Incidence, risk factors and medical cost of peripheral intravenous catheter-related complications in hospitalised adult patients.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PVCs) are widely used vascular access devices for infusion therapy; however, they are associated with relatively high failure rates. This study aimed to identify the incidence, risk factors and medical costs of PVC-induced complications in adult hospitalised adult patients in China. METHODS: An observational, prospective study on 1069 patients lasting 5 months was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital. RESULTS: Infiltration ranked first among PVC complications with an incidence of 17.8%, followed by occlusion (10.8%) and phlebitis (10.5%). Most complications in phlebitis (88.4%) and infiltration (93.7%) were Grade 1. Catheters left in for over 96 h did not show a higher incidence of complications. Patients from the surgical department were more susceptible to infiltration, phlebitis and occlusion. The 26 gauge (Ga) catheters decreased the risk of phlebitis and occlusion, whereas 24Ga catheters increased infiltration rates. Infusing irritant drugs increased phlebitis and infiltration rates. The presence of comorbidities and non-use of needleless connectors were associated with occlusion. Compared with forearm insertion, the risk of occlusion nearly doubled with the dorsum of the hand insertion and the risk of infiltration tripled with antecubital fossa insertion. Medical treatment costs for PVC complications ranged from 0.3 to 140.0 CNY. CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration is the most common PVC-related adverse event. Clinically-indicated instead of routine replacement of catheters is safe. More efforts are warranted to improve nurses' adherence to recent guidelines in terms of insertion site selection and needleless connector utilisation to reduce medical costs associated with catheter replacement.

Production and application of monoclonal antibodies against ORF66 of cyprinid herpesvirus 2.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV-2)is the main pathogen causing haematopoietic necrosis disease of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), which has caused huge economic losses to aquaculture industry of goldfish and gibel carp around the world. Currently, various detection methods based on nucleic acids have been established for the detection of CyHV-2. However, there is still a lack of rapid and effective immunological detection technology. In this study, anti-CyHV-2 ORF66 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared to use the recombinant ORF66 protein as the antigen. Firstly, the open reading frame of CyHV-2 ORF66 was cloned into the pET-28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Three MAbs (2F11, 2G8, and 3D6) against recombinant ORF66 protein were developed by immunization of Balb/C mice. Among them, MAb-2F11 belonged to the IgG2b isotype, 2G8 and 3D6 belonged to the IgG1 isotype. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the ability of the MAbs to bind to the ORF66 recombinant protein and CyHV-2 nucleocapsid protein ORF66. In addition, the MAb-2F11 was used to detect the virus particles that infected in cell line and tissues of gibel carp virus infection by immunological methods. These results indicated that the anti-CyHV-2 ORF66 MAb-2F11 prepared in this study could not only detect the presence of the virus but also provide a research tool for further studying the role of ORF66 in the process of CyHV-2 infection.

Serum Expression of ESM-1, HMWA, and AGEs and Its Relationship with Disease Severity in Patients with Gestational Hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The research is to investigate the expression and the relationship between serum endothelial cell-specific molecular molecule-1 (ESM-1), high molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA), and late glycosylation terminal product (AGEs) in patients with gestational hypertension. METHODS: 75 patients with pregnant hypertension who were treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the case group, and 70 healthy pregnant women with pregnancy examination at the same period in our hospital were selected as the control group to analyze the changes in serum ESM-1, HMWA, and AGEs levels and the correlation with the degree of illness and their predictive value. RESULTS: Serum ESM-1 and AGEs were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Serum HMWA was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The gestational hypertensive serum ESM-1 and AGEs was significantly lower than in patients with mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. Serum HMWA was significantly higher than in patients with mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. Serum ESM-1 and AGEs of mild preeclampsia were significantly lower than in patients with severe preeclampsia. Serum HMWA was significantly higher than in patients with severe preeclampsia (P < 0.05). The result of correlation analysis shows a positive correlation between serum ESM-1 and AGEs (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between HMWA and the degree of illness (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum ESM-1, HMWA, and AGEs are abnormally expressed in gestational hypertension, are closely related to the degree of condition, and have important clinical significance for condition control.

Potent Neutralizing Humanized Antibody With Topical Therapeutic Potential Against HPV18-Related Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Current prophylactic HPV vaccines have achieved promising success in preventing HPV infection. However, still 570,000 new cases were reported in 2018. The current primary treatment for the patient with cervical cancer is either surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Cervical cancer still lacks standard medical therapy. HPV18 induced cervical cancer has the worst prognosis and high mortality compared to other HPV infections. The development of HPV18 related with cervical malignancy requires the persistent infection of cervical-vaginal epithelium by HPV18 subtype, which can take years to transform the epithelium. This period of repeated infection provides a window for therapeutic intervention. Neutralizing antibodies formulated as topical agents that inhibit HPV18 infection should reduce the chance of cervical malignancy. We previously demonstrated that potent neutralizing anti-sera against HPV18 infection were induced by HPV18 viral like particle (VLP) generated in mammalian cells. We, therefore, isolated two potent neutralizing antibodies, 2A12 and 8H4, from over 3,810 hybridomas prepared from mice immunized with HPV18 VLP. 2A12 and 8H4 exhibited excellent potency, with 50% virus-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.4 and 0.9 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, 2A12 and 8H4 recognized distinct and non-overlapping quaternary epitopes and bound specifically with HPV18. Humanized 2A12 (Hu2A12) retained comparable neutralizing activity against HPV18 infection in various acidic pH settings and in hydrogel formulation with IC50 values of 0.04 to 0.77 ng/ml, indicating that Hu2A12 will be a promising candidate for clinical development as a topical vaginal biopharmaceutical agent against HPV18 infection.

Localization and characterization of hematopoietic tissues in adult sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus.

Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus rely on the efficient innate immune mechanisms against invaders, in which the consumption and regeneration of coelomocytes take place at the same time. In the present study, histological features of putative hematopoietic tissues (HPTs) including the rete mirabile, the respiratory tree, the polian vesicle and the coelomic epithelium were characterized. The distribution of transcription factor GATA1 in coelomocytes and putative HPTs was examined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, cell proliferation using EdU labeling and coelomocyte distribution in different tissues using monoclonal antibody labeling were analyzed to further confirm the HPTs. The results showed that two homologs of GATA1 were detected with molecular weight of 43 and 90 kDa in coelomocytes, rete mirabile, respiratory tree and polian vesicle, whereas no signals were detected in the coelomic epithelium. A few cells were detected to be EdU-positive for coelomocytes, which accounted for approximately 9.5%. In the rete mirabile and the respiratory tree, the EdU signals were strong in cells of the tube wall. In the polian vesicle, numerous EdU-positive cells were detected in the cyst wall. In the coelomic epithelium, little EdU signaling was detected. Immunohistochemistry analysis by mAb 3F6 against A. japonicus coelomocytes showed that positive signals were observed in the tube wall of the rete mirabile, respiratory tree, cyst wall of the polian vesicle and in the coelomocyte antrum of coelomic epithelium. These results suggest that the rete mirabile, respiratory tree and polian vesicle are the HPTs of A. japonicus.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13% of all lung cancer cases. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13% of all lung cancer cases. The purpose of the present article is to assess the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by performing a systematic review of the randomized trials published in the literature. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were identified that compared brain metastases incidence and overall survival between PCI and No PCI in patients with SCLC. Search strategies were limited to the English language and to articles published since 1997, and included: databases searched from 1997 to March 2013 -CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Methodological quality was assessed with the Jadad scale. The main end points were brain metastasis and survival. RESULTS: The review identified 5 trials, although few were of high quality. Two trials reported the one-year incidence of brain metastasis. PCI reduced the incidence of brain metastasis in one year, with a pooled relative risk of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.58; P < 0.00001). Four trials described the one year survival rate. The combined result revealed a significant (P = 0.01) survival benefit in the group assigned to PCI as compared with the control group, with a pooled relative risk of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.97). Three trials reported the three-year survival rate. The combined result revealed a great significant (P < 0.00001) survival benefit in the PCI group as compared with the No PCI group, with a pooled relative risk of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.91). the Five-year survival rate was compared in four trials Compared with the No PCI group, the PCI group had a significant (P < 0.00001) survival benefit with a pooled relative risk of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review indicates that PCI decreases brain metastases incidence and that PCI improves survival in SCLC patients. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be part of standard care for all patients with small-cell lung cancer who have a response to initial chemotherapy, and it should be part of the standard treatment in future studies involving these patients.

Overexpression of her-2 associated with the progression of esophageal cancer patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to test the expression level of her-2 in the tissue of esophageal cancer, and the relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients with esophageal cancer, and the influence to the prognosis. METHODOLOGY: We assessed her-2 in esophageal cancer tissues obtained from 72 patients' immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by SPSS software with chi2 test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Log-Rank test and Cox regression analysis. Data was expressed as mean +/- SD. A two-tailed p value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty (27.8%) were found to have her-2 overexpression in esophageal cancer tissues, while normal esophageal tissues were negative. The expression of her-2 protein in esophageal cancer tissues is higher than those in adjacent normal esophageal tissues. The expression of her-2 is closely related to differentiation degree, infiltration depth, lymph nodes' metastasis and pTNM stage of the esophageal cancer. The 5-year survival rate of patients with her-2 overexpression is significantly lower than the patients with non-overexpression (5.0% vs. 36.5%, log-rank test, chi2 = 31.936, p = 0.000). Besides the influence of differentiation degree, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage to the prognosis, the level of her-2 expression is also an independent prognostic factor in esophageal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: Her-2 might become a potential molecular marker of diagnosis and new targets of clinical treatment of esophageal cancer.