Modeling Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Zebrafish: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons (LMNs), causing muscle weakness, atrophy, and paralysis. SMA is caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and can be classified into four subgroups, depending on its severity. Even though the genetic component of SMA is well known, the precise mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology remain elusive. Thus far, there are three FDA-approved drugs for treating SMA. While these treatments have shown promising results, their costs are extremely high and unaffordable for most patients. Thus, more efforts are needed in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this context, zebrafish (Danio rerio) stands out as an ideal animal model for investigating neurodegenerative diseases like SMA. Its well-defined motor neuron circuits and straightforward neuromuscular structure offer distinct advantages. The zebrafish's suitability arises from its low-cost genetic manipulation and optical transparency exhibited during larval stages, which facilitates in vivo microscopy. This review explores advancements in SMA research over the past two decades, beginning with the creation of the first zebrafish model. Our review focuses on the findings using different SMA zebrafish models generated to date, including potential therapeutic targets such as U snRNPs, Etv5b, PLS3, CORO1C, Pgrn, Cpg15, Uba1, Necdin, and Pgk1, among others. Lastly, we conclude our review by emphasizing the future perspectives in the field, namely exploiting zebrafish capacity for high-throughput screening. Zebrafish, with its unique attributes, proves to be an ideal model for studying motor neuron diseases and unraveling the complexity of neuromuscular defects.

Conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand entre estudiantes de Odontología / Knowledge about von Willebrand's disease among dental students

Introduction: Von Willebrand's disease is the most common bleeding disorder, and is still underdiagnosed for several reasons, including lack of knowledge about the disease. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge about dental care for patients with von Willebrand's disease in students who attended the last academic year of an undergraduate dental program. Methods: a questionnaire with objective questions was applied to 87 students in order to obtain data on the following variables of interest: gender, term of the program, knowledge about the disease, knowledge about the involved coagulation factor, tests for diagnosis, signs and symptoms, procedures necessary during patient care, and medications that should be avoided in von Willebrand's disease. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (21.0) at a significance level of 5 percent. Results: only 21 students (21.14 percent) reported having some knowledge about von Willebrand's disease: 49.02 percent correctly answered that the coagulation factor is involved in von Willebrand's disease, and 29.4 percent correctly answered to the question about the diagnostic tests. Conclusions: students attending the final academic year of an undergraduate dental program have limited knowledge about von Willebrand's disease(AU)

Introducción: la enfermedad de Von Willebrand es el trastorno hemorrágico más común, y todavía está infradiagnosticada por varias razones, incluyendo la falta de conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad. Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento acerca del cuidado dental para pacientes con la enfermedad de Von Willebrand en los estudiantes que asistieron al último año de un programa de odontología de pregrado. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas objetivas a 87 estudiantes para obtener datos sobre las siguientes variables de interés: género, término del programa, conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad, conocimiento sobre el factor de coagulación implicado, pruebas para el diagnóstico, signos y síntomas, procedimientos necesarios durante el cuidado de pacientes y los medicamentos que deben evitarse en la enfermedad de Von Willebrand. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando IBM SPSS (21.0) a un nivel de significación del 5 por ciento. Resultados: solo 21 estudiantes (21,14 por ciento) reportaron tener algún conocimiento sobre la enfermedad de Von Willebrand: 49,02 por ciento respondió correctamente cuál es el factor de coagulación que está involucrado en enfermedad de Von Willebrand, y el 29,4 por ciento respondió correctamente a la pregunta sobre las pruebas diagnósticas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes que asisten al último año de un programa de odontología de grado tienen un conocimiento limitado acerca de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand(AU)

Conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand entre estudiantes de Odontología / Knowledge about von Willebrand's disease among dental students

Introduction: Von Willebrand's disease is the most common bleeding disorder, and is still underdiagnosed for several reasons, including lack of knowledge about the disease. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge about dental care for patients with von Willebrand's disease in students who attended the last academic year of an undergraduate dental program. Methods: a questionnaire with objective questions was applied to 87 students in order to obtain data on the following variables of interest: gender, term of the program, knowledge about the disease, knowledge about the involved coagulation factor, tests for diagnosis, signs and symptoms, procedures necessary during patient care, and medications that should be avoided in von Willebrand's disease. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (21.0) at a significance level of 5 percent. Results: only 21 students (21.14 percent) reported having some knowledge about von Willebrand's disease: 49.02 percent correctly answered that the coagulation factor is involved in von Willebrand's disease, and 29.4 percent correctly answered to the question about the diagnostic tests. Conclusions: students attending the final academic year of an undergraduate dental program have limited knowledge about von Willebrand's disease(AU)

Introducción: la enfermedad de Von Willebrand es el trastorno hemorrágico más común, y todavía está infradiagnosticada por varias razones, incluyendo la falta de conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad. Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento acerca del cuidado dental para pacientes con la enfermedad de Von Willebrand en los estudiantes que asistieron al último año de un programa de odontología de pregrado. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas objetivas a 87 estudiantes para obtener datos sobre las siguientes variables de interés: género, término del programa, conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad, conocimiento sobre el factor de coagulación implicado, pruebas para el diagnóstico, signos y síntomas, procedimientos necesarios durante el cuidado de pacientes y los medicamentos que deben evitarse en la enfermedad de Von Willebrand. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando IBM SPSS (21.0) a un nivel de significación del 5 por ciento. Resultados: solo 21 estudiantes (21,14 por ciento) reportaron tener algún conocimiento sobre la enfermedad de Von Willebrand: 49,02 por ciento respondió correctamente cuál es el factor de coagulación que está involucrado en enfermedad de Von Willebrand, y el 29,4 por ciento respondió correctamente a la pregunta sobre las pruebas diagnósticas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes que asisten al último año de un programa de odontología de grado tienen un conocimiento limitado acerca de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand(AU)

Plataforma Switching: considerações atuais / Platform Switching: an update

A utilização de implantes na reabilitação dentária em associação a próteses torna-se um tratamento cada vez mais gradativo e eficiente para aqueles dispostos a recuperar a função mastigatória, fonética e estética de seus elementos dentários, conferindo-lhes naturalidade. O implante consiste num parafuso de titânio instalado através de cirurgia e submetido à osseointegração em maxila ou mandíbula. Sobre a plataforma do implante acopla-se um componente protético de mesmo diâmetro. Todavia, o conceito de Plataforma Switching referese ao uso do componente protético de diâmetro menor quando comparado ao diâmetro da plataforma do implante. Essa técnica faz com que a junção implante-pilar se direcione para a porção mais central distanciandoa da crista óssea alveolar. Esse aspecto tem gerado aceitação por parte dos tecidos duros e moles, evitando a formação de micro-espaços na crista do osso e reduzindo o estresse sobre ele. Estudos comprovam que o uso da plataforma switching em Implantodontia atua na manutenção dos níveis de osso minimizando sua perda e favorecendo a estabilidade primária, embora alguns autores afirmem que essa redução é insignificante. Esperase que esta revisão aflore o interesse de mais pesquisadores, de forma a ampliar o campo de estudo teórico, prático e clínico, a fim de garantir maiores evidências a respeito dos benefícios da plataforma switching e delimitar suas restrições para cada caso

The use of implants in dental rehabilitation in combination with prosthesis is becoming a more gradual and efficient treatment for those willing to recover the masticatory, phonetic and aesthetic functions of their teeth, providing them with naturalness. The implant consists of a titanium screw installed by means of surgery being submitted to osseointegration in the maxilla or mandible. Above the implant platform a prosthetic component of the same diameter is coupled. However, the concept of platform switching refers to the use of the prosthetic component with smaller diameter compared to the diameter of the implant platform. This technique allows the implant-abutment junction to orientate itself towards the more central portion, distancing itself from the bone alveolar crest. This process has generated adaptation by the hard and soft tissues, preventing the formation of micro-spaces in bone crest and reducing the stress on it. Some studies show that the use of platform switching in Implantology actuates in the maintenance of bone levels, minimizing the loss and favoring primary stability, although some authors state that this reduction is insignificant. It is expected that this review flourishes the interest of more researchers in order to increase the theoretical, practical and clinical of study, to ensure more evidence concerning the benefits of choosing platform switching and define the restrictions for each case

O uso de ansiolítico no pré-atendimento em Odontologia: revisão de literatura / The use of anxiolytic in dentistry pre-attendant: a literature review

A ansiedade produzida perante o procedimento odontológico é um fator que deve ser sempre levado em consideração, principalmente antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos. O profissional deve estar preparado para controlar essa tensão e, dentre as opções existentes, está a utilização de ansiolíticos que promovem sedação consciente, como o Midazolam ou Diazepam. Com relação ao primeiro, um benzodiazepínico, apresenta rápida absorção quando administrado por via oral e extensa margem de segurança. Já o segundo, Diazepam, gera uma sedação de longa duração. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho tem a finalidade de fazer uma revisão da literatura acerca do uso prévio de ansiolítico em Odontologia

The anxiety produced during dental procedure is a factor that should be taken into consideration, especially before surgical procedures. With the aim of controlling it, in dentistry we have several alternatives, including a choice of using anxiolytic drugs: how Midazolam or Diazepam, which promote conscious sedation. With respect to the first, benzodiazepine, has rapid absorption when administered orally and extensive safety margin. The second, Diazepam, generates a long lasting sedation. Therefore, this study aims to do a review of the literature on previous use of oral anxiolytic in surgery, especially concerning the use of midazolam