Impacts of long-term chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil quality, crop yield, and greenhouse gas emissions: With insights into post-lime application responses.

The improvement in the agricultural production through continuous and heavy nutrient input like nitrogen fertilizer under the upland red soil of south China deteriorates soil quality, and this practice in the future could threaten future food production and cause serious environmental problems in China. This research is initiated with the objectives of evaluating the impacts of long-term chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil quality, crop yield, and greenhouse gas emissions, with insights into post-lime application responses. Compared to sole application of chemical nitrogen fertilization, combined application with lime increased soil indicators (pH by 6.30 %-7.76 %, Ca2+ by 90.06 %-252.77 %, Mg2+ by 184.47 %-358.05 %, available P by 5.05 %-30.04 %, and soil alkali hydrolysable N by 23.49 %-41.55 %. Combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilization with lime (NPCa (0.59), NPKCa (0.61), and NKCa (0.27) significantly improved soil quality index compared to the sole application of chemical nitrogen fertilization (NP (0.31), NPK (0.36), and NK (0.16). Compared to sole application of chemical nitrogen fertilization, combined application with lime increased grain yield by 48.36 %-61.49 %. Structural equation modeling elucidated that combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilization and lime improved wheat grain yield by improving soil quality. Exchangeable Ca2+, exchangeable Mg2+, pH, and exchangeable Al3+ were the most influential factors of wheat grain yield. Overall, the combined application of chemical nitrogen fertilization and lime decreased global warming potential (calculated from N2O and CO2) by 16.92 % emissions compared to the sole application of chemical nitrogen fertilization. Therefore, liming acidic soil in upland red soil of South China is a promising management option for improved soil quality, wheat grain yield, and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia screening in women from the largest center for lower genital tract disease in China.

This study aimed to provide comprehensive clinical screening data for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). This study included 312 patients who underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) examinations between January 1, 2020 and April 15, 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, clinical history, cytology/high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) results, and HRA records, were analyzed. The median age of all patients was 42 years (interquartile range: 33-52 years). Approximately 26.3% reported a history of VIN2/3+, 13.5% had a history of VaIN2/3+, 29.8% had a history of CIN2/3+, 44.6% had persistent cervical HPV16 infection, and 12.5% had immune suppression. Among the 312 patients, 14.4% were diagnosed with AIN2/3, 25.0% with AIN1 and 60.6% were normal. Anal cytological abnormalities were found in 41.3% of all patients, with a significantly higher rate in AIN2/3 patients than in ≤AIN1, 71.1% versus 36.3%, p < 0.001. The hrHPV positivity rate was 89.7%, with HPV16 being the most prevalent. The complete agreement rate for HRA impressions was 79.5%. Multi-variable analysis revealed immune suppression (odds ratio [OR]: 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-8.5) and VIN2/3+ (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.27-6.28) were independent risk factors for AIN2/3. Abnormal cytology results (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.52-7.17) and anal HPV16 infection (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.26-8.12) demonstrated similar ORs for AIN2/3. Early screening for AIN2/3+ is crucial in Chinese women with lower genital tract precancerous and cancerous lesions, particularly in those with VIN2/3+ and immune suppression.

No causal association between pneumoconiosis and three inflammatory immune diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objectives: To investigate the causal relationships between pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and gout. Methods: The random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was utilized to explore the causal effects of the instrumental variables (IVs). Sensitivity analyses using the MR-Egger and weighted median (WM) methods were did to investigate horizontal pleiotropy. A leave-one-out analysis was used to avoid the bias resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results: There was no causal association between pneumoconiosis and SLE, RA or gout in the European population [OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.94-1.10, p = 0.74; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, p = 0.50; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, p = 0.55]. Causal relationships were also not found in pneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other mineral fibers and SLE, RA and gout [OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96-1.07, p = 0.66; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p = 0.68; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p = 0.20]. Conclusion: Our study suggests that pneumoconiosis may have no causal relationship with the three inflammatory immune diseases.

Unravelling the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Nanometer-Thick Carbon Nitride Layer.

Matching the thickness of the graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanolayer with the charge diffusion length is expected to compensate for the poor intrinsic conductivity and charge recombination in CN for photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). Herein, the compact CN nanolayer with tunable thickness is in situ coated on carbon fibers. The compact packing along with good contact with the substrate improves the electron transport and alleviates the charge recombination. The PEC investigation shows CN nanolayer of 93 nm-thick yields an optimum photocurrent of 116 µA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, comparable to most micrometer-thick CN layers, with a low onset potential of 0.2 V in 1 m KOH under 1 sun illumination. This optimum performance suggests the electron diffusion length matches with the thickness of the CN nanolayer. Further deposition of NiFe-layered double hydroxide enhanced the surface water oxidation kinetics, delivering an improved photocurrent of 210 µA cm-2 with IPCE of 12.8% at 400 nm. The CN nanolayer also shows extended potential in PEC organic synthesis. This work experimentally reveals the PEC behavior of the nanometer-thick CN layer, providing new insights into CN in the application of energy and environment-related fields.

Ultrafine Ni-MoOx Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets: A Highly Efficient Noble-Metal-Free Catalyst for Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis.

The development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is still a challenging technology. Herein, ultrafine MoOx-doped Ni nanoparticles (~3.0 nm) were anchored on g-C3N4@glucose-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets via a phosphate-mediated method. The strong adsorption of phosphate-mediated nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (PNCS) for metal ions is a key factor for the preparation of ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the alkaline environment formed by the reduction of metal ions removes the phosphate from the PNCS surface to generate P-free (P)NCS so that the phosphate does not participate in the subsequent catalytic reaction. The synthesized Ni-MoOx/(P)NCS catalysts exhibited outstanding catalytic properties for the hydrolysis of AB, with a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of up to 85.7 min-1, comparable to the most efficient noble-metal-free catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalyst ever reported for catalytic hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. The superior performance of Ni-MoOx/(P)NCS can be ascribed to its well-dispersed ultrafine metal NPs, abundant surface basic sites, and electron-rich nickel species induced by strong electronic interactions between Ni-MoOx and (P)NCS. The strategy of combining multiple modification measures adopted in this study provides new insights into the development of economical and high-efficiency noble-metal-free catalysts for energy catalysis applications.

Catalytic CO Oxidation on the Cu+-Ov-Ce3+ Interface Constructed by an Electrospinning Method for Enhanced CO Adsorption at Low Temperature.

It is crucial to eliminate CO emissions using non-noble catalysts. Cu-based catalysts have been widely applied in CO oxidation, but their activity and stability at low temperatures are still challenging. This study reports the preparation and application of an efficient copper-doped ceria electrospun fiber catalyst prepared by a facile electrospinning method. The obtained 10Cu-Ce fiber catalyst achieved complete CO oxidation at a temperature as low as 90 °C. However, a reference 10Cu/Ce catalyst prepared by the impregnation method needed 110 °C to achieve complete CO oxidation under identical reaction conditions. Asymmetric oxygen vacancies (ASOV) at the interface between copper and cerium were constructed, to effectively absorb gas molecules involved in the reaction, leading to the enhanced oxidation of CO. The exceptional ability of the 10Cu-Ce catalyst to adsorb CO is attributed to its unique structure and surface interaction phase Cu+-Ov-Ce3+, as demonstrated by a series of characterizations and DFT calculations. This novel approach of using electrospinning offers a promising technique for developing low-temperature and non-noble metal-based catalysts.

A Full-Spectrum ZnS Photocatalyst with Gradient Distribution of Atomic Copper Dopants and Concomitant Sulfur Vacancies for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

A rarely discussed phenomenon in the realm of photocatalytic materials involves the presence of gradient distributed dopants and defects from the interior to the surface. This intriguing characteristic has been successfully achieved in the case of ZnS through the incorporation of atomic monovalent copper ions (Cu+) and concurrent sulfur vacancies (Vs), resulting in a photocatalyst denoted as G-CZS1-x. Through the cooperative action of these atomic Cu dopants and Vs, G-CZS1-x significantly extends its photoabsorption range to encompass the full spectrum (200-2100 nm), which improves the solar utilization ability. This alteration enhances the efficiency of charge separation and optimizes Δ(H*) (free energy of hydrogen adsorption) to approach 0 eV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It is noteworthy that both surface-exposed atomic Cu and Vs act as active sites for photocatalysis. G-CZS1-x exhibits a significant H2 evolution rate of 1.01 mmol h-1 in the absence of a cocatalyst. This performance exceeds the majority of previously reported photocatalysts, exhibiting approximately 25-fold as ZnS, and 5-fold as H-CZS1-x with homogeneous distribution of equal content Cu dopants and Vs. In contrast to G-CZS1-x, the H adsorption on Cu sites for H-CZS1-x (ΔG(H*) = -1.22 eV) is excessively strong to inhibit the H2 release, and the charge separation efficiency for H-CZS1-x is relatively sluggish, revealing the positive role of a gradient distribution model of dopants and defects on activity enhancement. This work highlights the synergy of atomic dopants and defects in advancing photoactivity, as well as the significant benefit of the controllable distribution model of dopants and defects for photocatalysis.

Selection and application of highly specific Salmonella typhimurium aptamers against matrix interference.

In practical applications, the structure and performance of aptamers can be influenced by the presence of sample matrices, which interferes with the specific binding between the aptamer and its target. In this work, to obtain aptamer chains resistant to matrix interference, four typical food matrices were introduced as negative selection targets and selection environments in the process of selecting aptamers for Salmonella typhimurium using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. As a result, some highly specific candidate aptamers for Salmonella typhimurium (BB-34, BB-37, ROU-8, ROU-9, ROU-14, ROU-24, DAN-3, NAI-12, and NAI-21) were successfully obtained. Based on the characterization results of secondary structure, affinity, and specificity of these candidate aptamers, ROU-24 selected in the pork matrix and BB-34 selected in the binding buffer were chosen to develop label-free fluorescence aptasensors for the sensitive and rapid detection of the Salmonella typhimurium and verify the performance against matrix interference. The ROU-24-based aptasensor demonstrated a larger linear range and better specificity compared to the BB-34-based aptasensor. Meanwhile, the recovery rate of the ROU-24-based aptasensor in real sample detection (ranging from 94.2% to 110.7%) was significantly higher than that of the BB-34-based aptasensor. These results illustrated that the negative selection of food matrices induced in SELEX could enhance specific binding between the aptamer and its target and the performance against matrix interference. Overall, the label-free fluorescence aptasensors were developed and successfully validated in different foodstuffs, demonstrating a theoretical and practical basis for the study of aptamers against matrix interference.

Mechanism of Ruanmai decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on YWHAZ/p38MAPK/CASP3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of action of Ruanmai decoction in treating atherosclerosis through network pharmacology. Methods The chemical components and targets of Ruanmai decoction were queried using TCMSP. Relevant targets for atherosclerosis were retrieved from DrugBank, GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The " Drug-Active Ingredient-Target" PPI network was constructed using Cyto-scape software. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using the David database. Molecular docking verification of key components with core targets was conducted using the Seesar software. Atherosclerosis mouse models were established by feeding ApoE mice with a high-fat diet, and Ruanmai decoction granules were administered orally. Aortic pathological sections were stained, blood lipids were measured, and immunofluorescence was used to detect Mac2 and YWHAZ protein expression. Western blot was used to detect p-p38MAPK and C-CASP3 protein expression. Results Ruanmai decoction screened a total of 72 active drug components corresponding to 168 target genes for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The targets were primarily enriched in biological processes related to lip-id metabolism, inflammation and immunity, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial function, cell proliferation and apoptosis, glycolysis, and ubiquitination. Signaling pathways such as МАРК, TNF, PDK-Akt, and IL-17 were also involved. Animal experiments verified that RMJ could regulate the p38MAPK signaling pathway by down-regulating key targets YWHAZ, p-p38MAPK, and C-CASP3, thereby reducing AS inflammation and inflammation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Ruanmai decoction can inhibit the expression of YWHAZ and activate the p38MAPK signaling pathway, potentially improving vascular inflammation, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and other pathological processes by regulating the МАРК, TNF, PDK-Akt, and IL-17 signaling pathways, thus preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

Regulatory Mechanism of Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lung cancer is the fastest-growing cancer type in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide， posing a huge threat to the health and life of the population. Radiation therapy is one of the main methods for treating lung cancer， and there is a clear dose-effect relationship between the radiation dose and local control rate of lung cancer. However， the lung is a radiation dose-limiting organ， and the radiation resistance of lung cancer tissues and the radiation damage to normal tissues limit the radiation efficacy for lung cancer. The pathogenesis of lung cancer in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is characterized by an initial deficiency in vital Qi， followed by the internal invasion and gradual accumulation of pathogenic Qi. After radiation therapy for lung cancer， the body's vital Qi becomes weaker， and syndromes of phlegm coagulation， Qi stagnation， and static blood blocking collaterals become more severe， leading to radiation resistance of lung cancer tissues. Therefore， the key issue to better clinical efficacy of radiation therapy for lung cancer patients is to use drugs to enhance the radiation sensitivity of lung cancer cells and improve the radiation tolerance of normal lung tissues. TCM can be used as a radiation sensitizer by regulating the cell cycle to increase the proportion of cells in the radiation-sensitive phase， promoting upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes to induce cell apoptosis， enhancing DNA damage caused by radiation and inhibiting damage repair， improving blood circulation and tissue oxygen supply， and so on， to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation and amplify the toxicity of radiation to tumor tissues. TCM can also be used as a radiation protector by inhibiting cell damage， regulating cytokines and immune balance， reducing the release of inflammatory and fibrotic factors， and inhibiting the activation of related signaling pathways to prevent and treat radiation-induced lung injury. This article systematically reviewed the research results of TCM on radiation sensitization and radiation protection in lung cancer in recent years， aiming to elucidate the mechanism of TCM in regulating the effect of radiation therapy for lung cancer and provide more theoretical and practical basis for TCM to participate in improving the prognosis of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

Comparison of the control effect of corneal refractive therapy with vision shaping treatment designed orthokeratology on corneal morphology myopia at low E-values / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of wearing corneal refractive therapy(CRT)and vision shaping treatment(VST)designed orthokeratology in controlling myopic progression in adolescents with low E-value corneal morphology.METHODS: This prospective study involved 100 cases(100 eyes)of adolescent myopia patients fitted with orthokeratology at our optometry clinic from January 2020 to December 2021. The data of right eye were collected for research, and they were divided into low myopia group(-1.00 to -3.00 D)and moderate myopia group(-3.25 to -5.00 D)according to spherical equivalent, with 50 cases in each group. Each group of patients was further randomly divided into the CRT group and the VST group, with 25 cases in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, axial length(AL), tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal endothelial cell density, corneal staining grading, lens decentration, and refractive power at 15°-30° were measured before and after wearing orthokeratology, with a follow-up duration of 1.5 a.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of CRT and VST subgroups in the low myopia group showed no statistical significance at any time point after wearing orthokeratology. However, in the moderate myopia group, CRT subgroup showed better uncorrected visual acuity than the VST subgroup, with significant differences at 1 d and 1 wk(t=-9.474, -12.067, both P&#x003C;0.01); no significant differences were noted at other time points. After wearing lens for 6 mo and 1.5 a, the AL growth for the CRT subgroup in low and moderate myopia was less than the VST subgroup, with no statistically significant differences. There were no statistically significant differences in binocular BUT and corneal endothelial cell density after wearing lens for 6 mo and 1.5 a. Corneal injury was lower in the CRT subgroup than that in the VST subgroup, but the difference was not statistically significant(Z=-1.803, P=0.071). Lens decentration was significantly better in the CRT subgroup than in the VST subgroup(Z=-4.629, P&#x003C;0.001). In the periphery of the retina at 15°-30°, there were no significant differences in the amount of myopic defocus between the two groups, while it was statistically significant at 1, 3, and 6 mo in the moderate myopia subgroup(t=-3.949, P=0.008; t=-5.833, P&#x003C;0.001; t=-6.231, P&#x003C;0.001), indicating that CRT subgroup could produce a greater amount of myopic defocus.CONCLUSION: For patients with low E-value corneal morphology, CRT, using the vector height at 8 mm on the cornea for fitting, is not limited to the corneal E-value. It shapes faster and improves uncorrected visual acuity after shaping, especially for moderate myopia, achieving better daytime vision. In terms of controlling myopia, CRT fitting elevates return zone depth(RZD), creating a small central optical zone to produce more peripheral myopic defocus. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in controlling AL growth. Both groups showed minimal corneal damage, indicating consistent safety in myopia control.

Hydrophobic Carbon Nitride Nanolayer Enables High-Flux Oil/Water Separation with Photocatalytic Antifouling Ability.

Efficient oil/water separation tackles various issues in occasions of oil leakage and oil discharge, such as environmental pollution, recollection of the oil, and saving the water. Herein, a compact superhydrophobic/superoleophilic graphitic carbon nitride nanolayer coated on carbon fiber networks (CNBA/CF) is designed and synthesized for efficient gravity-driven oil/water separation. The CNBA/CF shows excellent oil absorption and an impressive oil/water filtration separation performance. The flux reaches the state-of-art value of 4.29 × 105 L/m2/h for dichloromethane with separation efficiency up to 99%. Successive oil absorption tests, long-term filtration separation, and harsh conditions experiments confirm the remarkable separation and chemical structure stability of the CNBA/CF filter. Besides, the CNBA/CF demonstrates good photocatalytic antifouling ability thanks to the extended visible light absorption and improved charge separation. This work combines the material surface wettability modulation with a photocatalytic self-cleaning property in the fabrication of efficient oil/water separation materials while overcoming the filter fouling issue.

Efficient and complete dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane over a CoPt catalyst.

Bimetallic CoPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on CeO2 nanorods (CoPt/CeO2) were synthesized by a facile wet-chemistry reduction method, which showed the highest catalytic efficiency reported to date for the complete dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane with a high TOF value of up to 5454 h-1 at 323 K.

Engineering Electronic and Morphological Structure of Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Iron-Doped Ni2P/NC Hollow Polyhedrons for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution.

The rational design of an oxygen electrocatalyst with low cost and high activity is greatly desired for realization of the practical water-splitting industry. Herein, we put forward a rational method to construct nonprecious-metal catalysts with high activity by designing the microstructure and modulating the electronic state. Iron (Fe)-doped Ni2P hollow polyhedrons decorated with nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-Ni2P/NC HPs) are prepared by a sequential metal-organic-framework-templated strategy. Benefiting from the strong electronic coupling, rapid charge-transfer capability, and abundant catalytic active sites, the obtained Fe-Ni2P/NC HPs exhibit an impressive electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an ultralow overpotential of 228 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 33.4 mV dec-1, superior to the commercial RuO2 and most reported electrocatalysts. Notably, this catalyst also shows long durability with an almost negligible activity decay over 210 h for the OER. Combining density functional theory calculations with experiments demonstrates that the doped Fe and the incorporated carbon effectively modulate the electronic structure, enhance the conductivity, and greatly reduce the energy barrier of the rate-determining step in the process of OER. Thus, fast OER kinetics is realized. Moreover, this synthetic strategy can be extended to the synthesis of Fe-NiS2/NC HPs and Fe-NiSe2/NC HPs with excellent OER performance and long-term durability. This work furnishes an instructive idea in pursuit of nonprecious-metal materials with robust electrocatalytic activity and long durability.

Effects and action mechanisms of lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) ethanol extract on gut microbes and obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats.

Objective: The present study aimed to clarify the effect of the lotus leaf ethanol extract (LLEE) on the mechanism of antiobesity and the intestinal microbiota of obese rats. Methods: A total of 40 specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were split into the blank control group, the model control group, the Orlistat capsule control group, and the LLEE group. All the groups were intervened and fed specific diets for 5 months. During the experiment, we evaluated the rats' body weight, length, serum biochemical indicators, and inflammatory factor levels. After dissection, the liver; epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT); and the contents of the cecum were collected for pathological evaluation and intestinal flora analysis. Results: Lotus leaf alcohol extract can significantly reduce the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It also decreases the accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver of rats and the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and increases the level of IL-10. Lotus leaf alcohol extracts significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in the intestinal flora of rats, reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Firmicutes, and relieved fatty liver and other inflammation and diseases caused by a high-fat diet. Besides, the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf significantly regulated the abundance of Ruminococcus, suggesting that the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf may prevent hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: We elucidated the effects and action mechanisms of LLEE on obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats to provide suggestions for regulating intestinal flora through dietary intervention and thus improving blood lipid metabolism.

Replacing Oxygen Evolution with Hydrazine Borane Oxidation for Energy-Saving Electrochemical Hydrogen Production.

Electrochemical water splitting is a green strategy for hydrogen (H2) production but is severely hindered by the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, replacing the sluggish anodic OER with more favorable oxidation reactions is an energy-saving approach for hydrogen production. Hydrazine borane (HB, N2H4BH3) is considered a potential hydrogen storage material due to its easy preparation, nontoxicity, and high chemical stability. Furthermore, the complete electrooxidation of HB has a unique characteristic of a much lower potential compared to that of OER. All these make it an ideal alternative for energy-saving electrochemical hydrogen production, however, which has never been reported so far. Herein, HB oxidation (HBOR)-assisted overall water splitting (OWS) is proposed for the first time for energy-saving electrochemical hydrogen production. The as-synthesized NiCoP@CoFeP nanoneedle array catalyst exhibited superefficient OER, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and HBOR performance. Impressively, NiCoP@CoFeP serves as both anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts for HB-assisted OWS, only requires a low cell voltage of only 0.078 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2, which was 1.4 V lower than that for HB-free OWS, indicating the highly energy-saving H2 production.

Influence of the casing layer on the specific volatile compounds and microorganisms by Agaricus bisporus.

One of the major variables affecting yield of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus is the casing layer, which directly affects the productivity and mass. Here, volatile organic compounds were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community diversity. The relationship between mushroom yield at different cropping stages and the contents of volatile organic compounds and microorganisms in three different casing layers: peat, peat + soil and soil were systematically evaluated. The result shows that Benzaldehyde and (E)-2-octenal which stimulate yield, obviously increased as mushrooms grew, while 3-octanone, which inhibits yield, decreased over time in all three casing layers. However, there was not a strong correlation between the concentration of volatile compounds and yield. In addition, more than 3,000 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by performing high throughput sequencing of the microbes were obtained in the three casing layers. Interestingly, the microbial community compositions were very similar between the three casing layers at a later cropping stage, but the community richness varied significantly in different casing layers and at different cropping stages. At the phylum level, the communities had similar structures but were quantitively very different, and this was even more obvious at the genus level. Principal component analysis revealed significant alterations in microbial community structure in different casing layers. Sphingomonas, Dongia and Achromobacter were the dominant genera at cropping stage 1, and the stage 3 were abundant in Saccharibacteria_norank, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Brevundimonas, which was positively correlated with yield, while the abundance of Pseudomonas at stage 1 and Lactococcus and Bacillus at stage 3 was negatively correlated with yield. These results provide a guide for the development and agricultural application of microbial agents for yield improvement in the production of A. bisporus.

Carbon bowl-confined subnanometric palladium-gold clusters for formic acid dehydrogenation and hexavalent chromium reduction.

Formic acid (FA), a high-value product of CO2 hydrogenation and biomass conversion, is considered a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier for its high hydrogen content, easy accessibility, and relative stability. The development of an efficient heterogeneous catalyst toward FA dehydrogenation and Cr(VI) reduction by FA is needed to boost its sluggish kinetics but still remains a challenge. Herein, uniformly dispersed subnanometric PdAu alloy clusters (i.e., 0.9 nm) were successfully prepared and confined by amine-functionalized carbon bowls (ACB). By virtue of the tiny size and abundant active sites of PdAu clusters, the promotional effect of surface amine groups, and electronic interaction between subnanometric PdAu clusters and support, this as-prepared PdAu/ACB catalyst exhibits superior catalytic property for additive-free FA dehydrogenation (turnover frequency, 10597 h-1 at 323 K) and Cr(VI) reduction (rate constant, 0.47 min-1 at 298 K) under mild conditions, higher than most of the catalysts reported so far. This study offers insight into the design of efficient and durable catalysts for various catalytic applications in energy and environment.

Chromic hydroxide-decorated palladium nanoparticles confined by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica for rapid dehydrogenation of formic acid.

Formic acid (FA), one of the products of biomass conversion and CO2 reduction, has attracted much attention as a renewable liquid hydrogen carrier with a high hydrogen content (4.4 wt%). Searching for efficient catalysts to realize hydrogen evolution from FA are highly desired but challenging. Herein, ultrafine and mono-dispersed Pd-Cr(OH)3 nanoparticles (1.3 nm) loaded on amine-functionalized mesoporous silica (AFMS) have been prepared and applied as an effective catalyst for rapid hydrogen production from additive-free FA. The as-synthesized Pd-Cr(OH)3/AFMS catalysts exhibited efficient catalytic activity and 100% hydrogen selectivity and conversion toward FA dehydrogenation reaction without additives, giving an initial TOF value of 3112 h-1 at 323 K, which is comparable to most of the highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts reported so far under similar reaction conditions. This work provides a feasible idea for the design metal hydroxide-modified Pd-based efficient heterogeneous catalyst, which is expected to enhance the application of FA in fuel cells.

Entinostat, a class I selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, plus exemestane for Chinese patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).