness condition and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between adolescents physical fitness and depressive symptoms, and to provide reference for the early prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms and improvement of physical fitness in Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2021, a total of 8 102 adolescents were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to investigate the depressive symptoms, and completed grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m running, modified sitting forward flexion, 20 s repeated traverse, 30 s sit ups, 20 m round trip running (20 m SRT) test. χ 2 test, Goodman Kruskal Gamma and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between physical fitness index(PFI) and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents with high level PFI was 23.4%, and the detection rate of low level adolescents was 26.3%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=6.73, P =0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between PFI and depressive symptoms in the high school group ( G=0.09, P <0.05) and the boy group ( G=0.12, P < 0.05 ), and there was no significant association between PFI and depressive symptoms in the junior high school group and the girl group ( P >0.05). After adjusting for gender and age in the Logistic regression model, compared with those with high PFI, the risk of depressive symptoms in those with low PFI was 1.18 times (95% CI =1.05-1.33).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Adolescents with low PFI are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those with high PFI.

Correlations between muscle strength and psychological health in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Studies indicate that muscle strength is associated with good mental health. However, it remains unclear whether muscle strength is directly correlated with psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Given the declining muscle strength and worrying mental health status of Chinese adolescents, the present study aimed to estimate the correlation between muscle strength and psychological symptoms as well as explore the gender differences in those correlations in Chinese adolescents. Method: From April to July 2018, a total of 14,344 Chinese adolescents from eight provinces were selected using a stratified clustered sampling method. Psychological symptoms were evaluated using the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA), a verified and validated questionnaire that assesses three psychological areas: emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms, and social adaptation difficulties. Muscle strength was assessed using grip strength, sit-ups, and standing long jump. The Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of the different categories of psychological symptoms. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations between muscle strength and psychological symptoms and explore the gender differences in those correlations in Chinese adolescents. Results: In general, the detection rate of psychological symptoms for Chinese adolescents was 21.39%. Males had a higher detection rate of psychological symptoms (22.12%) than females (20.66%, p < 0.05). Psychological symptoms were present in significantly fewer Chinese adolescents with a muscle strength index >P75 (19.26%) than among Chinese adolescents with a muscle strength index ≤P25 (23.00%) (χ2 = 23.417, p < 0.01). Compared with females, the OR values for males in most groups were over one (OR = 1.04-1.43), indicating that males have a higher risk of psychological symptoms than females. Conclusions: The psychological symptom detection rate of Chinese adolescents is correlated with muscle strength. Psychological symptoms were more correlated to muscle strength in males than in females. The significance of the present study lies in the important insights for integrated mental and physical fitness intervention strategies that promote muscle strength and psychological symptoms simultaneously.

Association between Physical Fitness Index and Psychological Symptoms in Chinese Children and Adolescents.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between different physical fitness indices (PFIs) and psychological symptoms and each dimension (emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms, social adaptation difficulties) of Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 7199 children and adolescents aged 13−18 in Jiangxi Province, China, were tested for grip strength, standing long jump, sit-ups, sit and reach, repeated straddling, 50 m run, 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT) items. The physical fitness indicators were standardized, converted to Z score and added up to obtain the PFI, and the self-assessment of the psychological section of the multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents (MSQA) to test the psychological symptoms, using the chi-square test to determine the psychological symptoms of different types of children and adolescents and binary logistic regression analysis to determine the association between psychological symptoms and different PFI grades. Results: The higher the PFI of Chinese children and adolescents, the lower the detection rate of psychological symptoms, emotional symptoms and social adaptation difficulties, from 25.0% to 18.4%, 31.3% to 25.7% and 20.1% to 14.4%, respectively. These results were statistically significant (χ2 = 14.073, 9.332, 12.183, p < 0.05). Taking the high-grade PFI as a reference, binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Generally, compared with the high-grade PFI, children and adolescents with a low-grade PFI (OR = 1.476, 95% CI: 1.200−1.814) or medium-grade PFI (OR = 1.195, 95% CI: 1.010−1.413) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The lower the PFI of Chinese children and adolescents, the higher the detection rate of psychological symptoms, showing a negative correlation. In the future, measures should be taken to improve the physical fitness level of children and adolescents in order to reduce the incidence of psychological symptoms and promote the healthy development of children and adolescents.

Association between mental health and executive dysfunction and the moderating effect of urban-rural subpopulation in general adolescents from Shangrao, China: a population-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between mental health and executive dysfunction in general adolescents, and to identify whether home residence and school location would moderate that association. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: A subsample of the Shanghai Children's Health, Education, and Lifestyle Evaluation-Adolescents project. 16 sampled schools in Shangrao city located in downstream Yangtze River in southeast China (December 2018). PARTICIPANTS: 1895 adolescents (48.8% male) which were divided into three subpopulations: (A) adolescents who have urban hukou (ie, household registration in China) and attend urban schools (UU, n=292); (B) adolescents who have rural hukou and attend urban schools (RU, n=819) and (C) adolescents who have rural hukou and attend rural schools (RR, n=784). MEASURES: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess adolescent mental health symptoms, and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (parent form) was applied to measure adolescent executive dysfunction in nature setting. RESULTS: Mental health symptoms were common (depression: 25.2%, anxiety: 53.0%, stress: 19.7%) in our sample, and the prevalence rates were lower among UU adolescents than those among the RR and RU, with intersubgroup differences in screen exposure time explaining most of the variance. We found the three types of symptoms were strongly associated with executive dysfunction in general adolescents. We also observed a marginal moderating effect of urban-rural subgroup on the associations: UU adolescents with depression (OR 6.74, 95% CI 3.75 to 12.12) and anxiety (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.86 to 16.66) had a higher executive dysfunction risk when compared with RR youths with depression (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 4.12) and anxiety (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rural adolescents experienced more mental health symptoms, whereas urban individuals with mental health problems had a higher executive dysfunction risk.

Associations between Physical Fitness Index and Body Mass Index in Tibetan Children and Adolescents in Different High-Altitude Areas: Based on a Study in Tibet, China.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between physical fitness index (PFI) and body mass index (BMI) of Tibetan children and adolescents in different high-altitude areas in Tibet, China. Methods: Using the stratified cluster sampling method, 3819 Tibetan children and adolescents from three different high-altitude areas including Nyingchi, Lhasa and Nagqu in the Tibet area of China were given grip strength, standing long jump, sitting forward bend, 50 m running and endurance running tests. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the physical fitness index in different high-altitude areas. In addition, the method of curve regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PFI and BMI. Results: In general, the level of PFI in Nagqu, Tibet, China was lower than that in Nyingchi and Lhasa, and the levels of girls were generally lower than those of boys. The proportions of malnourished, normal, overweight and obese Tibetan boys in high-altitude areas were 11.8%, 79.7%, and 8.5%; those of girls were 3.3%, 82.3%, and 14.4%, respectively. The curve regression analysis showed that the model fitting of male Nyingchi, Lhasa, Nagqu and female Nyingchi, Lhasa, Nagqu were all significant (F values were 29.697, 34.709, 37.500, 9.123, 9.785, 6.939, p < 0.01). The relationship between BMI and PFI generally showed an inverted "U" curve relationship. Conclusion: The negative impact of overweight and obesity on physical fitness of Tibetan boys in high-altitude areas is significantly higher than that of girls, and the negative impact of overweight and obesity on physical fitness of boys in Lhasa and Nyingchi area is more significant than that in the Nagqu area. In the future, attention should be paid to Lhasa and the occurrence of overweight and obesity among Tibetan boys in Nyingchi area in order to prevent the sharp decline of physical fitness and promote the physical and mental development of Tibetan children and adolescents in high-altitude areas.

Compared With Girls, Boys' Psychological Symptoms Are More Likely to Be Influenced by Lifestyle in Chinese Middle School Students.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between Chinese middle school students' lifestyles and psychological symptoms and compare the differences between genders. Method: Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 14,356 students aged 13-18 years from 8 cities in China were selected as participants. The Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents was used to estimate psychological symptoms. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and psychological symptoms. Results: The psychological symptom detection rate of Chinese middle school students was 21.37%. The detection rate of psychological symptoms for boys was 22.1%, which was significantly higher than for girls (20.64%, χ2 = 4.608, P < 0.05). According to the Logistic regression analysis, factors that have a positive correlation with the demonstration of psychological symptoms (P < 0.01) include: how the students go to school (by foot or on the vehicle) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25); inadequate time for sleep (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.28-1.72); video watching time ≥2 h/d (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13-1.39); never exercise (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 2.07-2.76); never participate in extracurricular exercises (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27-1.66); have breakfast occasionally (OR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.22-1.50); never have breakfast (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.62-2.24); always have snacks (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.44); always drink sugared beverages (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.55); picky with food occasionally (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.33). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between unhealthy lifestyle and the occurrence of psychological symptoms, and boys are more easily influenced by lifestyles than girls.

Association between parents health literacy and health risk behaviors of middle school students in northeast Jiangxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between parents health literacy and health risk behaviors of middle school students, so as to provide theoretical basis for parental health literacy improvement and adolescent health risk behaviors prevention.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 993 middle school students and their parents in northeast Jiangxi Province by multistage stratified random sampling during Jun. to Sept. of 2020. Spearman correlation and generalized linear model were used to explore association between parents health literacy with 5 types of unhealthy behaviors.@*Results@#Generalized linear model analysis showed that after adjusting household economic status and other covariates, parents health literacy was associated with adolescent health risk behaviors, and the scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), health information literacy ( β = -0.06 , 95% CI =-0.08--0.05) were associated with substance abuse and violence among middle school students; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.04--0.01) was associated with adolescent healthy eating behavior; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.05--0.02) was associated with breakfast and exercise in middle school students; chronic disease literacy ( β =0.05, 95% CI =0.00-0.09), health information literacy ( β =-0.02, 95% CI =-0.03--0.00) was associated with screen related behavior of middle school students; scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), basic medical literacy ( β =-0.08, 95% CI =-0.13--0.04), health information literacy ( β =0.02, 95% CI =0.00-0.03) were associated with middle school students traffic safety behavior( P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#There is a certain cross sectional correlation between parents health literacy and adolescent health risk behaviors. It is necessary to clarify the direction and intensity of the correlation in the cohort study.

Correlation between left behind expericences with depressive and anxiety symptoms of left behind middle school stutents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between left behind experiences due to work migration of parents with depressive and anxiety symptoms among left behind middle school stutents, to provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate intervention policies for mental health of left behind children.@*Methods@#The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2 160 children in Poyang and Guangfeng Counties of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province from April to June, 2019. Finally, 776 left behind children aged 13 to 18 were selected. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms. Family characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of left behind children were investigated by questionnaire.@*Results@#In terms of gender, the detection rates of both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were higher in girls than in boys. In terms of age, the detection rates of depressive symptoms (43.2%) and anxiety symptoms (39.9%) in left behind children in high school (16-18 years old) were higher than those in middle school (13-15 years old)( 27.3 % and 33.0%). The detection rate of depressive among left behind children significantly differet in sexual, gender ( χ 2= 10.48 , 21.08); the detection rate of anxiety symptoms among left behind children significantly different in sexual, maternal occupation, and paternal educational background ( χ 2=8.66, 5.30, 8.35) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Parent child separation is associated with depressive symptoms in left behind middle school stutents. Mental health of children in middle school stutents is of great significance to the prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms in left behind children.

Effects of takeout food consumption on overweight and obesity among college students in Jiangxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between takeout food consumption and overweight and obesity among college students in Jiangxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for overweight and obesity prevention and control among college students and standardizing and managing the present situation of takeout food.@*Methods@#From May to June 2018, 2610 college students were randomly selected from a university in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. The Chi-square and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the influences of frequency and type of takeout food consumption on overweight and obesity in college students.@*Results@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male students (7.7%) was significantly higher than that among female students (4.1%) (χ2=12.02，P<0.01), and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students was statistically significant (χ2=12.54, P<0.01). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (8.8%) among college students from relatively wealthy families was higher than that of other groups. College students who ordered takeout and fast food were 1.8 times more overweight and 1.59 times more obese.@*Conclusion@#Regular consumption of takeout food and the type of takeout food, such as "Fast Food Bento", increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Improved healthy takeout food awareness and appropriate practices should be strengthened.

Beverages consumption, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: a latent variable mediation model / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of sleep quality in the association between beverages consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students, and to provide a theoretical reference for preventing and reducing depression symptoms.@*Methods@#This school-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 4 624 university students from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces of China. The patient health questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） was used to assess sleep quality, and a self-reported dietary frequency questionnaire was used to measure beverages consumption. The quantile regression model was used to association analysis, and the latent variable mediation model was used to analyze the mediation effect.@*Results@#The positive rates of mild, moderate, moderate to severe and severe depression in 4 624 university students were 31.4%, 7.5%, 4.1% and 2.0%, respectively. There was a significant association between the beverages consumption score, the PSQI score, and the PHQ-9 score( P <0.01). The higher the quantile of the beverage consumption and PSQI score, the greater the regression coefficient ( β ), and a significant dose-response relationship was observed( P <0.01). In the latent variable mediation model of beverages consumption associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese university students, the mediating effect value of sleep quality was 0.12, and the ratio of mediating effect to total effect was 71.3%.@*Conclusion@#Our study demonstrates that poor sleep quality partially mediates the association between beverages consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students.

Interaction effects between the dietary behaviors and the type of caregivers on their overweight or obesity among left-behind children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between interaction effects of dietary behaviors and caregivers s type on overweight or obesity among left-behind children, and to provide a reference for overweight or obesity prevention among the left-behind children.@*Methods@#From October to December 2018, 877 left-behind children aged 7-18 years were randomly selected from a stratified cluster in county, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province.Type of caregives, dietary behavior, health status were collected from questionnaires, height, weight were examined.@*Results@#The detection rate of overweight and obesity in left-behind children was 21.7%(190/877), and the rate of overweight and obese left-behind children with other foster parents was 29.8%(158/530), higher than the rate of 16.2%(32/198). The detection rate of overweight and obesity of left-behind children who consumed high level of western fast food was 59.0%(59/100). There were significant differences in rate of overweight and obesity by type of caregiver and western food consumption. Regression analysis showed that the detection rate of overweight and obesity of left-behind children who often ate western fast food was 5.70 times(95%CI=3.62-8.99) high than that of those who seldom ate western fast food. Interaction analysis showed that the interaction(synergistic effect) of the type of adopter × whether the adopter often ate western fast food(father or mother × yes) presents a positive multiplying interaction(synergistic effect). Left-behind children under paternal or maternal care together with high western fast food consumption greatly increased the risk of overweight and obesity(OR=6.94, 95%CI=2.76-17.44).@*Conclusion@#Frequent consumption of western fast food together with one parent stay at home is associated with overweight and obesity of left-behind children. These two factors have a synergistic effect, which greatly increases the risk of overweight and obesity of left-behind children. In other words, their interaction is a major risk factor.

Lifestyle and obesity of migrant children in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the correlation of lifestyle with obesity among migrant children in Shanghai and to provide reference for preventing and controlling obesity of the migrant children.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling was adopted to conduct a routine physical examination and investigate lifestyle among 3 894 students (7-13 years old) in June 2018. Association of lifestyle with obesity was analyzed. Chi-square test was used to compare differences in obesity prevalence among migrant children with different lifestyles. Logistic regression was used to explore association with lifestyle and obesity.@*Results@#Chi-square test showed that obesity rate in males (18.6%) was significantly higher than that of females(10.7%)(χ2=24.79, P<0.01). Sleep duration, screen time, exercise frequency correlated with obesity(χ2=35.13, 9.29, 7.98, P<0.05). Regression results illustrated that insufficient sleep duration associated higher risk of obesity, the odds ratio for obesity was (OR=2.61, 95%CI=1.64-4.11) and (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.27-1.86) among children with sleep duration less than 6 h/d and 6-8 h/d, compared with children with more than 8 h/d sleep time, after multiple covariates controlled.@*Conclusion@#Sleep deprivation positively associated with obesity, ensuring adequate sleep time might help prevent obesity among migrant children.

Analysis of the current situation and related factors of beverage consumption in college sports specialty / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To study the consumption status of sports drinks in colleges and universitiesand its influencing factors,so as to provide the scientific basis for conducting nutrition education and making interventional measures.@*Methods@#2 610 college students from arts school, PE school and Chemistry and Environmental Science Institute of a university in Shangrao city, Jiangxi Province were randomly selected by random cluster sampling method to investigate the frequency and types of drinking beverages.@*Results@#In terms of gender, apart from lactic acid drinks, there was significant statistical significance in whether men and women regularly consumed beverages (fruit and vegetable juice drinks, χ2=24.20;Tea beverage, χ2=45.58;Carbonated beverage, χ2=57.27;Energy drink χ2=86.68, P<0.01).In addition to lactic acid drinks, there was statistically significant difference in whether the college regularly consumed beverages (fruit and vegetable juice drinks, χ2=54.72;Tea beverage, χ2=25.97;Carbonated beverages, χ2=46.64;Energy drinks χ2=74.81, P<0.01).In terms of family residence, only tea beverage (χ2=25.97) and carbonated beverage (χ2=46.64) had statistical significance（P<0.01）. In terms of monthly living expenses, all beverage types had statistical significance (milk beverage, χ2=11.69;Fruit and vegetable juice beverage, χ2=18.92;Tea beverage, χ2=20.09;Carbonated beverages,χ2=29.98;Energy drink χ2=17.71, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that apart from lactic beverages, male students were more likely to consume fruit and vegetable juice, tea beverage, carbonated drinks and functional drinks than female students(OR=1.60, 2.38, 2.50, 4.95, P<0.01); The students in PE school were more likely to consume lactic beverages and functional drinks than those in Arts school, while the students in Chemistry and environmental science institute were less likely to consume fruit and vegetable juice, tea beverage, carbonated drinks and functional drinks than those in Art school (OR=1.29, 2.19, 0.43, 0.50, 0.42, 0.42, P<0.05); The students who spent >1 500 yuan monthly were more likely to consume lactic beverages, fruit and vegetable juice, tea beverage, carbonated drinks than those spent <1000 yuan monthly, and they consumed more functional than those spent<1 000 yuan monthly(OR=1.68, 1.75, 1.73, 2.15, 1.69, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The students of different characters have different kinds of beverages. Therefore, health education should focus on male students who spend <1 500 monthly, and targeted measures should be taken to help college students build up a reasonable concept of beverage consumption so as to promote the formation of a scientific behavior of beverage consumption.