Rehabilitation delivery models to foster healthy ageing-a scoping review.

Introduction: Rehabilitation is essential to foster healthy ageing. Older adults have unique rehabilitation needs due to a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases, higher susceptibility to infectious diseases, injuries, and mental health conditions. However, there is limited understanding of how rehabilitation is delivered to older adults. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to describe rehabilitation delivery models used to optimise older adults' functioning/functional ability and foster healthy ageing. Methods: We searched Medline and Embase (January 2015 to May 2022) for primary studies published in English describing approaches to provide rehabilitation to older adults. Three authors screened records for eligibility and extracted data independently and in duplicate. Data synthesis included descriptive quantitative analysis of study and rehabilitation provision characteristics, and qualitative analysis to identify rehabilitation delivery models. Results: Out of 6,933 identified records, 585 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 283 studies with 69,257 participants were included. We identified six rehabilitation delivery models: outpatient (24%), telerehabilitation (22%), home (18.5%), community (16.3%), inpatient (14.6%), and eldercare (4.7%). These models often involved multidisciplinary teams (31.5%) and follow integrated care principles (30.4%). Most studies used a disease-centred approach (59.0%), while studies addressing multimorbidity (6.0%) and prevalent health problems of older adults, such as pain, low hearing, and vision, or incontinence were scarce. The most frequently provided interventions were therapeutic exercises (54.1%), self-management education (40.1%), and assessment of person-centred goals (40%). Other interventions, such as assistive technology (8.1%) and environmental adaptations (7.4%) were infrequent. Conclusions: Focusing on primary studies, this scoping review provides an overview of rehabilitation delivery models that are used to foster healthy ageing and highlights research gaps that require further attention, including a lack of systematic assessment of functioning/functional ability, a predominance of disease-centred rehabilitation, and a scarcity of programmes addressing prevalent issues like pain, hearing/vision loss, fall prevention, incontinence, and sexual dysfunctions. Our research can facilitate evidence-based decision-making and inspire further research and innovation in rehabilitation and healthy ageing. Limitations of our study include reliance on published research to infer practice and not assessing model effectiveness. Future research in the field is needed to expand and validate our findings.

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado para evaluar el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca supervisado con ejercicio en el consumo de oxígeno, la función y calidad de vida de pacientes con falla cardiaca crónica / A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a supervised rehabilitation program with exercise on oxygen consumption, function, and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa supervisado sobre el consumo de oxígeno, la función y la calidad de vida en pacientes con falla cardiaca. Diseño y métodos: ensayo clínico con doble enmascaramiento de grupos paralelos, en pacientes con falla cardiaca estado funcional II-IV por más de 6 meses con fracción de eyección < 40%. El desenlace primario fue el consumo de oxígeno pico a las 8 semanas. Resultados: veintitrés pacientes fueron asignados al grupo de intervención y 26 al grupo de control. Cinco fallecieron, 4 se negaron a completar todas las evaluaciones y 1 no realizó la prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar. Diecisiete fueron analizados en el grupo de intervención y 20 en el grupo de control. Respecto al VO2 pico, no se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos al final del programa de intervención a las 8 semanas (-13,3 ± 3,9 ml/kg/min en el grupo de intervención frente a 14,8 ± 4,6 ml/kg/min en el grupo de control, p = 0,31). Las evaluaciones de funcionalidad y calidad de vida no difirieron entre los grupos a las 8 semanas o 6 meses. Sin embargo, hubo una mejoría en ambos grupos en los resultados de funcionalidad y calidad de vida. Conclusión: el uso de un programa de ejercicio protocolizado y supervisado en pacientes con falla cardiaca con una fracción de eyección < 40%, no produce cambios significativos en el VO2 pico en comparación con un programa comunitario.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a supervised exercise program on oxygen consumption, function, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Design and methods: A double-blind clinical trial, with parallel groups, conducted on patients with functional stage II-IV heart failure for more than 6 months and with an ejection fraction of < 40%. The primary outcome was the peak oxygen consumption at 8 weeks. Results: A total of 23 patients were assigned to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. Of those, 5 died, 4 failed to complete all the evaluations, and 1 did not perform the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Finally, 17 patients were analysed in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. As regards the peak VO2, no statistically significant changes were observed at the end of the intervention program at 8 weeks (-13.3 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min in the intervention group compared to 14.8 ± 4.6 ml/kg/min in the control group, P=.31). There were no differences between the groups in the functional evaluations and the quality of life at 8 weeks or 6 months. However, the results showed an improvement in the functionality and quality of life in both groups. Conclusion: The use of a standard and supervised exercise program by patients with heart failure with an ejection fraction < 40% does not lead to significant changes in the peak VO2, when compared to a community program.

Fiabilidad y validez de constructo de la versión colombiana del instrumento de calidad de vida Skindex-29© en Medellín, Colombia / Reliability and construct validity of the colombianversion of the quality of life instrumentSkindex-29© in Medellin, Colombia / Fiabilidade e validade de constructo da versão colombianado instrumento de qualidade de vidaskindex-29© em Medellín, Colômbia

Introducción: La adaptación cultural de los instrumentos de calidad de vida y su evaluación psicométrica se deben hacer de forma rigurosa y estandarizada. Objetivo: evaluar la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la versión colombiana del instrumento Skindex-29©. Métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedades cutáneas inflamatorias o generalizadas; con enfermedades no inflamatorias o localizadas, e individuos sanos y se determinó la fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador. Resultados: se encuestaron 265 individuos. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,957 para el instrumento total. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase de la consistencia intraobservador e interobservador fueron superiores al 0,9. Los pacientes con enfermedades dermatológicas generalizadas y con dermatosis inflamatorias tuvieron puntuaciones más altas que las de aquellos con lesiones cutáneas no inflamatorias o aisladas. Conclusiones: los resultados corroboran la validez de constructo del instrumento estudiado. En el futuro es necesario evaluar otras propiedades psicométricas del mismo tales como su validez de contenido y de criterio y su sensibilidad al cambio.

Background: The cultural adaptation of quality of life instruments and their psychometric evaluation should be done rigorously and according to the standards. Objective: This study assessed the reliability and construct validity of the Colombian version of the Skindex-29 instrument. Methods: Patients with inflammatory or generalized skin diseases and with non-inflammatory or localized diseases, and healthy individuals were included. We determined the intra- and inter-observer reliability. Results: We surveyed 265 individuals. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.957 for the total instrument. The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer consistency were higher than 0.9. Patients with generalized or inflammatory diseases had higher scores than those with non-inflammatory or isolated lesions. Conclusions: The results support the construct validity of the studied instrument. In the future, it is necessary to evaluate other psychometric properties such as its content and criteria validity, and its sensitivity to change.

Introdução: A adaptação cultural dos instrumentos de qualidade de vida e sua avaliação psicométrica, deve se fazer de forma rigorosa e padronizada. Objetivo: Avaliar a fiabilidade e a validade de constructo da versão Colombiana do instrumento Skindex-29©. Métodos: Se incluíram pacientes com doenças cutâneas inflamatórias ou generalizadas; com doenças não inflamatórias ou localizadas e indivíduos saudáveis e se determinou a fiabilidade intra e inter-observador. Resultados: Se entrevistaram um total de 265 indivíduos. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi de 0.957 para o instrumento total. Os coeficientes de correlação intra-aula da consistência intra-observador e inter-observador foram superiores a 0.9. Os pacientes com doenças dermatológicas e com dermatose inflamatórias apresentaram pontuações mais altas do que os pacientes com lesões cutâneas não inflamatórias ou isoladas. Conclusões: Mediante este estudo se corroboro a validade de constructo do instrumento. No futuro é necessário avaliar outras propriedades psicométricas do instrumento tais como sua validade de conteúdo, de critério e sua sensibilidade à mudança.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Use of a Prophylactic Antibiotic for Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Amputation due to Diabetes or Vascular Illness in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: The use of a prophylactic antibiotic in an amputation surgery is a key element for the successful recovery of the patient. We aim to determine, from the perspective of the Colombian health system, the cost-effectiveness of administering a prophylactic antibiotic among patients undergoing lower limb amputation due to diabetes or vascular illness in Colombia. METHODS: A decision tree was constructed to compare the use and nonuse of a prophylactic antibiotic. The probabilities of transition were obtained from studies identified from a systematic review of the clinical literature. The chosen health outcome was reduction in mortality due to prevention of infection. The costs were measured by expert consensus using the standard case methodology, and the resource valuation was carried out using national-level pricing manuals. Deterministic sensitivity, scenarios, and probabilistic analyses were conducted. RESULTS: In the base case, the use of a prophylactic antibiotic compared with nonuse was a dominant strategy. This result was consistent when considering different types of medications and when modifying most of the variables in the model. The use of a prophylactic antibiotic ceases to be dominant when the probability of infection is greater than 48%. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of a prophylactic antibiotic was a dominant strategy, which is a conclusion that holds in most cases examined; therefore, it is unlikely that the uncertainty around the estimation of costs and benefits change the results. We recommend creating policies oriented toward promoting the use of a prophylactic antibiotic during amputation surgery in Colombia.

Treatment of myofascial pain syndrome with lidocaine injection and physical therapy, alone or in combination: a single blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the shoulder girdle and cervical region is a common musculoskeletal problem that is often chronic or recurrent. Physical therapy (PT) and lidocaine injections (LI) are two treatments with demonstrated effectiveness compared to a control group, however little is known about their combined value. The objective of this study was to determine whether LI into trigger points combined with a PT program would be more effective than each separate treatment alone in improving pain, function, and quality of life in a group of patients with MPS of the shoulder girdle and cervical region. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted with three parallel groups in the Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of two urban hospitals in Medellin, Colombia. One hundred and twenty seven patients with shoulder girdle MPS for more than 6 weeks and pain greater than 40 mm on the visual analog scale (VAS) were assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups: PT, LI, or the combination of both (PT + LI). The primary outcome was VAS pain rating at 1-month post-treatment. The secondary outcomes included VAS pain rating at 3 months, and, at both 1 and 3 months post-treatment: (a) function, evaluated by hand-back maneuver and the hand-mouth maneuver, (b) quality of life, as measured by sub-scales of the Short Form - 36 (SF-36), and (c) depressive symptoms, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9). Independent t-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups at 1 month and 3 months post-treatment. RESULTS: In the per protocol analysis, there were no significant intergroup differences in VAS at 1 month PT + LI, 40.8 [25.3] vs. PT, 37.8 [21.9], p = 0.560 and vs. LI, 44.2 [24.9], p = 0.545. There were also no differences between groups on secondary outcomes except that the PT and PT + LI groups had higher right upper limb hand-back maneuver scores compared to the LI alone group at both 1 and 3 months (p = 0.013 and p = 0.016 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this RCT showed that no differences in pain ratings were observed between the individual treatments (PT or LI) compared to the combined treatment of PT and LI. In general, no difference in primary or secondary outcomes was observed between treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTC01250184 November 27, 2010.

Validation of the Roland Morris Questionnaire in Colombia to Evaluate Disability in Low Back Pain.

STUDY DESIGN: An observational study was performed to validate a scale. OBJECTIVE: This study validated the Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) in Colombia. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The RMQ is a frequently used instrument for the evaluation of disability in patients with low back pain. The psychometric properties of the RMQ are highly reliable, but a validated version is not available in our country. METHODS: The RMQ 24-item scale ranges from 0 (no disability) to 24 (maximum disability) and it was applied to 133 patients older than 18 years of age with low back pain of any etiology and duration. Reliability, validity of content, construct and criterion were evaluated, and the latter was compared with the Oswestry Disability Index 2.1a, SF-36, and the visual analogue scale. Sensitivity to change was evaluated in patients with subacute low back pain, and a pharmacological and/or physical rehabilitation intervention was performed and the effect size of the treatment was calculated with Cohen's d coefficient. RESULTS: The patients' average age was 43.4 (16.3) years, out of which 67.7% were females. Internal consistency revealed a coefficient of Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. Intraobserver reliability revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92. Construct validity between acute and chronic patients showed no significant differences (P = 0.405). Concurrent criterion validity compared with the Oswestry Disability Index 2.1a revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.745 which is a very good correlation. The correlation between RMQ and SF-36 was significant. The Pearson correlation between the RMQ and visual analogue scale was r = 0.438 with a P < 0.005. Sensitivity to change had a Cohen's d coefficient of 1.27, which corresponds to a very large effect size. CONCLUSION: The RMQ is a useful and reliable instrument for the evaluation of patients with low back pain, and it allows an adequate clinical postintervention follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Multicentric study of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of persons injured in motor vehicle accidents in Medellín, Colombia, 2009-2010 / Estudio multicéntrico de las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las personas lesionadas en accidentes de tránsito en Medellín, Colombia, 2009-2010

Introduction: Traffic accidents (TA) cause 1.23 million deaths each year worldwide while between 20 and 50 million persons are injured each year. In 2011 in Medellin, Colombia, there were 307 traffic deaths and 23,835 injured with 411 accidents for each 10,000 vehicles. Objective: The purpose of the study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, as well as the quality of life and disability outcomes for those injured in traffic accidents in Medellin. Methods: This prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study collected data from 834 patients that were classified with the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) , the WHO-DAS-II (Disability Assessment) Scale and the SF-36 Health Survey. Results: Three-fourths (75.8%) of the patients were male. Eighty-one percent (81.0%) of patients were involved in motorcycle accidents, with 45.6% suffering moderate trauma, and 32.6% experiencing severe trauma. Of the patients with severe trauma, 8.5% were not wearing helmets. Half of the sample (49.7%) injured their extremities. The WHODAS-II domains most affected were: Activities outside the home (62.0%), Housework (54.3%) and Moving in one's environment (45.2%). Quality of life areas affected were: Physical role (20.3%), Body pain (37.3%), Emotional role (44.1%), Physical functioning (52.6%). Conclusions: Patients with more severe injuries had higher levels of disability and a worse quality of life. Motorcycles made up a large proportion of traffic accidents in this city and mitigation strategies to reduce this public health problem should particularly focus on this high-risk group.

Antecedentes: Los accidentes de tránsito (AT) causan 1.23 millones de muertes en el mundo, y entre 20 y 50 millones sufren lesiones no fatales. En Medellín (Colombia) en el 2011 hubo 307 muertos en AT y 23.835 heridos, con 411 accidentes por cada 10.000 vehículos. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de calidad de vida y discapacidad de los pacientes luego de un AT en Medellín. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo trasversal prospectivo del estado inicial de una cohorte de 834 pacientes, clasificados de acuerdo a la gravedad de trauma (NISS) y las escalas WHO-DAS II y SF-36. Resultados: En el 81% de los AT estuvieron involucradas motos, con lesiones moderadas en el 45.6 %, y graves en el 32.6% de ellos. No utilizaban casco el 8.5% de los pacientes con NISS grave. En el 49.7% se afectaron los miembros inferiores. Los dominios del WHO-DAS II más afectados fueron: actividades fuera del hogar (62.0%) actividades domésticas (54.3%) y moverse en el entorno (45.2%). La calidad de vida comprometió los dominios de desempeño físico (20.3%), dolor corporal (37.3%), desempeño emocional (44.1%) y funcionamiento físico (52.6%). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con lesiones más graves tuvieron mayor compromiso en la discapacidad y en la calidad de vida. Esta carga de enfermedad la producen principalmente los AT en los que están involucradas las motos.

Multicentric study of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of persons injured in motor vehicle accidents in Medellín, Colombia, 2009-2010.

INTRODUCTION: Traffic accidents (TA) cause 1.23 million deaths each year worldwide while between 20 and 50 million persons are injured each year. In 2011 in Medellin, Colombia, there were 307 traffic deaths and 23.835 injured with 411 accidents for each 10.000 vehicles. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, as well as the quality of life and disability outcomes for those injured in traffic accidents in Medellin. METHODS: This prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study collected data from 834 patients that were classified with the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) , the WHO-DAS-II (Disability Assessment) Scale and the SF-36 Health Survey. RESULTS: Three-fourths (75.8%) of the patients were male. Eighty-one percent (81.0%) of patients were involved in motorcycle accidents, with 45.6% suffering moderate trauma, and 32.6% experiencing severe trauma. Of the patients with severe trauma, 8.5% were not wearing helmets. Half of the sample (49.7%) injured their extremities. The WHODAS-II domains most affected were: Activities outside the home (62.0%), Housework (54.3%) and Moving in one's environment (45.2%). Quality of life areas affected were: Physical role (20.3%), Body pain (37.3%), Emotional role (44.1%), Physical functioning (52.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with more severe injuries had higher levels of disability and a worse quality of life. Motorcycles made up a large proportion of traffic accidents in this city and mitigation strategies to reduce this public health problem should particularly focus on this high-risk group.

ANTECEDENTES: Los accidentes de tránsito (AT) causan 1.23 millones de muertes en el mundo, y entre 20 y 50 millones sufren lesiones no fatales. En Medellín (Colombia) en el 2011 hubo 307 muertos en AT y 23.835 heridos, con 411 accidentes por cada 10.000 vehículos. OBJETIVO: Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de calidad de vida y discapacidad de los pacientes luego de un AT en Medellín. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo trasversal prospectivo del estado inicial de una cohorte de 834 pacientes, clasificados de acuerdo a la gravedad de trauma (NISS) y las escalas WHO-DAS II y SF-36. RESULTADOS: En el 81% de los AT estuvieron involucradas motos, con lesiones moderadas en el 45.6 %, y graves en el 32.6% de ellos. No utilizaban casco el 8.5% de los pacientes con NISS grave. En el 49.7% se afectaron los miembros inferiores. Los dominios del WHO-DAS II más afectados fueron: actividades fuera del hogar (62.0%) actividades domésticas (54.3%) y moverse en el entorno (45.2%). La calidad de vida comprometió los dominios de desempeño físico (20.3%), dolor corporal (37.3%), desempeño emocional (44.1%) y funcionamiento físico (52.6%). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con lesiones más graves tuvieron mayor compromiso en la discapacidad y en la calidad de vida. Esta carga de enfermedad la producen principalmente los AT en los que están involucradas las motos.

Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Tinetti para población colombiana / Validity and reliability of Tinetti Scale for Colombian people

Introducción: Las caídas, son el cuarto síndrome geriátrico con mayor prevalencia, incrementanla morbilidad y la mortalidad, disminuyen la funcionalidad, y aumentan prematuramente elingreso a los hogares geriátricos. Las alteraciones de la marcha y el equilibrio son los principalesfactores que las generan, con un rango de valores ajustados de riesgo relativo entre 1.2-2.2 y1.2-2.4, respectivamente. La escala de Tinetti de marcha y equilibrio ha demostrado ser unaherramienta válida y confiable para la evaluación de la movilidad (r 0.74-0.93), además, tieneuna alta fiabilidad inter-observador (0.95).Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Tinetti, a partir de su versión original, para el uso en poblacióncolombiana.Materiales y métodos: La escala de Tinetti en su versión en español fue aplicada por dos evaluadoresa 90 adultos mayores, residentes de tres instituciones geriátricas de la ciudad de Medellíny dos municipios del Valle de Aburrá con diferentes grados de funcionalidad en la marcha y en elequilibrio. Posteriormente, se realizó la validación de contenido, constructo y criterio, así comofiabilidad inter e intraobservador.Resultados: La validez de contenido, sugiere la reestructuración de los ítems del dominio delequilibrio con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95 y una varianza de 13.89; en la validez de constructo, en46 de las 48 respuestas de la escala se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas enla capacidad de detectar cambios en un grupo sin alteraciones en la marcha y el equilibrio (sanos)comparado con el grupo con alteraciones (enfermos); la validez de criterio concurrente logró unaalta correlación r:-0.82 con el test “Timed up and go”. La fiabilidad inter e intraobservador obtuvoun Kappa ponderado de 0.4 a 0.6 y 0.6 a 0.8, respectivamente; el alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.91.Conclusiones: La escala de Tinetti es válida y confiable para utilizarla en adultos mayores em Colombia.

Validez y confiabilidad del ‘Cuestionario de calidad de vida KIDSCREEN-27’ versión padres, en Medellín, Colombia / Validity and reliability of the KIDSCREEN-27 life quality questionnaire, parents’ version, in Medellin, Colombia

Objetivo: Validar la versión KIDSCREEN-27 para padres en el Área Metropolitana de Medellín, Colombia, incluyendo la subescala aceptación social (AS) del KIDSCREEN-52, pues esta permite evaluar el efecto del bullying en la calidad de vida (CV) del niño. Métodos: La población de estudio fueron padres de niños entre los 8 y 18 años, de Medellín y su Área Metropolitana. Se calculó una muestra de 1.150 padres, de acuerdo con las propiedades psicométricas por medir. Se realizó una validación de constructo, comparando las puntuaciones medias entre los grupos de baja y alta condición socioeconómica. También se efectuó la validez de contenido y la medición de fiabilidad, por medio de la consistencia interna y la estabilidad prueba-reprueba. Adicionalmente, se midió el acuerdo padre-hijo. Resultados: La consistencia interna fue adecuada (α de Cronbach 0,76-0,83). Los padres de niños con mejor condición socioeconómica tuvieron puntuaciones más altas en todas las dimensiones (p < 0,05). Las puntuaciones fueron más altas entre niños sanos. Las mujeres tuvieron menores puntuaciones que los hombres, y los niños, mayores que los adolescentes. Los CCI para la evaluación de la fiabilidad estuvieron por encima de 0,7 en todas las dimensiones, excepto en entorno escolar (EC), (CCI 0,6-0,92). El acuerdo padre-hijo alcanzó niveles entre moderados y buenos (CCI 0,49-0,69). El análisis factorial exploratorio, incluyendo la subescala AS, arrojó ocho dimensiones; cuatro coincidieron con el cuestionario original: actividad física, EC, apoyo social y la subescala AS. Conclusión: KIDSCREEN-27 para padres es un instrumento válido y confiable para el contexto colombiano…

Objective: Validate the KIDSCREEN-27 for parents in the metropolitan area of Medellín, Colombia, including the Social Acceptance (SA) subscale of KIDSCREEN-52, as it evaluates the effect of bullying in Life Quality of children. Methods: The study population was made up by parents of children between 8 and 18, from Medellín and its metropolitan area. A sample of 1,150 parents was estimated according to the different psychometric properties to be measured. Construct validation was made by comparing the mean scores between groups of high and low socioeconomic conditions. The content validity and the measurement of reliability were verified by internal consistency and testretest stability. The parent-child agreement was also measured. Results: The internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach alpha 0,76-0,83). Parents of children with better socio-economic status had higher scores in all dimensions (p<0,05). Scores were higher among healthy children. Women had lower scores than men, while children registered higher scores than adolescents. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the reliability assessment was above 0.7 in all dimensions, except in School Environment-SE- (ICC 0,6- 0,92). The parent-child agreement reached moderate and good levels (ICC 0,49-0,69). The exploratory factorial analysis, including social acceptance subscale, registered eight dimensions, four of which in agreement with the original questionnaire: Physical activity, SE, Social Support, and SA subscale. Conclu-sions: KIDSCREEN-27 for parents is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the Colombian context…

Remodelación cardiaca en pacientes con infarto de miocardio secundario a herida penetrante de corazón / Cardiac remodeling in patients with myocardial infarction secondary to penetrating heart wound

Introducción: la frecuencia del trauma cardiaco se ha incrementado en los últimos años, se desconoce el mecanismo de remodelación miocárdica en estos pacientes. Objetivos: evaluar la remodelación cardiaca en pacientes con herida penetrante de corazón comparando dos grupos, con y sin infarto de miocardio traumático asociado. Metodología: estudio observacional, tipo cohorte y prospectivo. La cohorte expuesta fueron pacientes mayores de 12 años con herida de corazón e infarto traumático y los no expuestos no tuvieron infarto. En el periodo posoperatorio y seis meses después se realizó una evaluación clínica, ecocardiográfica y funcional. Resultados: se incluyeron 31 pacientes de sexo masculino y dos de sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 31 años. Más de 90% de las heridas fueron por arma cortopunzante. La fracción de eyección y la fracción de acortamiento al inicio fueron significativamente menores en los pacientes con infarto traumático. La única variable con diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos fue la fracción de acortamiento (30.18 Vs. 34.72, p < 0.05). Seis meses después ambos grupos mejoraron la capacidad funcional, el grosor relativo de la pared disminuyó. Los pacientes con infarto tuvieron más probabilidad de desarrollar hipertrofia excéntrica (RR: 2.67 IC = 0.72-9.89). Las demás variables ecocardiográficas fueron similares al inicio y a los seis meses en ambos grupos. Conclusión: los pacientes con infarto traumático desarrollaron hipertrofia excéntrica. A pesar de la demostración de un patrón claro de remodelación ventricular, las diferencias son pequeñas debido al número de pacientes y al corto tiempo de seguimiento. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 6-13).

The mechanism and magnitude of the cardiac remodelling process in traumatic acute myocardial infarction remain unknown. Objective: to characterize and quantify the process in patients who developed traumatic myocardial infarction secondary to penetrating heart wound, and to compare it with patients without infarction. Methods: a prospective, observational cohort study was carried out in patients with myocardial infarction secondary to penetrating heart wound. The exposed cohort comprised all patients with traumatic myocardial infarction and the non-exposed cohort comprised the patients without infarction. Results: there were 31 male patients, two female patients, mean age was 31 years. More than 90 percent of the wounds were caused by a sharp, pointed weapon. At the baseline, the ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly lower in the patients with infarction (52% vs 70%, p< 0.0001; 27.6% vs 35.1%, p< 0.001, respectively). At the six-month follow-up, the only variable significantly different between the two groups was the fractional shortening (30.18 vs. 34.72, p < 0.05). Patients with penetrating heart wound and with secondary traumatic AMI have a RR of 2.67 (95% CI 0.72-9.89) of developing eccentric hypertrophy after six months. Conclusions: patients with penetrating heart wounds with and without infarction showed a tendency to develop a remodelling process with eccentric hypertrophy. The differences encountered, however, are not significant and a longer follow-up is required, as well as a larger number of patients. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 6-13).

[Validity and Reliability of the KIDSCREEN-27 Life Quality Questionnaire, Parents' Version, in Medellin, Colombia]. / Validez y confiabilidad del 'Cuestionario de calidad de vida KIDSCREEN-27' versión padres, en Medellín, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Validate the KIDSCREEN-27 for parents in the metropolitan area of Medellín, Colombia, including the Social Acceptance (SA) subscale of KIDSCREEN-52, as it evaluates the effect of bullying in Life Quality of children. METHODS: The study population was made up by parents of children between 8 and 18, from Medellín and its metropolitan area. A sample of 1,150 parents was estimated according to the different psychometric properties to be measured. Construct validation was made by comparing the mean scores between groups of high and low socioeconomic conditions. The content validity and the measurement of reliability were verified by internal consistency and test-retest stability. The parent-child agreement was also measured. RESULTS: The internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach alpha 0,76-0,83). Parents of children with better socio-economic status had higher scores in all dimensions (p<0,05). Scores were higher among healthy children. Women had lower scores than men, while children registered higher scores than adolescents. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the reliability assessment was above 0.7 in all dimensions, except in School Environment-SE- (ICC 0,6-0,92). The parent-child agreement reached moderate and good levels (ICC 0,49-0,69). The exploratory factorial analysis, including social acceptance subscale, registered eight dimensions, four of which in agreement with the original questionnaire: Physical activity, SE, Social Support, and SA subscale. CONCLUSIONS: KIDSCREEN-27 for parents is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the Colombian context.

Validation in Colombia of the Oswestry disability questionnaire in patients with low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Observational study to validate a scale. OBJECTIVE: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), version 2.1a. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The ODI is one of the most frequently used tools to evaluate disability in patients with low back pain. Its psychometric properties have shown to be highly reliable. Currently, no validated Colombian version is available. METHODS: The ODI (2.1a) was translated into Spanish and this translated version was analyzed in terms of semantic and linguistic equivalence. Then, the Spanish version was translated back into English. The first time, the ODI was administered to a total of 111 patients with back pain. Internal consistency, construct validity, content validity and criterion validity were evaluated for the scale. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated by 2 different observers a day apart from each other and the intra-rater reliability was determined by the same observer, 7 days apart. A sensitivity-to-change analysis was performed on 81 patients. RESULTS: Of the sample, 67.6% were women, with a mean (SD) age of 44.88 (16.38) years. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.86. Inter-rater reliability yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94 whereas intrarater reliability yielded an ICC of 0.95. Pearson correlation between ODI and each of the 8 domains of SF-36, was statistically significant. Construct validity, when comparing extremely acute and chronic groups, did not show any differences (P = 0.409). Concurrent criterion validity between ODI and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) was r = 0.75; between ODI and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was r = 0.540. For patients who received an intervention, the value of this change was 1.2. CONCLUSION: ODI-C is a helpful, reliable and valid tool in Colombia for back pain patient follow-up and assessment, regardless the stage of the evolution. It is an observational study to validate the Oswestry disability index (ODI) in the Spanish language. ODI is the most used tool in evaluating disability related to low back pain. The psychometric properties were evaluated in Colombia and the results were very good, similar to other studies.

Preprueba para la adaptación cultural de la versión española del instrumento de calidad de vida dermatológico Skindex-29, en Colombia / Pre-test for the cross cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the quality of life instrument Skindex-29 in Colombia

Antecedentes. La investigación clínica, y en especial los ensayos clínicos, debe involucrar la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud como una de las maneras de medir los desenlaces subjetivos de las intervenciones sobre las personas. Objetivo. Evaluar la comprensión e interpretación de la versión española del Skindex-29 entre colombianos. Pacientes y métodos. El cuestionario fue administrado a adultos colombianos que consultaron por cualquier enfermedad dermatológica a la consulta externa de la Institución Prestadora de Salud (IPS) Universitaria de la Universidad de Antioquia o a un consultorio dermatológico particular, y a individuos sanos que no presentaban ningún trastorno cutáneo. Cada uno de los sujetos manifestaba la comprensión o no de cada pregunta y sugería la posibilidad de cambiar su redacción. Resultados. Se encuestaron 21 individuos: 9 sanos y 12 con algún problema dermatológico. La edad promedio fue de 41,7 años y 66,7% eran mujeres. De los 29 ítems, cuatro requirieron traducción y “retrotraducción”. Entre estos, en el ítem 25 se continuaron presentando dificultades en la comprensión, por lo que se requirió utilizar otra versión traducida y “retrotraducida” del ítem, con lo cual se logró su comprensión completa en una nueva prueba en 20 individuos. Conclusión. Se obtuvo una versión colombiana preliminar del Skindex-29. Se requirió la traducción y “retrotraducción” de cuatro ítems antes de aplicar dicho cuestionario a una población colombiana. En un paso siguiente, se evaluarán las propiedades sicométricas del cuestionario final y la determinación de su validez de constructo, su fiabilidad y su sensibilidad al cambio.

Validación del Cuestionario KIDSCREEN-27 de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes de Medellín, Colombia / Validation of Questionnaire KIDSCREEN-27 to Measure Health Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents of Medellin, Colombia

Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario de calidad de vida (CV) KIDSCREEN-27 en el área metropolitana de Medellín (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de validación de una escala de CV para niños y adolescentes entre 8 y 18 años, sanos y con enfermedades agudas o crónicas. Se evaluó la validez de constructo y de contenido, la consistencia interna, la fiabilidad interobservador e intraobservador y la sensibilidad al cambio. Se encuestaron 161 niños y adolescentes sanos de 3 instituciones educativas y 160 niños y adolescentes enfermos, 81 con enfermedades de menos de 3 meses de evolución y 79 de más de 3 meses de evolución, hospitalizados o ambulatorios, de 3 instituciones de salud, 2 privadas y 1 pública. Resultados: La CV en todas las dimensiones fue menor en los niños y adolescentes enfermos y aún peor en los hospitalizados y en los niños que en las niñas; en los adolescentes fue similar en ambos géneros. Para la validez de constructo las medias de cada uno de los grupos fuero diferentes en todas las dimensiones. En el análisis factorial exploratorio se encontraron 6 categorías, validadas en el análisis factorial confirmatorio. La consistencia interna fue mayor a 0,7 en todas las dimensiones. En todos los dominios el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue superior a 0,87 en la fiabilidad interobservador y mayor a 0,8 en la fiabilidad intraobservador. Conclusión: El KIDSCREEN-27 se puede usar en población de niños y adolescentes del área metropolitana de Medellín ya que mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas de fiabilidad y validez...

Objective: To validate the quality of life questionnaire (QOL) KIDSCREEN-27 in the metropolitan area of Medellin (Colombia). Materials and methods: Validation of a scale of quality of life for children and adolescents aged 8 to 18, healthy and with acute or chronic diseases. We evaluated the construct validity and content, internal consistency, interobserver and intraobserver reliability and sensitivity to change. It surveyed 161 healthy children and adolescents from 3 educational institutions, and 160 ill children and adolescents, 81 with a disease that lasted less than 3 months and 79 with a disease that lasted more than 3 months, inpatients or outpatients from 3 health institutions, 2 public and 1 private 2. Results: QOL in all dimensions was lower in ill children and adolescents and even lower in inpatients. It was also lower in boys than in girls, whereas it was similar for adolescents of both genders. For construct validity the means of each of the groups were different in all dimensions. In the exploratory factor analysis there were 6 categories, validated in the confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was greater than 0.7 in all dimensions. In all domains the intraclass correlation coefficient was above 0.87 in the interobserver reliability and greater than 0.8 in the intraobserver reliability. Conclusion: The KIDSCREEN-27 can be used in children and adolescent population of the metropolitan area of Medellin. It showed adequate psychometric properties of reliability and validity...

Out-patient rehabilitation programme for spinal cord injured patients: evaluation of the results on motor FIM score.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate an out-patient attention programme based on a short in-patient phase followed by an out-patient interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme. METHODS: A prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study was carried out; a phase 2 trial. The study population consisted of 42 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) was the main outcome, and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor scores and morbidity the secondary ones. The intervention was a two-phase goal-based interdisciplinary programme which consisted of a hospital and an ambulatory phase. After an evaluation upon admission to hospital, follow-up was carried out 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months later. RESULTS: Initially, 208 patients were evaluated and only 42 completed the study. The in-patient phase was short (average: 13.5 days) and the out-patient phase lasted 18 months. Motor FIM scores progressively increased from 25/91 up to 69/91 (p < 0.01). Some 25% of the patients had pressure sores at 1 month, and 11.9% still had them after 18 months. Pain was the most frequent complication, in 80% of patients by the third month. Urinary and fecal continence improved during follow-up (74% at 18 months and 81.1% at 12 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Good functional evolution of SCI patients and low morbidity can be obtained with a low-cost out-patient rehabilitation programme. Such a programme must emphasize patient and family education concerning self-care and possible SCI complications.

Calidad de vida y calidad de vida relacionada con la atención en salud / Quality of life and quality of life related health

Se revisan los conceptos existentes sobre calidad de vida en general y Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La primera entendida como lo que hace que una vida sea mejor, a partir de teorías hedonistas, de satisfacción de preferencias y de los ideales de una buena vida. Se discuten términos como bienestar, capacidades, preferencias, autodeterminación y autonomía en sus conexiones con la calidad de vida. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, se define como el componente de la Calidad de vida en general que se debe a las condiciones de atención en salud de las personas y que se refiere a partir de experiencias subjetivas de los pacientes sobre su salud global. Su relevancia es tanto ética, en la toma de decisiones médicas, como en el desarrollo de medidas que evalúen los resultados de intervenciones.