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1.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 68(2): 206-211, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35239883

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Internato e Residência , Estudantes de Medicina , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/etiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Faculdades de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 68(2): 206-211, Feb. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365345

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/etiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Faculdades de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Curr Probl Cancer ; 46(1): 100765, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34312011

RESUMO

Therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, have proven effective in the treatment of metastatic urological neoplasms. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the use of this type of treatment prior to surgery could lead to an increased difficulty in renal and bladder surgeries. The literature concerning this topic, however, is still scarce and non-consensual. In our systematic review, we used the PRISMA guidelines methodology to search the pertinent literature available up to June 18, 2020 in PubMed. Additionally, we searched the related grey literature in the abstracts of the meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary (ASCO-GU), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), and American Urological Association (AUA) from 2015 to 2020. We were able to find only 16 publications that addressed the use of ICIs prior to surgery in kidney and bladder neoplasms. The results were conflicting, and usually the issue of surgical difficulties after the use of ICIs was not directly approached. We hope that our publication may raise the awareness towards the need to further investigate the effects of neoadjuvant ICIs on surgical outcomes in urologic cancers.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Feminino , Humanos , Rim , Masculino , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia
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