A 43-Year-Old Brazilian Man with Acute Impairment of Lung Function and Pulmonary Nodules with Features of Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI).

BACKGROUND Electronic smoking devices were created, and their production industrialized, recently. Since their creation, their use has spread widely. This increase in users led to the appearance of a new lung condition. In 2019, the CDC established the criteria for the diagnosis of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and the eponym EVALI is now widely recognized. The condition results from the inhalation of heated vapor, which damages the large and small airways and alveoli. CASE REPORT This report presents the case of a 43-year-old Brazilian man with acute impairment of lung function, pulmonary nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) and features of EVALI. He was hospitalized after 9 days of respiratory symptoms due to worsening dyspnea, and underwent a bronchoscopy on the same day. His condition evolved into severe hypercapnic respiratory failure that took 3 weeks to improve, and he underwent a surgical lung biopsy that showed an organizing pneumonia pattern. He was discharged after 50 days of hospitalization. Infectious diseases and other lung conditions were ruled out on clinical, laboratory, radiological, epidemiological, and histopathological grounds. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we report the unusual presentation of EVALI on chest CT showing nodules instead of a ground-glass pattern, as stated in the CDC definitions of a confirmed case. We also report the progression to a critical clinical state and, after treatment, the evolution to complete recovery. We also draw attention to the difficulties in diagnosing and managing the disease, especially at a time when COVID-19 has emerged.

Hemoptise relacionada ao uso de clopidogrel em regime ambulatorial / Hemoptysis associated with clopidogrel in an ambulatory regimen

O clopidogrel é um agente antiagregante plaquetário indicado no tratamento das síndromes coronarianas agudas e na prevenção de recorrência de eventos isquêmicos cerebro vasculares ou após implantes de próteses nas artérias coronárias.Seu principal efeito colateral são hemorragias, raramente graves, com poucos casos relatados de sangramento pulmonar em geral associado ao uso de doses elevadas concomitantes a outros agentes antiplaquetários em procedimentos invasivos intracoronarianos. Relata-se o caso de um homem de 65 anos com hemoptise 37 dias após o início de clopidogrel que foi internado por agravamento do sintoma, teve o medicamento suspenso, vários exames realizados e alta concedida no oitavo dia de hospitalização, assintomático. Como nenhum outro fator causal foi identificado, atribuiu-se o sangramento à droga em questão. Ressalta-se ainda a possibilidade de ocorrência dessa complicação pulmonar, potencialmente fatal, mesmo quando o clopidogrel é usado isoladamente, em regime ambulatorial e nas doses de manutenção recomendadas.

Clopidogrel is a platelet aggregation inhibitor recommended in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and in the prevention of recurrent ischaemia after cerebrovascular events or coronary stenting. Bleeding, rarely severe, is the major complication of its use. Alveolar hemorrhage is a much rarer occurrence, with only a few cases related in the literature, usually when the drug is associated with another platelet aggregation inhibitor during percutaneous coronary interventions or after massive ingestion. The authors report a case of 65-years-old male patient with hemoptysis after 37 days of clopidogrel use for prophylaxis of a cerebrovascular event, in an ambulatory regimen, in habitual dose and not associated with another platelet aggregation inhibitor. Based on the clinical history, the exclusion of other etiologies and the reversion of the condition after interrupting the drug the diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhage associated with clopidogrel was made.They also emphasize the importance of thinking in this life-threatening possibility in a patient with hemoptysis during clopidogrel use, even in an ambulatory regimen and usual doses.