Research on the influence of team psychological capital on team members' work performance.

Team psychological capital is the positive psychological state of a team and has a positive impact on the human resource management and performance management of the team. Team members' work performance, as a component of team performance, has an important impact on improving team performance. However, there is less cross-level impact analysis between the two. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanisms of the cross-level effects of team psychological capital on members' performance. A paired questionnaire survey was administered to 387 human resource management team members from 86 human resource management teams across China, and SPSS 22.0, AMOS 23.0, and HLM 6.08 software were used to analyze the questionnaire data at the same level and across levels. The test shows that the cross-level positive effect of team psychological capital on team members' work performance is established, and the cross-level mediating role of team members' psychological capital and team support between the two is established. It enriches the cross-level research from team to individual, refines and enriches the research on the impact of team psychological capital on individual behavior, and provides new ideas for team management in companies. Therefore, when conducting team management, enterprises can enhance team members' psychological capital by improving team psychological capital, thereby improving team members' work performance and team efficiency.

Surface Morphology Evolution during Chemical Mechanical Polishing Based on Microscale Material Removal Modeling for Monocrystalline Silicon.

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is widely adopted as a key bridge between fine rotation grinding and ion beam figuring in super-smooth monocrystalline silicon mirror manufacturing. However, controlling mid- to short-spatial-period errors during CMP is a challenge owing to the complex chemical-mechanical material removal process during surface morphology formation. In this study, the nature of chemical and mechanical material removal during CMP is theoretically studied based on a three-system elastic-plastic model and wet chemical etching behavior. The effect of the applied load, material properties, abrasive size distribution, and chemical reaction rate on the polishing surface morphology is evaluated. A microscale material removal model is established to numerically predict the silicon surface morphology and to explain the surface roughness evolution and the source of nanoscale intrinsic polishing scratches. The simulated surface morphology is consistent with the experimental results obtained by using the same polishing parameters tested by employing profilometry and atomic force microscopy. The PSD curve for both simulated surface and experimental results by profilometry and atomic force microscopy follows linear relation with double-logarithmic coordinates. This model can be used to adjust the polishing parameters for surface quality optimization, which facilitates CMP manufacturing.

Intestinal changes associated with nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans larvae: Histological damage, immune response, and microbiota dysbiosis.

Nitrite is a ubiquitous toxic compound in aquatic ecosystems and has negative effects on aquatic organisms. The intestine and the trillions of microbes that inhabit it, play an integral role in maintaining digestive and immune functions. However, the effects of nitrite on intestinal health and microflora have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the response of intestinal histology, immunity, digestive enzyme activities and microbiota to nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. The results showed that nitrite caused damage to the intestine and impaired digestive performance. Significant changes in the transcriptional profiles of genes involved in oxidative stress (sod, gpx and hsp), inflammation, and immunity (socs3, il-27, il-1ß and il-17d) were observed in the NO2-N treatment groups. In addition, exposure to nitrite induced alterations of intestinal microbial diversity, structure and composition, suggesting that nitrite may lead to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is noteworthy that probiotics (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria) were decreased after exposure to nitrite, whereas potentially opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were elevated. Functional prediction and correlation analysis suggested that the above changes may interfere with metabolic function and trigger various diseases. Taken together, we concluded that nitrite exposure induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which may lead to immune dysfunction and metabolic disorder, and ultimately to histological damages in B. gargarizans. Further, this study will provide a scientific basis for further understanding the risk of nitrite pollution on the intestinal health of amphibians.

Effects of Application of Pig Manure on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Rice.

Pig manure (PM) is often highly enriched in heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn, due to the wide use of feed additives. To study the potential risks of heavy metal accumulation in the soil and rice grains by the application of PM and other organic manure, a four-year field experiment was conducted in the suburb of Shanghai, southeast China. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the soils and rice plants by the treatments of PM and fungal culturing residues (FCR) show a trend of annual increase. Those in the soils and rice by the PM treatment are raised even more significantly. Cu and Zn contents in the soil and rice roots by the PM are significantly higher than those by the non-fertilizer control (CK) during the four years, and Pb and Cd also significantly higher than CK in the latter two years. Heavy metals taken up by the rice plants are mostly retained in the roots. Cu and Zn contents in the rice plants are in the decreasing order of roots > grains > stems > leaves, and Pb and Cd in the order of roots > stems > leaves > grains. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd contents in the soils by the PM treatment increase by 73%, 32%, 106%, and 127% on annual average, and those in the brown rice by 104%, 98%, 275%, and 199%, respectively. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the brown rice of the treatments are significantly correlated with those in the soils and rice roots (p < 0.05), suggesting the heavy metals accumulated in the rice grains come from the application of PM and FCR. Though the contents of heavy metals in the brown rice during the four experimental years are still within the safe levels, the risks of their accumulative increments, especially by long-term application of PM, can never be neglected.

Quantitative design and analysis of marine environmental monitoring networks in coastal waters of China.

The quality of seawater needs to be continuously monitored due to its effect on human life and natural ecosystems. However, the balance of the extent, spatial pattern and maintenance costs of marine environmental monitoring remains a challenging issue which is crucial for decision-makers. The main contribution of this work suggests taking advantage of two minimization criteria (TMC: integrating minimization of Kriging variance and minimization of relative error at a given confidence level) to improve the design and optimization of a marine environmental monitoring network. To achieve this purpose, the spatial simulated annealing (SSA) method is applied to identify the best locations for monitoring network optimization. For the case study, phosphate (PO4) is used as an indicator to characterize the seawater quality in northern coastal waters of Zhejiang Province, China. The 122 existing sites have redundancies (about 78 sites) that can be effectively identified and removed to reduce costs with the given relative error (less than 10%) and confidence level (95%). Some new sites can be added and adjusted to improve the quality of costal environmental monitoring based on quantitative analysis. In addition, the relationship between the number of the monitoring sites and monitoring precision is analyzed. The results suggest that the present method using TMC can provide a scientific basis for marine environmental monitoring and management.