Salus Platform: A Digital Health Solution Tool for Managing Syphilis Cases in Brazil-A Comparative Analysis.

(1) Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that constitutes a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide; (2) Methods: This was a descriptive and exploratory study that sought to analyze and compare the characteristics of Brazilian health systems with a new platform (Salus) developed by the Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health in the scope of notification and management of disease data, including syphilis. In addition, this analysis aimed to assess whether Salus fully meets the necessary data management fields and can be indicated as a tool to improve health management in the context of syphilis in Brazil. (3) Results: In this study, the Salus functionalities were demonstrated and compared with the current Brazilian systems by discovering the existing gaps in the evaluated systems. The gaps found may explain the delay in meeting demands, the difficulty of making routine therapeutic follow-ups, in addition to interference with the vital purpose of follow-up in the epidemiological surveillance of diseases. As a result, Salus demonstrates functionalities that surpass all others and meet case management demands in a superior way to the systems currently used in the country. (4) Conclusions: The Brazilian health information systems related to the response to syphilis do not fulfill the purpose for which they were developed. Instead, they contribute to the fragmentation of health data and information, delays in diagnosis, incomplete case management, and loss of data due to inconsistencies and inadequate reporting. In addition, they are systems without interconnection, which do not articulate epidemiological surveillance actions with primary health care. All these factors may be obscuring accurate data on syphilis in Brazil, resulting in high and unnecessary public spending and late care for users of the Unified Health System (SUS).

Proof-of-concept randomized phase II non-inferiority trial of simple versus type B2 hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer ≤2 cm (LESSER).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the non-inferiority and safety of simple hysterectomy in early stage (<2 cm) cervical cancer. METHODS: This proof-of-concept randomized phase II non-inferiority trial was performed between May 2015 and April 2018 in three oncological centers in Northeast Brazil. Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stages IA2-IB1 cervical cancer and tumors ≤2 cm were treated with either simple or modified radical hysterectomy (Querleu-Morrow type B2). Intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival and secondary endpoints were overall survival, operative outcomes, adjuvant therapy, and patient's health-related quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: A total of 40 patients underwent either simple hysterectomy (n=20) or modified radical hysterectomy (n=20). All patients except three underwent open procedures (n=37/40, 92.5%). At a median follow-up of 52.1 months (IQR 43.9-60.1), 3-year disease-free survival was 95% (95% CI 68% to 99%) after simple hysterectomy and 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%) after modified radical hysterectomy (log-rank p=0.30). The corresponding 5-year overall survival rates were 90% (95% CI 64% to 97%) and 91% (95% CI 50% to 98%), respectively (log-rank p=0.46). The operative time was shorter after simple hysterectomy than after modified radical hysterectomy (150 min (IQR 137.5-180) vs 199.5 min (IQR 140-230); p=0.003), with a trend towards a longer time for vesical catheterization removal (1 day (IQR 1-1) vs 1 day (IQR 1-2); p=0.043). There was no post-operative mortality and the rates of post-operative complications were not statistically different between arms (15% and 25%; p=0.69). QoL questionnaires were received from only 17 patients (42.5%), with no major differences observed over time between the surgical arms. CONCLUSIONS: Simple hysterectomy is safe and potentially non-inferior to the radical surgery in patients with early-stage cervical cancer ≤2 cm. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02613286.

Voice disorders in residual paracoccidioidomycosis in upper airways and digestive tract / Trastornos de la voz en paracoccidioidomicosis residual en las vías respiratorias superiores y el tubo digestivo

Background. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis of acute and chronic evolution, caused by species belonging to the genus Paracoccidioides. It is considered the most prevalent systemic endemic mycosis in Latin America, with cases in the tropical and subtropical regions. Residual PCM refers to the fibrotic scar sequelae resulting from the disease treatment which, when associated with collagen accumulation, leads to functional and anatomic alterations in the organs. Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vocal function of patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in 2010 in a cohort of 21 patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. Results. The average age was 49.48±9.1 years, and only two (9.5%) patients were female. The study was performed in the 1-113 month-period (median 27) after the end of drug treatment. Five (23.8%) patients had alterations in the larynx as a sequela of the disease. However, all patients had vocal changes in vocal auditory perceptual analysis by GRBASI scale. The computerized acoustic analysis using the software Vox Metria, showed that 11 patients (52.4%) presented alterations in jitter, 15 (71.4%) in shimmer, 8 (38.1%) in F0, 4 (19%) in glottal to noise excitation (GNE), 7 (33.3%) in the presence of noise and 12 (57.1%) in the presence of vibratory irregularity. Conclusions. The great frequency of alterations in residual PCM suggests that the patients in such phase could benefit from a multidisciplinary treatment, offering them integral monitoring of the disease, including speech rehabilitation after the PCM is healed (AU)

Antecedentes. La paracoccidioidomicosis (PCM) es una micosis sistémica de evolución aguda y crónica causada por especies que pertenecen al género Paracoccidioides. Se considera que es la micosis sistémica endémica de mayor prevalencia en América Latina, con casos en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. La PCM residual se refiere a las secuelas de las cicatrices fibróticas que provoca el tratamiento de la enfermedad; cuando se asocia con la acumulación de colágeno, conduce a alteraciones funcionales y anatómicas en los órganos. Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la función vocal de los pacientes con PCM residual en las vías respiratorias superiores y el tubo digestivo. Métodos. En 2010 se realizó un estudio transversal con una cohorte de 21 pacientes con PCM residual en las vías respiratorias superiores y el tubo digestivo. Resultados. La media de edad fue 49,48±9,1 años y solo dos pacientes (9,5%) eran mujeres. El estudio se realizó durante un período entre 1 y 113 meses (mediana: 27) después de finalizado el tratamiento farmacológico. Cinco pacientes (23,8%) presentaban alteraciones en la laringe como secuela de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, se encontró que todos los pacientes tenían alteraciones vocales en el análisis de percepción auditiva vocal por la escala GRBASI. El análisis acústico computarizado con el software Vox Metria mostró que 11 pacientes (52,4%) presentaron alteraciones en la variación ciclo a ciclo de la frecuencia fundamental (parámetro denominado jitter), 15 (71,4%) en la variación ciclo a ciclo de la amplitud de la señal vocal (shimmer), 8 (38,1%) en la frecuencia fundamental (F0), 4 (19%) en la relación señal-ruido (glottal to noise excitation - GNE), 7 (33,3%) en la existencia de ruido y 12 (57,1%) en la existencia de irregularidad vibratoria. Conclusiones. La gran frecuencia de alteraciones en la PCM residual indica que los pacientes en dicha fase podrían beneficiarse de un tratamiento multidisciplinario con vigilancia integral de la enfermedad que incluyera la rehabilitación del habla tras la curación de la PCM (AU)

Voice disorders in residual paracoccidioidomycosis in upper airways and digestive tract.

BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis of acute and chronic evolution, caused by species belonging to the genus Paracoccidioides. It is considered the most prevalent systemic endemic mycosis in Latin America, with cases in the tropical and subtropical regions. Residual PCM refers to the fibrotic scar sequelae resulting from the disease treatment which, when associated with collagen accumulation, leads to functional and anatomic alterations in the organs. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vocal function of patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 2010 in a cohort of 21 patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. RESULTS: The average age was 49.48±9.1 years, and only two (9.5%) patients were female. The study was performed in the 1-113 month-period (median 27) after the end of drug treatment. Five (23.8%) patients had alterations in the larynx as a sequela of the disease. However, all patients had vocal changes in vocal auditory perceptual analysis by GRBASI scale. The computerized acoustic analysis using the software Vox Metria, showed that 11 patients (52.4%) presented alterations in jitter, 15 (71.4%) in shimmer, 8 (38.1%) in F0, 4 (19%) in glottal to noise excitation (GNE), 7 (33.3%) in the presence of noise and 12 (57.1%) in the presence of vibratory irregularity. CONCLUSIONS: The great frequency of alterations in residual PCM suggests that the patients in such phase could benefit from a multidisciplinary treatment, offering them integral monitoring of the disease, including speech rehabilitation after the PCM is healed.

Factors Associated with Clinical and Topographical Features of Laryngeal Tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) is the most frequent granulomatous disease of the larynx and represents less than 2% of extrapulmonary TB cases. There are no pathognomonic clinical and endoscopic features of this disease and studies on LTB that can assist in its diagnostic characterization are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with clinical and topographical features of LTB. METHOD: a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from the medical records of 36 patients with confirmed LTB diagnosis. RESULTS: Dysphonia and cough were the main symptoms presented by patients and the true vocal folds the most frequently affected site. The average of the duration of the disease evolution was significantly higher in patients with dysphonia than in patients without this symptom. We observed association between dysphonia and true vocal fold lesions and between odynophagia and lesions in the epiglottis, arytenoids and aryepiglottic folds. Odynophagia was more frequent in individuals with lesions in four or more laryngeal sites. Weight loss equal or above 10% of the body weight was more frequent in patients with odynophagia as first symptom and in patients with ulcerated lesion. Dyspnea on exertion was more frequent in individuals with more extensive laryngeal lesions. The percentage of smokers with lesions in four or more laryngeal sites was greater than that found in non-smokers. Laryngeal tissue fragment bacilloscopy and culture examinations were less positive than sputum ones. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking appears to be associated with the development of more extensive LTB lesions, and LTB with dyspnea on exertion and odynophagia with consequent impairment of nutritional status. We emphasize the need for histopathologic confirmation, once positive sputum bacteriological examinations seem not to necessarily reflect laryngeal involvement.

Evaluation of voice disorders in patients with active laryngeal tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) is the most frequent larynx granulomatous disease. In general there is lung involvement, but in an important proportion of cases you can find LTB without pulmonary disease. The lesions observed in LTB, such as ulceration and fibrosis, can interfere in the process of voice production. The involvement of the mucous lining of the vocal folds can change their flexibility and, consequently, change voice quality, and the main symptom is dysphonia present in almost 90% of cases. OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomical characteristics and voice quality in LTB patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 24 patients. RESULT: The most frequently affected sites were vocal folds in 87.5% patients, vestibular folds in 66.7%, epiglottis in 41.7%, arytenoid in 50%, aryepiglottic folds in 33.3%, and interarytenoid region in 33.3% patients. We found 95.8% cases of dysphonia. The voice acoustic analysis showed 58.3% cases of Jitter alterations, 83.3% of Shimmer and 70.8% of GNE. CONCLUSION: Voice disorders found in active laryngeal tuberculosis are similar to those reported after clinical healing of the disease, suggesting that sequelae and vocal adjustments may install during the active phase of the disease, negatively impacting the process of vocal quality reestablishment.

Voice disorders in mucosal leishmaniasis.

INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the six most important infectious diseases because of its high detection coefficient and ability to produce deformities. In most cases, mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) occurs as a consequence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. If left untreated, mucosal lesions can leave sequelae, interfering in the swallowing, breathing, voice and speech processes and requiring rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomical characteristics and voice quality of ML patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive transversal study was conducted in a cohort of ML patients treated at the Laboratory for Leishmaniasis Surveillance of the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, between 2010 and 2013. The patients were submitted to otorhinolaryngologic clinical examination by endoscopy of the upper airways and digestive tract and to speech-language assessment through directed anamnesis, auditory perception, phonation times and vocal acoustic analysis. The variables of interest were epidemiologic (sex and age) and clinic (lesion location, associated symptoms and voice quality. RESULTS: 26 patients under ML treatment and monitored by speech therapists were studied. 21 (81%) were male and five (19%) female, with ages ranging from 15 to 78 years (54.5+15.0 years). The lesions were distributed in the following structures 88.5% nasal, 38.5% oral, 34.6% pharyngeal and 19.2% laryngeal, with some patients presenting lesions in more than one anatomic site. The main complaint was nasal obstruction (73.1%), followed by dysphonia (38.5%), odynophagia (30.8%) and dysphagia (26.9%). 23 patients (84.6%) presented voice quality perturbations. Dysphonia was significantly associated to lesions in the larynx, pharynx and oral cavity. CONCLUSION: We observed that vocal quality perturbations are frequent in patients with mucosal leishmaniasis, even without laryngeal lesions; they are probably associated to disorders of some resonance structures (larynx, pharynx and nasal and oral cavities) or even to compensation mechanisms caused by the presence of lesions in the upper airways and digestive tract.

Intervenção fonoaudiológica precoce nos distúrbios vocais em pacientes com tuberculose laríngea / Early intervention speech therapy in in voice disorders in patients with laryngeal tuberculosis

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora possa ser tratada clinicamente com sucesso, a tuberculose laríngea (TBL) pode causar mudanças irreversíveis na qualidade da voz. Raros estudos relatam intervenções fonoaudiológicas para tratar a disfonia na TBL. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade vocal dos pacientes com TBL em atividade e os efeitos da intervenção fonoaudiológica precoce na reabilitação das funções vocais alteradas nesses indivíduos. MÉTODO: Esta dissertação é composta por dois artigos desenvolvidos com dados de pacientes com TBL atendidos no Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, no período de 2010 a 2013. No primeiro foram relatadas as alterações anatômicas e vocais de três pacientes com TBL ativa antes de iniciar o tratamento. No segundo artigo foi realizado um estudo longitudinal para avaliar o impacto da terapia fonoaudiológica na recuperação das alterações vocais diagnosticadas ao início do tratamento da TBL em 11 pacientes. As avaliações fonoaudiológicas iniciais e finais foram comparadas através dos testes de McNemar, T de Student, sinal de Wilcoxon, Friedman e do Chi quadrado, considerando-se significativos os valores de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: No primeiro artigo, entre os indivíduos avaliados, observou-se que os principais sítios afetados foram as pregas vocais, pregas ariepiglóticas, aritenóides e epiglote e os principais sintomas foram disfonia, disfagia e odinofagia. No segundo artigo, foram avaliados 11 pacientes com uma média de idade 56,55 anos (±18,31), 2 eram do sexo feminino e 9 do sexo masculino, 4 pacientes eram tabagistas e 7 etilistas. A TBL e tuberculose pulmonar estavam associadas em 9 indivíduos. Nestes, encontrou-se inicialmente 100 por cento de disfonia, 54,5 por cento de disfagia e 45,5 por cento de odinofagia...

INTRODUCTION: Although it can be treated medically with success, laryngeal tuberculosis (LT) can cause irreversible changes in voice quality. Few studies report speech therapy interventions to treat dysphonia in LT. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the vocal quality of patients with LT in activity and the effects of early languageintervention in the rehabilitation of vocal functions altered in these individuals. METHOD: This dissertation consists of two papers developed with data from patients with TBL that were treated at Clinical Research Institute Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, in the period 2010-2013. In the first anatomical changes andvocals from three patients with active LT were reported before starting treatment. In the second article, a longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the impact of speech therapy in the recovery of vocal disorders diagnosed at initiation of treatmentof LT in 11 patients. The initial and final speech evaluations were compared using the McNemar test , Student t, Wilcoxon sign , Friedman and Chi square and p values < 5 percent were considered significant. RESULTS: In the first article the main sites affected were the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids and epiglottis and the main symptoms were dysphonia, dysphagia and odynophagia. In the second article we evaluated 11 patients with a mean age of 56.55 years (± 18.31), 2 females and 9 males, 4 patients were smokers and drinkers 7. The LT were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and 9. These patients initially find 100 percent of dysphonia, dysphagia 54.5 percent and 45.5 percent of odynophagia. The most affected sites were the larynx: vocal folds in 81.8 percent, 63.6 percent in vestibular folds, epiglottis in 36.4 percent, 27.3 percent arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds in 36.4 percent, and interarytenoid space 9.1 percent...

Amputação interescapulotorácica sob anestesia locorregional / Forequarter amputation under locoregional anesthesia

Forequarter amputations are an uncommon option for the treatment of upper limb and shoulder girdle tumors nowadays. This procedure can be done by different approaches and general anesthesia is commonly used. The authors report a case of forequarter amputation by the posterior approach performed for treatment of a soft-tissue sarcoma under a brachial plexus block associated with venous sedation and local anesthesia.

[Forequarter amputation under locoregional anesthesia]. / Amputação interescapulotorácica sob anestesia locorregional.

Forequarter amputations are an uncommon option for the treatment of upper limb and shoulder girdle tumors nowadays. This procedure can be done by different approaches and general anesthesia is commonly used. The authors report a case of forequarter amputation by the posterior approach performed for treatment of a soft-tissue sarcoma under a brachial plexus block associated with venous sedation and local anesthesia.

Avaliação da resistência de união de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes em esmalte hígido e desgastado / Bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems on unground and ground enamel

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes do tipo all-in-one em esmalte bovino hígido e desgastado e discutir alguns conceitos que envolvem esses adesivos no substrato esmalte. Foram preparados 78 incisivos bovinos com auxílio de lixas de carbeto de silício até obtenção de amostras de esmalte hígico e desgastado com aproximadamente 150mm2. Aplicaram-se os adesivos Adper Single Bond 2(3M Espe), One-Up Bond F Plus (Tokuyama Dental) e Hybrid Bond (Sun Medical), e matrizes Tygon foram posicionadas sobre cada amostra de esmalte hibridizado, sendo preenchidas em seu volume interno com o compósito Z250 (3M Espe). Após fotoativação removeram-se as matrizes e expuseram-se os corpos-de-prova (n=13), que foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por uma semana. Decorrido esse período, os corpos-de-prova foram unidos ao dispositivo de teste e ensaiados em uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL500), com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A resistência de união foi calculada em Mpa, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Anova e pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram que os dentes com esmalte desgastado apresentaram maior média de resistência de união para todos os adesivos testados. O adesivo Adper Single Bond 2teve maior média de resistência de união, com diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação aos adesivos autocondicionantes, que não apresentaram diferença estatística entre si

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength of all-in-one self-etching adhesive systems on unground and ground enamel, and discuss some concepts involving these adhesivesin enamel. Seventy eight bovine incisors were prepared, using silicon carbide papers, to obtain samples of unground and ground enamel(150mm2). The adhesives Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe), One-UpBond F Plus (Tokuyama Dental) and Hybrid Bond (Sun Medical) were applied, and Tygon tubing positioned over each sample of hybridized enamel (n=13). The interior space was filled in with Z250(3M Espe) composite. After photoactivation, the tubes were removedand samples were exposed, which were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for one week. After this period, the samples were bonded tothe test device, and tested in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL500), with a speed of 0.5mm/min. The bond strength was calculatedi n MPa and the data analyzed statistically by Anova and Tukey's test (p<0,05). The results indicate that teeth with ground enamel resulted in higher bond strength to all adhesives tested. The adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 showed higher bond strength and statistical difference compared to all-in-one adhesives, that didn't show statistical difference among themselves

Selamento apical após retrobturaçöes com MTA, IRM, ionômero de vidro e cianoacrilato / Apical sealing after retrofilling with MTA, IRM, glass ionomer cement and cyanocrylate

Este estudo in vitro comparou a quantidade de infiltraçäo de corantes em dentes que foram retrobturados com agregado trióxido mineral (MTA), Ketac-Fil, material restaurador intermediário (IRM) e cianoacrilato. Após a apicectomia, as cavidades retrógradas foram preparadas com uma profundidade de 3mm. Todos os dentes foram imersos no corante azul de metileno a 1 por cento e a microinfiltraçäo por meio de espectrofotometria foi medida após 48h, 7 e 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram que näo houve uma diferença significante, sendo que o MTA mostrou os melhores resultados, seguido pelo Ketac-Fil, cianoacrilato e IRM

Evaluación de la influencia de la preparación de los accesos en la transportación apical en conductos curvos / Evaluation of the influence of access preparations on apical transportation in curved root canals

El propósito de la presente experiencia fue evaluar, en conductos mesiobucales de molares inferiores, la influencia que la rectificación de las paredes de la cámara pulpar y la preparación previa de los accesos tiene sobre la transportación apical. Se emplearon 20 molares inferiores humanos extraídos, los que fueron divididos al azar en 2 grupos de 10 molares cada uno. En el grupo A se rectificaron las paredes de la cámara pulpar y se prepararon los accesos al conducto radicular con fresas de Gates-Glidden #1 y #2. En el grupo B no se efectuó ninguna rectificación ni preparación a dicho nivel. En ambos grupos se instrumentaron los conductos mesiobucales con limas Flexofile del #15 al #35, en movimiento circunferencial. El grado de transportación apical fue evaluado radiográficamente empleando un proyector de perfiles. Los resultados mostraron menores valores de transportación en los conductos del grupo A, respecto de los del grupo B. En ambos grupos, la transportación apical fue mayor a medida que se incrmentó el calibre de los instrumentos (AU)

Evaluación de la influencia de la preparación de los accesos en la transportación apical en conductos curvos / Evaluation of the influence of access preparations on apical transportation in curved root canals

El propósito de la presente experiencia fue evaluar, en conductos mesiobucales de molares inferiores, la influencia que la rectificación de las paredes de la cámara pulpar y la preparación previa de los accesos tiene sobre la transportación apical. Se emplearon 20 molares inferiores humanos extraídos, los que fueron divididos al azar en 2 grupos de 10 molares cada uno. En el grupo A se rectificaron las paredes de la cámara pulpar y se prepararon los accesos al conducto radicular con fresas de Gates-Glidden #1 y #2. En el grupo B no se efectuó ninguna rectificación ni preparación a dicho nivel. En ambos grupos se instrumentaron los conductos mesiobucales con limas Flexofile del #15 al #35, en movimiento circunferencial. El grado de transportación apical fue evaluado radiográficamente empleando un proyector de perfiles. Los resultados mostraron menores valores de transportación en los conductos del grupo A, respecto de los del grupo B. En ambos grupos, la transportación apical fue mayor a medida que se incrmentó el calibre de los instrumentos

Avaliaçäo da precisäo de um aparelho audiométrico na determinaçäo do comprimento dos dentes / The biocompatibility of the adhesive systems-literature review

Para avaliar a capacidade do aparelho ROOT ZV em fornecer a medida do elemento dental, os autores mediram 315 dentes pelos métodos direto e audiométrico. Os valores obtidos foram anotados e analisados comparativamente. Os resultados das medidas foram coincidentes em 96,4 por cento, o que demonstra a eficiência deste aparelho em determinar o comprimento dental. Estes dados, aliados ao fato de que o aparelho testado poderá ser utilizado em canais úmidos e por profissionais com pouca experiência, sugerem um futuro promissor para o ROOT ZV

Tratamento de dentes com rizogênese incompleta / Dental treatment with open apex

O tratamento de dentes com rizogênese incompleta difere, sob vários aspectos, do tratamento endodôntico convencional. Buscando dados na literatura e também baseados na própria experiência clínica, os autores abordam a questäo e sugerem uma conduta para os casos em que a necrose pulpar for diagnosticada

Nível apical do tratamento endodôntico / The apical level of endodontic treatment

Os autores realizaram um estudo bibliográfico sobre o nível apical do tratamento endodôntico e observaram que na maioria das publicaçöes a tendência é reconhecer que os melhores resultados säo observados quando o material obturador fica confinado no canal radicular, 1 a 2 mm do vértice radiográfico