[Status of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with a neuroendocrine-metabolic type of the hypothalamic syndrome]. / O sostoianii renin-angiotenzin-al'dosteronovoi sistemy y bol'nykh neiroéndokrinno-obmennoi formoi gipotalamicheskogo sindroma.

The paper is concerned with the results of a radioimmunoassay of the state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with a neuroendocrine-metabolic type of the hypothalamic syndrome. They received pathogenetic therapy with peritol (an antiserotonin drug) or parlodel (a dopaminergic drug) during three months and routine therapy. The latter was not enough to return to normal the basal blood levels of aldosterone, reaction of the glomerular zone of the adrenocortical substance and the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys. Peritol therapy normalized the blood concentration of aldosterone; reactions of the glomerular zone of the adrenocortical substance and the juxtaglomerular apparatus to insulin hypoglycemia and furosemide acute testing improved considerably. After a course of parlodel therapy blood concentration of aldosterone got to normal, and reaction of the glomerular zone of the adrenocortical substance and the juxtaglomerular apparatus to insulin hypoglycemia was unchanged whereas it improved after furosemide testing.

[The effect of GABA-ergic preparations on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease]. / Vliianie GAMK-ergicheskikh preparatov na funktsional'noe sostoianie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy u bol'nykh bolezn'iu Itsenko--Kushinga.

The effect of aminalon, baclofen and valproic acid on the levels of ACTH and cortisol was investigated in 58 patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease. The effect of GABAergic drugs showed correlation with the basal level of blood GABA: with aminalon and valproic acid the effect was observed only in patients with a low level of GABA, with baclofen--in patients with a high level of GABA there was found a decrease in the level of ACTH, associated with a high level of cortisol.

[The secretion of alpha-melanotropin in diseases of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex system]. / Sekretsiia al'fa-melanotropina pri nekotorykh zabolevaniiakh sistemy gipotalamus--gipofiz--kora nadpochechnikov.

The paper is concerned with the results of investigation of the blood concentration of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), hypophyseal reactivity to stress caused by insulin hypoglycemia in 26 patients with diseases of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system (Itsenko-Cushing disease and syndrome, hypothalamic syndrome of the pubertal period). A radioimmunoassay was used for the determination of the blood levels of alpha-MSH, ACTH and cortisol. In healthy persons the blood level of alpha-MSH rose 2-fold as compared to the basal one under the influence of insulin hypoglycemia-induced stress. In patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease at the active stage, alpha-MSH blood concentration was significantly elevated and a hypophyseal reaction to stress was disturbed. In Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, a decrease in the blood basal level of alpha-MSH and a hormone reaction to insulin hypoglycemia was noted. In patients with the hypothalamic syndrome of the pubertal period the blood level of alpha-MSH was raised and hypophyseal reactivity to insulin hypoglycemia was changed. Correlation analysis of the levels of alpha-MSH, ACTH and cortisol showed direct noticeable close relationships between the level of alpha-MSH and ACTH concentration in healthy persons and direct high close relationships between these indices in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease. Correlation between the blood levels of alpha-MSH and cortisol was undetectable.

[Changes in the secretion of the hormones of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system in Itsenko-Cushing disease under the influence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and thyroliberin]. / Izmenenie sekretsii gormonov gipotalamo-gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy pri bolezni Itsenko--Kushinga pod vliianiem insulinovoi gipoglikemii i tiroliberina.

The concentration of corticotropin and cortisol in the blood was determined 120 patients with Itsenko-Cushing radioimmunologically after insulin hypoglycemia, after administration of insulin and thyroliberin. It was established that healthy persons and patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease showed no differences in the effect of insulin and thyroliberin as compared with insulin hypoglycemia on the state of the pituitary-adrenal system.

[The function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in Itsenko-Cushing syndrome]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy pri sindrome Itsenko-Kushinga.

Altogether 28 patients with adrenocortical tumors (corticosteromas and corticoandrosteromas) were examined using a radioimmunoassay to determine the concentration of corticotropin, cortisol, blood cyclic nucleotides, the circadian rhythm and time course of corticotropin and cortisol levels against a background of insulin hypoglycemia. In patients with Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome the basel level of cortisol was notably raised, that of corticotropin was sharply decreased. The circadian rhythm of the levels of corticotropin and cortisol was disturbed, a response of the hypophyseal-adrenal system to a stressor was suppressed. The concentration of blood cyclic nucleotides was increased, and these changes were dependent on the nature of adrenal pathology.

[The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension of hypothalamic origin]. / Renin-angiotenzin-a'ldosteronovaia sistema pri gipertenzii gipotalamicheskogo geneza.

The results of the study of angiotensin-II and aldosterone++ concentrations, renin activity in blood plasma, the response of adrenal cortex glomeruli and juxtaglomerular system to insulin hypoglycemia, metoclopramide++, furosemide and exercise were considered for 119 patients with neuroendocrine form of hypothalamus syndrome. It was found that hypothalamic regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone++ system underwent changes. Hypersecretion+ of aldosterone++ is an important factor in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in hypothalamic syndrome.

[The hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal system in patients with lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome]. / Sistema gipotalamus-gipofiz-nadpochechniki u bol'nykh s sindromom ffktorei-amenorei.

Function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system was investigated in 23 patients with different types of the lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome. The basal levels and "stress secretion" of ACTH, cortisol and cyclic nucleotides, the circadian rhythm of ACTH and cortisol levels were determined by RIA. Noticeable disorders in the central and peripheral factors of this system and changes in the blood levels of cyclic nucleotides were observed in patients with the lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome.

[Hypophyseal and adrenal hormones and the immune reactivity of patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease after an adrenal autograft]. / Gormony gipofiza i nadpochechnikov, immunnaia reaktivnost' u bol'nykh bolezn'iu Itsenko--Kushinga posle autotransplantatsii nadpochechnika.

The authors employed for the first time the method of heterotopic autotransplantation of the adrenals on a vascular pedicle in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease. It was established that heterotopic transplantation of the adrenals results early in a significant reduction of the level of cortical hormones and insignificant change as compared with initial state of the immune status. All terms were characterized by humoral and cellular immune deficit. Results indicate the expediency of using this method. Adrenal transplantation prevents the development of hypocorticism.

[Effect of a single dose of parlodel on the secretion of various hormones in Itsenko-Cushing disease]. / Vliianie odnokratnogo priema parlodela na sekretsiiu nekotorykh gormonov pri bolezni Itsenko-Kushinga.

The results of investigation of the secretion of hypophyseal, adrenal and renal hormones resulting from parlodel administration in 44 patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease were discussed. Concentrations of corticotropin (ACTH), prolactin, somatotropin (STH), thyrotropin (TSH), cortisol, aldosterone, adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopamine and blood renin activity were determined by radioimmunoassays and radioenzymatic methods on an empty stomach and 30, 60 min., 2, 4 and 24 h after parlodel administration (2.5 mg) per os. Parlodel administration in Itsenko-Cushing disease was shown to cause a decrease in the secretion of hypophyseal hormones (ACTH, prolactin and STH). The level of cortisol raised before the start of the investigation was gradually decreased after the drug administration and reached its minimum in 2-4 h. Correlation of the basal level of aldosterone and blood renin activity, and a response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to parlodel administration was revealed. Changes in the secretion of catecholamines were of diverse nature: a decrease in the blood concentration of noradrenaline in the absence of adrenalin and dopamine shifts.

[The metoclopramide test in the differential diagnosis of various forms of galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome]. / Proba s metoklopramidom v differentsial'noi diagnostike razlichnykh form sindroma laktorei-amenorei.

The results of the metoclopramide test in 24 patients with the lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome were presented. It was shown that the metoclopramide test could be used for differential diagnosis of various types of disease. The blood prolactin concentration was raised only in the patients with the functional type of the lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and changed insignificantly in the patients with pituitary microadenoma as well as in the patients with a noticeable increase in the prolactin basal level but without x-ray signs of a pituitary tumor. The presence of pituitary microadenoma could be suspected in the patients of the 3rd group.

[Effect of the dopamine agonist parlodel on steroid hormone secretion and their metabolism in the liver]. / Vliianie agonista dofamina parlodela na sekretsiiu steroidnykh gormonov i ikh obmen v pecheni.

Experiments on rats have shown that the dopamine agonist parlodel produces a noticeable inhibitory effect on function of the pituitary-adrenal system by a decrease in corticotropin secretion and direct influence on aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Changes in corticosterone level caused by parlodel are related to ACTH action and inhibition of activity of the microcirculatory bed of the adrenal fascicular zone. The dopamine agonist parlodel produces no effect on metabolism of the steroid hormones: corticosterone and testosterone in the rat hepatic tissue.

[Characteristics of the action of parlodel on endocrine functions of the body]. / Osobennosti deistviia parlodela na nekotorye éndokrinnye funktsii organizma.

The effect of dopamine agonist parlodel (1 and 5 mg/kg) on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, lactotropic and somatotropic pituitary functions was studied. The content of ACTH and corticosterone in the blood and tissue, aldosterone in the blood, prolactin, somatotropic hormone in the pituitary, catecholamines in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex demonstrated the inhibitory effect of the drug on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, and pituitary, lactotropic and somatotropic functions. The mode of parlodel action consists probably in the decrease of turnover rather than in any changes of dopamine and catecholamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Parlodel failed to affect steroid metabolism in the body.

[Effect of beta-endorphin on catecholamine levels in the rat hypothalamus and cerebral cortex]. / Vliianie beta-éndorfina na soderzhanie katekholaminov v gipotalamuse i kore bol'shikh polusharii krys.

The present paper deals with the effect of beta-endorphin on catecholamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of male rats. beta-endorphin was found to decrease catecholamine content in the rat brain, with the degree of reduction depending on the brain topography and the time following the peptide administration. 5 min later no changes in catecholamine content were observed either in the hypothalamus or in the cerebral cortex. 20 min later beta-endorphin induced a statistically significant fall of catecholamine concentration in the hypothalamus. A tendency towards its decrease was also observed in the cerebral cortex. 60 min later beta-endorphin produced an insignificant decrease in catecholamine level in both brain areas under study. It may be therefore suggested that beta-endorphin-induced decrease of catecholamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex represents one of the mechanisms underlying beta-endorphin stimulating action on a number of trophic functions of the hypophysis.

[Experimental and clinical basis for using the preparation nacom in the treatment of Itsenko-Cushing disease]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe obosnovanie primeneniia preparata nakon dlia lecheniia bolezni Itsenko-Kushinga.

The paper is concerned with the results of an experimental study of the nacom (NC) effect on the activity of the hypothalamohypophysioadrenal system and the results of its application to 29 patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease with curative purposes. In rats the concentration of corticotropin and aldosterone was determined with a radioimmunoassay, that of corticosterone with a competitive protein binding method. The dopamine content in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex was studied by fluorimetry. To define the hypothalamohyphysioadrenal system in the patients a study was made of blood corticotropin, cortisol and aldosterone basal levels as well as response of the system to insulin hypoglycemia induced stress. Dopaminergic NC was shown to be dose-related with the activity of the hypothalamohypophysioadrenal system. The NC effect was associated with an increase in the dopamine level in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Clinical investigations proved NC efficacy for therapy of Icenko-Cushing's disease permitting one to recommend it as a pathogenetic agent for therapy of this disease.