Technical and economic indicators of milk production systems in the Caiuá sandstone region

The aim of this study was to analyze technical and economic indicators of family milk production systems, with different technology levels, in the Caiuá sandstone area in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The analysis period covers the agricultural years 2002/2003 to 2013/2014. The categorization of the milk production systems was based on information from agricultural farms monitored by the Reference Network for Family Agriculture. The cost-benefit analysis method was used for the economic assessment of milk production. Based on the results, three family milk production systems were identified in the region, characterized by the use of low, medium and high intensification technologies for pasture management. The production costs per unit area were found to be higher in the system with high technology and lower in the system with low technology. However, although the total revenue in the production system with a high technological intensification is greater than in the other systems, the capital needed for a technological transition is higher. In all the systems, when the costs were deducted, including the return on family labor, there was a profit, even with the climate and soil constraints inherent in the region.

Technical and economic indicators of milk production systems in the Caiuá sandstone region

The aim of this study was to analyze technical and economic indicators of family milk production systems, with different technology levels, in the Caiuá sandstone area in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The analysis period covers the agricultural years 2002/2003 to 2013/2014. The categorization of the milk production systems was based on information from agricultural farms monitored by the Reference Network for Family Agriculture. The cost-benefit analysis method was used for the economic assessment of milk production. Based on the results, three family milk production systems were identified in the region, characterized by the use of low, medium and high intensification technologies for pasture management. The production costs per unit area were found to be higher in the system with high technology and lower in the system with low technology. However, although the total revenue in the production system with a high technological intensification is greater than in the other systems, the capital needed for a technological transition is higher. In all the systems, when the costs were deducted, including the return on family labor, there was a profit, even with the climate and soil constraints inherent in the region.(AU)

Performance and carcass characteristics of young bulls fed diets with orange peel silage replacing sorghum silage / Desempenho e características de carcaça de tourinhos alimentados com dietas contendo silagem de bagaço de laranja substituindo a silagem de sorgo

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of crossbred young bulls in feedlot, fed rations with different levels of orange peel silage (0; 20; 40 or 60%) replacing the sorghum silage (% of dry matter). Thirty-six animals were allotted to individual pens, in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and nine replicates. The dry matter intake (DMI) showed a quadratic increase according to the level of orange peel silage in the diet. Average daily gain (ADG) was also quadratic behavior due to the increase of orange peel silage. It is estimated that level that allows maximum ADG is 24.50%. However, the ADG of the animals receiving diets with 20% of orange peel silage did not differ from those receiving sorghum silage or 40% of orange peel silage. The feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by treatments, with an average value of 6.52. Carcass characteristics were not altered (P>0.05) by treatments. Average values of 298.37 kg; 13.50; 135.14 cm; 26.35 cm; 72.17 cm2; 5.26 mm; 5.81; 64.54%; 21.05%; 15.09%, were observed for hot carcass weight, carcass conformation, carcass length, cushion thickness, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, and muscle, fat and bone yield, respectively. Orange peel silage can replace up to 40% of sorghum silage dry matter, with the same daily gain and without affecti(AU)

Avaliou-se o desempenho e as características de carcaça de tourinhos mestiços confinados, alimentados com dieta contendo diferentes níveis de silagem de bagaço de laranja (0, 20, 40 ou 60%) substituindo a silagem de sorgo (% da matéria seca). Foram utilizados 36 animais distribuídos em baias individuais, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com nove repetições. A ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) apresentou incremento quadrático (P0,05) em função dos tratamentos. Foram observados valores médios de 298,37 kg; 13,50; 135,14 cm; 26,35 cm; 72,17 cm2; 5,26 mm; 5,81; 64,54%; 21,05%; 15,09%, para peso de carcaça quente, conformação, comprimento de carcaça, espessura de coxão, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, marmoreio e porcentagens de músculo, gordura e osso, respectivamente. A silagem de bagaço de laranja pode substituir a silagem de sorgo em até 40% da matéria seca, mas o nível de 24,5% é o que proporcionou máximo desempenho dos animais.(AU)

Performance and carcass characteristics of young bulls fed diets with orange peel silage replacing sorghum silage / Desempenho e características de carcaça de tourinhos alimentados com dietas contendo silagem de bagaço de laranja substituindo a silagem de sorgo

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of crossbred young bulls in feedlot, fed rations with different levels of orange peel silage (0; 20; 40 or 60%) replacing the sorghum silage (% of dry matter). Thirty-six animals were allotted to individual pens, in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and nine replicates. The dry matter intake (DMI) showed a quadratic increase according to the level of orange peel silage in the diet. Average daily gain (ADG) was also quadratic behavior due to the increase of orange peel silage. It is estimated that level that allows maximum ADG is 24.50%. However, the ADG of the animals receiving diets with 20% of orange peel silage did not differ from those receiving sorghum silage or 40% of orange peel silage. The feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by treatments, with an average value of 6.52. Carcass characteristics were not altered (P>0.05) by treatments. Average values of 298.37 kg; 13.50; 135.14 cm; 26.35 cm; 72.17 cm2; 5.26 mm; 5.81; 64.54%; 21.05%; 15.09%, were observed for hot carcass weight, carcass conformation, carcass length, cushion thickness, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, and muscle, fat and bone yield, respectively. Orange peel silage can replace up to 40% of sorghum silage dry matter, with the same daily gain and without affecti

Avaliou-se o desempenho e as características de carcaça de tourinhos mestiços confinados, alimentados com dieta contendo diferentes níveis de silagem de bagaço de laranja (0, 20, 40 ou 60%) substituindo a silagem de sorgo (% da matéria seca). Foram utilizados 36 animais distribuídos em baias individuais, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com nove repetições. A ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) apresentou incremento quadrático (P0,05) em função dos tratamentos. Foram observados valores médios de 298,37 kg; 13,50; 135,14 cm; 26,35 cm; 72,17 cm2; 5,26 mm; 5,81; 64,54%; 21,05%; 15,09%, para peso de carcaça quente, conformação, comprimento de carcaça, espessura de coxão, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, marmoreio e porcentagens de músculo, gordura e osso, respectivamente. A silagem de bagaço de laranja pode substituir a silagem de sorgo em até 40% da matéria seca, mas o nível de 24,5% é o que proporcionou máximo desempenho dos animais.

Evaluation of twelve maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars for silage / Avaliação de doze cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.) para silagem

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of different maize cultivars for ensiling of the plant. Twelve maize cultivar were analyzed in a completely randomized block design, with three block, twelve treatments and three replication. The plot with three lines of six meters long and spacing of 0.8 m were used in all trials. The cycle of the plants of the planting to harvest varied from 105 to 114 days. The height average differed among (P < 0.05) cultivars, and varied from 182.6 (AGN-3150) to 247.0 cm (AG-122). There was not difference among maize cultivars (P > 0.05) for ear by plant number (0.9 to 1.1), dry matter (33.2 to 38.2 %), ether extract (1.9 to 2.5 %) and neutral detergent fiber (49.1 to 56.2 %). The dry matter production differed (P < 0.05) among cultivar TORK (20.6 t/ha) and the cultivars CD-302 (16.4 t/ha) and TRAKTOR (15.7 t/ha). The AGN-3150 presented lower acid detergent fiber (24.2 %) and higher digestibility (80.7 %). All cultivars presented agronomic and qualitative characteristics for silage production, with TORK and AGN-3150 being the most outstanding.

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características agronômicas e químico-bromatológica de diferentes cultivares de milho para ensilagem. Foram avaliados doze cultivares de milho em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com três blocos, 12 tratamentos e três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três linhas de seis metros de comprimento e espaçamento de 0,8 m entre linhas. O ciclo das plantas, do plantio à colheita, variou de 105 a 114 dias. A altura média diferiu entre os cultivares (P < 0,05), variando de 182,6 (AGN-3150) a 247,0 cm (AG-122). Não houve diferença (P > 0,05) entre os cultivares para número de espigas por planta (0,9 a 1,1), teores de matéria seca (33,2 a 38,2 %), de extrato etéreo (1,9 a 2,5 %) e de fibra em detergente neutro (49,1 a 56,2 %). A produção de matéria seca diferiu (P < 0,05) entre o cultivar TORK (20,6 t/ha) e os cultivares CD-302 (16,4 t/ha) e TRAKTOR (15,7 t/ha). O AGN-3150 apresentou o menor teor de fibra em detergente ácido (24,2 %) e maior digestibilidade (80,7 %). Todas as cultivares apresentaram características agronômicas e qualitativas adequadas para produção de silagem, destacando-se os cultivares TORK e AGN-3150.