Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures treated by ORIF. Mid to long-term follow-up study in 28 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) are a serious complication in patients who have undergone hip arthroplasty. Some authors consider revision arthroplasty as the gold standard in the surgical treatment of Vancouver type B2 and B3 PFF. Others, however, prefer treating PFF by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), without revising loose stems, especially in elderly patients. In the present retrospective study, we report mid/long-term results in a series of patients affected by B2 or B3 PFF surgically treated by ORIF, using a locking compression plate (LCP), thus avoiding the need of revision arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 28 patients affected by B2 or B3 PFF surgically treated between 2010 and 2017 by ORIF using a LCP, after an average follow-up of 5.5 years. The average age of the patients at diagnosis was 78 years; in 17 patients, the femoral stem was uncemented while in 11, cemented. The mean interval time between hip arthroplasty and PFF was 6.7 years. Clinical results were assessed using Harris Hip Score (HHS), while radiographic results according to Beals and Tower criteria. RESULTS: At follow-up, HHS ranged from 72 to 96 points; 8 patients had an excellent result, 12 got a good result and 8 a fair result. According to Beals and Tower criteria, all the radiographic results were excellent (9 patients) or good (19 patients). The majority of our patients returned to their previous ambulatory levels. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, in elderly patients affected by Vancouver type B2 or B3 PFF, surgical treatment by ORIF using a locking compression plate, without a stem revision, seems to be associated with satisfactory outcome.

Co-targeting CDK2 and CDK4/6 overcomes resistance to aromatase and CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer.

Resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment and combined CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) are crucial clinical challenges in treating estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Understanding the resistance mechanisms and identifying reliable predictive biomarkers and novel treatment combinations to overcome resistance are urgently needed. Herein, we show that upregulation of CDK6, p-CDK2, and/or cyclin E1 is associated with adaptation and resistance to AI-monotherapy and combined CDK4/6i and ET in ER+ advanced breast cancer. Importantly, co-targeting CDK2 and CDK4/6 with ET synergistically impairs cellular growth, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and delays progression in AI-resistant and combined CDK4/6i and fulvestrant-resistant cell models and in an AI-resistant autocrine breast tumor in a postmenopausal xenograft model. Analysis of CDK6, p-CDK2, and/or cyclin E1 expression as a combined biomarker in metastatic lesions of ER+ advanced breast cancer patients treated with AI-monotherapy or combined CDK4/6i and ET revealed a correlation between high biomarker expression and shorter progression-free survival (PFS), and the biomarker combination was an independent prognostic factor in both patients cohorts. Our study supports the clinical development of therapeutic strategies co-targeting ER, CDK4/6 and CDK2 following progression on AI-monotherapy or combined CDK4/6i and ET to improve survival of patients exhibiting high tumor levels of CDK6, p-CDK2, and/or cyclin E1.

Medial subtalar dislocation from a low-energy trauma. A case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Subtalar dislocation is a rare injury characterized by a simultaneous dislocation of the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints. The most common type is caused by high-energy trauma with medial dislocation of the foot. This injury is frequently associated with fractures, but isolated dislocations are also reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of medial subtalar dislocation secondary to low-energy injury in a 61-year-old woman. Following X-rays and CT scan, prompt closed reduction was performed under sedation and, after reduction, X-rays showed a good realignment of the foot. The CT scan revealed an occult non-displaced fracture of the posterior part of the talus. The patient was managed conservatively by a non-weight bearing cast for four weeks, followed by a rehabilitation program. At follow-up, six months later, we observed a good clinical and radiographic result. DISCUSSION: The reported case confirms that the mechanism of injury is an important factor in predicting the final result, since subtalar dislocations secondary to a high-energy trauma are often associated with significant complications. We believe, in agreement with other authors, that a low-energy trauma generally doesn't produce long-term morbidity. Prompt reduction is very important in order to minimize soft tissue and neurovascular complications, although a CT is recommended to identify occult fractures. CONCLUSION: Subtalar dislocations, caused by low energy trauma, if adequately reduced in the emergency room, generally heal with conservative treatment, reducing the risk of significant complications. However, since we report a single patient, further case analysis is needed to make solid conclusions.

Frecuencia de dirofilariosis en caninos de la localidad 3 de Cartagena, Bolívar (Colombia) / Frequency of dirofilariosis in canines of the locality 3 of Cartagena, Bolívar (Colombia)

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de dirofilariosis en caninos de la localidad 3 de la ciudad de Cartagena. Materiales y métodos: estudio correlacional de corte transversal. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 128 perros con el consentimiento previo e informado de sus dueños. Se registró la información sociodemográfica y los síntomas. A las muestras se les realizo observación directa, extendido de sangre periferia coloreado con Wright y la técnica de Knott. Resultados: se estableció que 19,5% de los perros se encontraban parasitados con Dirofilaria sp. Los signos sugestivos de dirofilariosis más frecuentes fueron pérdida de peso y disminución del apetito (10,9% cada uno). El 76% de los caninos eran mestizos. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de dirofilariosis se concentra principalmente en barrios de escasos recursos, los síntomas identificados son sugestivos de una dirofilariosis canina.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the frequency of dirofilariosis in canines from locality 3 of Cartagena city. Materials and methods: cross-sectional correlational study. Blood samples were taken for 128 dogs prior informed consent by their owners. Sociodemographic information and symptoms were registered. The samples have been analyzed using direct examination, Wright stained blood smear and Knott technique. Results: it was established that 19.5% of dogs were parasitized by Dirofilaria sp. Most common signs suggestive of Dirofilariosis were weight loss, and decreased appetite (10.9% each). 76% were mixed race dogs. Conclusions: the frequency of dirofilariosis focused on lower income neighborhoods. The identified symptoms are suggestive of canine dirofilariasis.

AcnSP - A Novel Small Protein Regulator of Aconitase Activity in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a widely used model cyanobacterium whose genome has been well annotated. However, several additional small protein coding sequences (sORFs) have been recently identified, which might play important roles, for example in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Here, we analyzed the function of a sORF encoding a 44 amino acid peptide showing high similarity to the N-terminal part of aconitase (AcnB). The expression of the gene, which probably originated from a partial gene duplication of chromosomal acnB into the plasmid pSYSA, was verified and it was designated as acnSP. The protein-coding part of acnSP was inactivated by interposon mutagenesis. The obtained mutant displayed slower growth under photoautotrophic conditions with light exceeding 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and showed significant changes in the metabolome compared to wild type, including alterations in many metabolites associated to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. To analyze a possible direct impact of AcnSP on aconitase, the recombinant Synechocystis enzyme was generated and biochemically characterized. Biochemical analysis revealed that addition of equimolar amounts of AcnSP resulted in an improved substrate affinity (lower K m) and lowered V max of aconitase. These results imply that AcnSP can regulate aconitase activity, thereby impacting the carbon flow into the oxidative branch of the cyanobacterial TCA cycle, which is mainly responsible for the synthesis of carbon skeletons needed for ammonia assimilation.

Multiple Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Reduced Craving and Relapses for Alcohol Use: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has been studied as an adjunctive therapeutic agent for alcohol dependence. In a previous study, we showed that five consecutive sessions of tDCS applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) reduced relapse to the use of alcohol in alcohol use disorder (AUD) outpatients. However, no changes on craving scores were observed. In the present study, we investigated if an extended number of sessions of the same intervention would reduce craving and relapses for alcohol use in AUD inpatients. Methods: Thus, a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, clinical trial with parallel arms was conducted (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02091284). AUD patients from two private and one public clinics for treatment of drug dependence were randomly allocated to two groups: real tDCS (5 × 7 cm2, 2 mA, for 20 min, cathodal over the left dlPFC, and anodal over the right dlPFC) and sham-tDCS. Real or sham-tDCS was applied once a day, every other day, in a total of 10 sessions. Craving was monitored by a 5-item obsessive compulsive drinking scale once a week (one time before, three times during and once after brain stimulation) over about 5 weeks. Results: Craving scores progressively decreased over five measurements in both groups but were significantly reduced only in the real tDCS group after treatment. Corrected Hedges' within-group (initial and final) effect sizes of craving scores were of 0.3 for the sham-tDCS and of 1.1 for the real tDCS group. Effect size was 3-fold larger in the real tDCS group. In addition, the between-group analysis on craving score difference was nearly significant, and the effect size was 0.58, in favor for a larger effect in the real tDCS group when compared to sham-tDCS. Furthermore, in a 3-months follow-up after intervention, 72.2% of sham-tDCS group relapsed to the alcohol use whereas 72.7% of tDCS group were abstinent. Conclusions: Multiple sessions of bilateral prefrontal tDCS were well tolerated with no significant adverse events. Thus, extended repetitive bilateral tDCS over the dlPFC is a promising adjunctive clinical tool that could be used to reduce alcohol craving and relapses and facilitate alcoholism cessation.

Características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica / Epidemiological characteristics of patients with chronic critical illness

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: la población de pacientes que requiere cuidados intensivos por tiempo prologado se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas dando lugar a una nueva población de pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica. OBJETIVO: describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio ambispectivo, observacional y descriptivo que incluyó los pacientes ingresados entre el 1 de enero de 2012 al 31 de diciembre de 2015. Se definió a los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica como aquéllos con ventilación mecánica prolongada definida como más de 21 días de ventilación mecánica por más de 6 horas al día. Los pacientes fueron seguidos hasta su egreso hospitalario o defunción. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 284 pacientes, la incidencia de enfermedad crítica crónica fue de 10%. En los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica la escala de APACHE II fue de 19.4±9.7 y sin enfermedad crítica crónica fue de 15.94±8.6 (p=0.044), mientras que la escala SOFA en los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica fue de 8.7±2.6 y 7.01±4.4, respectivamente (p=0.007). La media de días de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica fue de 17.1±9.2 y 8±4.8, respectivamente (p=0.0000). Los días de estancia hospitalaria fueron 45.9±19.7 y 18.3±12.4 en los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica, respectivamente (p=0.0000). La mortalidad en la UCI fue de 18 y 28% en los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica, respectivamente (p=0.0000). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 50 y 16% en los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica, respectivamente (p=0.0000). Egresaron del hospital 32 y 56% de los pacientes con y sin enfermedad crítica crónica, respectivamente (p=0.0000). CONCLUSIONES: la incidencia de enfermedad crítica crónica en nuestro estudio fue similar a la reportada en la bibliografía. La severidad de la enfermedad aguda al ingreso de acuerdo con las escalas SOFA y APACHE se relaciona con la aparición de enfermedad crítica crónica. Los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica tuvieron mayor estancia en la UCI, mayores días de sedación, así como mayor estancia y mortalidad hospitalarias.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Population of patients requiring intensive care for prolonged time has increased in recent decades resulting in a new population of patients with chronic critical illness (CCI). OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with chronic critical illness assisted at Regional Hospital of High Specialty of Oaxaca, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective, prospective, observa tional and descriptive study included patients admitted from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2015. Patients with CCI were defined as those with prolonged mechanical ventilation defined as ≥21 days of ventilation for ≥6 hours/day. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. RESULTS: 284 patients were included; the incidence of CCI was 10%. In patients with CCI the APACHE II score was 19.4±9.7 and without CCI was 15.94±8.6 (p=0.044), while the SOFA scale in patients with CCI was 8.7±2.6 and without CCI 7.01±4.4 (p=0.007). Days of ICU stay were 17.1±9.2 for patients with CCI and 8±4.8 without CCI (p=0.0000). Days of hospital stay were 45.9±19.7 in patients with CCI and 18.3±12.4 in patients without CCI (p=0.0000). ICU mortality was 18% in patients with CCI and 28% in patients without CCI (p=0.0000). The hospital mortality was 50% in patients with CCI and 16% in patients without CCI (p=0.0000). Discharged from hospital were 32% of patients with CCI and 56% of patients without CCI (p=0.0000). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of CCI in our study was similar to that reported in the literature. Severity of acute disease income according to APACHE and SOFA scales was related to the development of CCI. Patients with chronic critical illness had higher ICU stay, more days sedation, longer hospital stays and increased hospital mortality.

Cyanobacterial nitrogenases: phylogenetic diversity, regulation and functional predictions.

Cyanobacteria is a remarkable group of prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms, with several genera capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and presenting a wide range of morphologies. Although the nitrogenase complex is not present in all cyanobacterial taxa, it is spread across several cyanobacterial strains. The nitrogenase complex has also a high theoretical potential for biofuel production, since H2 is a by-product produced during N2 fixation. In this review we discuss the significance of a relatively wide variety of cell morphologies and metabolic strategies that allow spatial and temporal separation of N2 fixation from photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 16S rRNA and nifD gene sequences shed light on the evolutionary history of the two genes. Our results demonstrated that (i) sequences of genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifD) from several morphologically distinct strains of cyanobacteria are grouped in similarity with their morphology classification and phylogeny, and (ii) nifD genes from heterocytous strains share a common ancestor. By using this data we also discuss the evolutionary importance of processes such as horizontal gene transfer and genetic duplication for nitrogenase evolution and diversification. Finally, we discuss the importance of H2 synthesis in cyanobacteria, as well as strategies and challenges to improve cyanobacterial H2 production.

Cyanobacterial nitrogenases: phylogenetic diversity, regulation and functional predictions

Abstract Cyanobacteria is a remarkable group of prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms, with several genera capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and presenting a wide range of morphologies. Although the nitrogenase complex is not present in all cyanobacterial taxa, it is spread across several cyanobacterial strains. The nitrogenase complex has also a high theoretical potential for biofuel production, since H2 is a by-product produced during N2 fixation. In this review we discuss the significance of a relatively wide variety of cell morphologies and metabolic strategies that allow spatial and temporal separation of N2 fixation from photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 16S rRNA and nifD gene sequences shed light on the evolutionary history of the two genes. Our results demonstrated that (i) sequences of genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifD) from several morphologically distinct strains of cyanobacteria are grouped in similarity with their morphology classification and phylogeny, and (ii) nifD genes from heterocytous strains share a common ancestor. By using this data we also discuss the evolutionary importance of processes such as horizontal gene transfer and genetic duplication for nitrogenase evolution and diversification. Finally, we discuss the importance of H2 synthesis in cyanobacteria, as well as strategies and challenges to improve cyanobacterial H2 production.

[False positive result in mammography and its association with the presence of obesity: a case-control study]. / Resultado falso positivo en la mamografía y su asociación con la presencia de obesidad: un estudio de casos y controles.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between a false positive result in mammography and obesity, inside the breast cancer early detection program in women affiliated to the Institute of Security and Social Services for Government and Municipality workers of the State of Baja California (ISSSTECALI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control, retrospective study was done in women affiliated to ISSSTECALI to whom a mammography was performed between 2009 and 2012. Women with a false positive result in mammography were included as cases. Controls were women with a true negative result in mammography. Three controls were randomly selected for each case. Obesity was established with the body mass index (BMI) consigned in the woman's clinical file. Age and estrogen replacement therapy were included as co-variables. RESULTS: Seventy nine cases were identified and 237 controls were included. Obesity was observed in 54.4% of cases and in 41.3% of controls (odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval for odds ratio: 1.01-2.82; p value: 0.043). A logistic regression model including covariables maintained the observed association (p = 0.044). No association was found with analyzed co-variables. CONCLUSIONS: A false positive result in mammography was associated with the presence of obesity.

Tuberculosis peritoneal simulando carcinomatosis peritoneal en paciente en hemodiálisis: Reporte de caso / A Case Report Peritoneal Tuberculosis Simulating Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in a Hemodialysis Patient

Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 69 años inmunosuprimido, con insuficiencia renal en hemodiálisis, con cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico y enfermedad diarreica aguda, que progresó a obstrucción intestinal, por lo que fue llevado a laparoscopia diagnóstica que reportó carcinomatosis peritoneal, pero cuyo diagnóstico histológico final fue tuberculosis peritoneal.

This is a case study of a 69 year old immunosuppressed man with renal failure who was on hemodialysis. He developed chronic abdominal pain and acute diarrhea that progressed to intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic laparoscopy reported peritoneal carcinomatosis, but histological diagnosis showed that it was peritoneal tuberculosis.

Growth responses and ion accumulation in the halophytic legume Prosopis strombulifera are determined by Na2SO4 and NaCl.

Halophytes are potential gene sources for genetic manipulation of economically important crop species. This study addresses the physiological responses of a widespread halophyte, Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth to salinity. We hypothesised that increasing concentrations of the two major salts present in soils of central Argentina (Na2SO4, NaCl, or their iso-osmotic mixture) would produce distinct physiological responses. We used hydroponically grown P. strombulifera to test this hypothesis, analysing growth parameters, water relations, photosynthetic pigments, cations and anions. These plants showed a halophytic response to NaCl, but strong general inhibition of growth in response to iso-osmotic solutions containing Na2SO4. The explanation for the adaptive success of P. strombulifera in high NaCl conditions seems to be related to a delicate balance between Na(+) accumulation (and its use for osmotic adjustment) and efficient compartmentalisation in vacuoles, the ability of the whole plant to ensure sufficient K(+) supply by maintaining high K(+)/Na(+) discrimination, and maintenance of normal Ca(2+) levels in leaves. The three salt treatments had different effects on the accumulation of ions. Findings in bi-saline-treated plants were of particular interest, where most of the physiological parameters studied showed partial alleviation of SO4(2-)-induced toxicity by Cl(-). Thus, discussions on physiological responses to salinity could be further expanded in a way that more closely mimics natural salt environments.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in morbidity obese candidates for bariatric surgery with and without binge eating disorder.

AIMS: To analyze changes in the general and specific psychopathology of morbidly obese bariatric surgery (BS) candidates after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess differences between patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and between patients with obesity grades III and IV, studying their influence on weight loss. METHODS: 110 consecutive morbidly obese BS candidates [77 females; aged 41 ± 9 yrs; body mass index 49.1 ± 9.0 kg/m²] entered a three-month CBT program (12 two-hour sessions) before BS. Participants were assessed with general and specific psychopathology tests pre- and post-CBT. Data were analyzed according to the degree of obesity and presence/ absence of BED. RESULTS: At baseline, BED patients were more anxious and depressive with lower self-esteem and quality of life versus non-BED patients (p < 0.05) and were more concerned with food, weight and figure, felt greater hunger, fear and guilt, and were more influenced by contextual cues (p < 0.005). Post-CBT, these differences in self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders disappeared due to significant improvements in BED patients. No difference between OIII and OIV groups was found in any psychopathology test pre- or post-CBT. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBT was effective to treat psychological comorbidity regardless of the presence/ absence of BED or degree of obesity. At 1 yr post-CBT, weight loss versus baseline (before CTT) was > 10% in 61%, with no intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBT is effective to treat psychological comorbidity in BS candidates, regardless of the presence of BED and degree of obesity.

Objetivo: Analizar cambios en la psicopatología general y específica de pacientes con obesidad mórbida (OM) candidatos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) tras aplicación de terapia cognitiva-conductual(TCC) y evaluar diferencias entre pacientes con y sin trastorno por atracón (TA y NTA respectivamente), y entre grados de obesidad III y IV; estudiando su influencia en la pérdida peso. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron110 pacientes candidatos a CB [77mujeres; con 41 ± 9 años e IMC 49,1 ± 9,0 kg/m2] que recibieron TCC preoperatoria (12-sesiones de 2 horas) Se evalúo comorbolidad psicológica pre-post-TCC mediante test validados para la población española. Resultados: Basalmente los pacientes con TA mostraron mayor ansiedad y depresión y menor autoestima y calidad de vida que aquellos NTA (p < 0,05). También mostraron mayor preocupación por la comida, el peso y la figura revelando sentir más hambre, temor y culpa, importándoles más el contexto (p < 0,005). Tras TCC, las diferencias en autoestima, depresión y desordenes alimentarios desaparecieron, asociado a una significativa mejoría en pacientes con TA. No hubo diferencias entre grados de obesidad III y IV en ninguno de los test pre y post-TCC aplicados. El análisis multivariante demostró efectividad de la TCC para tratar la psicopatología independientemente de la presencia de TA o del grado de obesidad. Tras 1 año post-TCC, la pérdida de peso con respecto a la basal fue > 10% en 67 pacientes. Sin diferencia entre los grupos de estudio. Conclusiones: La TCC es efectiva en el tratamiento de la comorbilidad psicológica, independientemente de la presencia de TA y del grado de obesidad.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in morbidity obese candidates for bariatric surgery with and without binge eating disorder / Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en obesos mórbidos candidatos a cirugía bariátrica con o sin trastorno por atracón

AIMS: To analyze changes in the general and specific psychopathology of morbidly obese bariatric surgery (BS) candidates after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess differences between patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and between patients with obesity grades III and IV, studying their influence on weight loss. METHODS: 110 consecutive morbidly obese BS candidates [77 females; aged 41 ± 9 yrs; body mass index 49.1 ± 9.0 kg/m²] entered a three-month CBT program (12 two-hour sessions) before BS. Participants were assessed with general and specific psychopathology tests pre- and post-CBT. Data were analyzed according to the degree of obesity and presence/ absence of BED.RESULTS: At baseline, BED patients were more anxious and depressive with lower self-esteem and quality of life versus non-BED patients (p < 0.05) and were more concerned with food, weight and figure, felt greater hunger, fear and guilt, and were more influenced by contextual cues (p < 0.005). Post-CBT, these differences in self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders disappeared due to significant improvements in BED patients. No difference between OIII and OIV groups was found in any psychopathology test pre- or post-CBT. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBT was effective to treat psychological comorbidity regardless of the presence/ absence of BED or degree of obesity. At 1 yr post-CBT, weight loss versus baseline (before CTT) was > 10% in 61%, with no intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBT is effective to treat psychological comorbidity in BS candidates, regardless of the presence of BED and degree of obesity (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar cambios en la psicopatología general y específica de pacientes con obesidad mórbida (OM) candidatos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) tras aplicación de terapia cognitiva-conductual(TCC) y evaluar diferencias entre pacientes con y sin trastorno por atracón (TA y NTA respectivamente), y entre grados de obesidad III y IV; estudiando su influencia en la pérdida peso. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron110 pacientes candidatos a CB [77mujeres; con 41 ± 9 años e IMC 49,1 ± 9,0 kg/m2] que recibieron TCC preoperatoria (12-sesiones de 2 horas) Se evalúo comorbolidad psicológica pre-post-TCC mediante test validados para la población española. Resultados: Basalmente los pacientes con TA mostraron mayor ansiedad y depresión y menor autoestima y calidad de vida que aquellos NTA (p < 0,05). También mostraron mayor preocupación por la comida, el peso y la figura revelando sentir más hambre, temor y culpa, importándoles más el contexto (p < 0,005). Tras TCC, las diferencias en autoestima, depresión y desordenes alimentarios desaparecieron, asociado a una significativa mejoría en pacientes con TA. No hubo diferencias entre grados de obesidad III y IV en ninguno de los test pre y post-TCC aplicados. El análisis multivariante demostró efectividad de la TCC para tratar la psicopatología independientemente de la presencia de TA o del grado de obesidad. Tras 1 año post-TCC, la pérdida de peso con respecto a la basal fue > 10% en 67 pacientes. Sin diferencia entre los grupos de estudio. Conclusiones: La TCC es efectiva en el tratamiento de la comorbilidad psicológica, independientemente de la presencia de TA y del grado de obesidad (AU)

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en la pérdida de peso tras dos años de cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida / Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on weight loss after two years of bariatric surgery in morbidity obese patients

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) en el éxito de la pérdida de peso postoperatoria tras 2 años de CB. Metodología: Estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes entre 18 y 59 años candidatos a CB, entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010, realizando seguimiento postoperatorio hasta junio de 2012. Se compararon dos grupos de estudio de acuerdo a su participación en TCC o no. Se tomaron datos de peso corporal y estatura, a partir de las cuales se calculó el IMC y porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (Peso perdido x 100)/(Peso inicial-Peso ideal), clasificando a los pacientes como exitosos (E) los que lograron un EPP > 50% y como no exitosos (NE) aquellos con EPP < 50%. Asimismo se examinaron psicopatología general (estrés, ansiedad, depresión y autoestima) y específica de la conducta alimentaria (trastorno por atracón y ansia por la comida) mediante test validados para población española. Resultados: De los 35 pacientes intervenidos, 30 respondieron a la valoración postcirugía. 16 de ellos pasaron por TCC antes de la CB y 14 fueron intervenidos sin recibir terapia psico-nutricional, (76% mujeres) con edad media de 41 ± 9,5 años. El IMC basal medio fue de 42 ± 10 y un 45% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como superobesos (IMC: 56 ± 6). La media de exceso de peso perdido (EPP) fue de 77%. Según el EPP se clasificaron como "exitosos" (E) a 17 pacientes (59%) y "no exitosos" a 13 (41%). De los pacientes catalogados como E, el 94% paso por TCC (15 individuos de los 17 totales) comparados con solo el 12% que no la recibió (2 individuos de los 17 totales) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Asimismo, se observo menor incidencia de trastornos psicológicos comparados con los NE. En concreto, resultaron estar significativamente menos ansiosos y estresados y tener mayor autoestima (P < 0,05). En cuanto a la psicopatología específica, por un lado, el ansia por la comida guiada por el hambre, la pérdida de control sobre la ingesta alimentaria y el sentimiento de culpa fue menor en los pacientes que lograron >50% de EPP (p < 0,04, p < 0,001, y p < 0,001, respectivamente). También se observó que este grupo de pacientes hacían menos planes para comer y comían menos por refuerzo positivo (p < 0,03 y p < 0,000, respectivamente) que el grupo de pacientes NE. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que lograron resultados exitosos en la evolución de la perdida de peso a los dos años de CB son en su mayoría (94%) aquellos que recibieron TCC, presentando menor comorbilidad psicológica que los NE. La TCC podría influir positivamente en los resultados postoperatorios (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the success of postoperative weight loss after 2 years of CB. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in consecutive patients with morbid obesity aged between 18 and 59 yrs and enrolled in the bariatric surgery program of the Obesity Surgery Unit of our hospital from June 2007 through June 2010, with two years postoperative follow-up. Participants were divided into two groups according to their participation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or not. Over a 3-month period, CBT was applied in 12 2-h sessions. The main dependent variables studied were body weight and height, from which we calculated BMI and percentage of excess weight lost (weight lost x 100)/(initial weight-ideal weight), classifying patients as successful (E ) those with EPP > 50%, and unsuccessful (NE) those with EPP <50%. Participants were also, assessed for general (stress, anxiety, depression and self-esteem) and specific (binge eating and food craving) psychopathology. Results: Of the 35 patients with bariatric surgery, 30 responded postoperative evaluations, 16 underwent CBT before CB and 14 underwent surgery without receiving psycho-nutritional therapy, (76% female) with a mean age of 41 ± 9.5 years. The mean baseline BMI was 42 ± 10 and 45% of patients were classified as super obese (BMI: 56 ± 6). Mean excess weight loss (EPP) was 77%. According to the EPP were classified as "successful" (S) (59%) and "unsuccessful" (U) (41%). Of the patients assigned to S, 94% received CBT (15 individuals of 17 total), compared with only 12% who did not receive (2 individuals of the 17 total) with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Also, the S patients appeared to be significantly less anxious and stressed and have higher self-esteem (P < 0.05). Regarding specific psychopathology, the food craving guided by hunger, loss of control over food intake and guilt was lower in patients who achieved > 50% of EPP (p < 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was also noted that these patients were plans to eat less and ate less for positive reinforcement (p < 0.03 and p < 0.000, respectively) than the patient group NE. Conclusions: Patients who achieved successful results in the evolution of weight loss at two years of CB are mostly (94%) who received CBT, presenting lower psychological comorbidity than NE. CBT could positively influence postoperative outcomes (AU)

[Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on weight loss after two years of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients]. / Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en la pérdida de peso tras dos años de cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the success of postoperative weight loss after 2 years of CB. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in consecutive patients with morbid obesity aged between 18 and 59 yrs and enrolled in the bariatric surgery program of the Obesity Surgery Unit of our hospital from June 2007 through June 2010, with two years postoperative follow-up. Participants were divided into two groups according to their participation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or not. Over a 3-month period, CBT was applied in 12 2-h sessions. The main dependent variables studied were body weight and height, from which we calculated BMI and percentage of excess weight lost (weight lost x 100)/(initial weight-ideal weight), classifying patients as successful (E ) those with EPP > 50%, and unsuccessful (NE) those with EPP <50%. Participants were also, assessed for general (stress, anxiety, depression and self-esteem) and specific (binge eating and food craving) psychopathology. RESULTS: Of the 35 patients with bariatric surgery, 30 responded postoperative evaluations, 16 underwent CBT before CB and 14 underwent surgery without receiving psycho-nutritional therapy, (76% female) with a mean age of 41 ± 9.5 years. The mean baseline BMI was 42 ± 10 and 45% of patients were classified as super obese (BMI: 56 ± 6). Mean excess weight loss (EPP) was 77%. According to the EPP were classified as "successful" (S) (59%) and "unsuccessful" (U) (41%). Of the patients assigned to S, 94% received CBT (15 individuals of 17 total), compared with only 12% who did not receive (2 individuals of the 17 total) with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Also, the S patients appeared to be significantly less anxious and stressed and have higher self-esteem (P < 0.05). Regarding specific psychopathology, the food craving guided by hunger, loss of control over food intake and guilt was lower in patients who achieved > 50% of EPP (p < 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was also noted that these patients were plans to eat less and ate less for positive reinforcement (p < 0.03 and p < 0.000, respectively) than the patient group NE. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who achieved successful results in the evolution of weight loss at two years of CB are mostly (94%) who received CBT, presenting lower psychological comorbidity than NE. CBT could positively influence postoperative outcomes.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) en el éxito de la pérdida de peso postoperatoria tras 2 años de CB. Metodología: Estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes entre 18 y 59 años candidatos a CB, entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010, realizando seguimiento postoperatorio hasta junio de 2012. Se compararon dos grupos de estudio de acuerdo a su participación en TCC o no. Se tomaron datos de peso corporal y estatura, a partir de las cuales se calculó el IMC y porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (Peso perdido x 100)/(Peso inicial-Peso ideal), clasificando a los pacientes como exitosos (E) los que logaron un EPP > 50% y como no exitosos (NE) aquellos con EPP < 50%. Asimismo se examinaron psicopatología general (estrés, ansiedad, depresión y autoestima) y específica de la conducta alimentaria (trastorno por atracón y ansia por la comida) mediante test validados para población española. Resultados: De los 35 pacientes intervenidos, 30 respondieron a la valoración postcirugía. 16 de ellos pasaron por TCC antes de la CB y 14 fueron intervenidos sin recibir terapia pisco-nutricional, (76% mujeres) con edad media de 41 ± 9,5 años. El IMC basal medio fue de 42 ± 10 y un 45% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como superobesos (IMC: 56 ± 6). La media de exceso de peso perdido (EPP) fue de 77%. Según el EPP se clasificaron como "exitosos" (E) a 17 pacientes (59%) y "no exitosos" a 13 (41%). De los pacientes catalogados como E, el 94% paso por TCC (15 individuos de los 17 totales) comparados con solo el 12% que no la recibió (2 individuos de los 17 totales) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Asimismo, se observo menor incidencia de trastornos psicológicos comparados con los NE. En concreto, resultaron estar significativamente menos ansiosos y estresados y tener mayor autoestima (P < 0,05). En cuanto a la psicopatología específica, por un lado, el ansia por la comida guiada por el hambre, la pérdida de control sobre la ingesta alimentaria y el sentimiento de culpa fue menor en los pacientes que lograron >50% de EPP (p < 0,04, p < 0,001, y p < 0,001, respectivamente). También se observó que este grupo de pacientes hacían menos planes para comer y comían menos por refuerzo positivo (p < 0,03 y p < 0,000, respectivamente) que el grupo de pacientes NE. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que lograron resultados exitosos en la evolución de la perdida de peso a los dos años de CB son en su mayoría (94%) aquellos que recibieron TCC, presentando menor comorbilidad psicológica que los NE. La TCC podría influir positivamente en los resultados postoperatorios.

Multiple congenital bilateral trigger digits in a 2-year-old child: case report.

Trigger finger is a rare condition in children. In this paper, we report on a 2-year-old boy with multiple congenital bilateral trigger digits. The patient had no history of perinatal trauma, viral or bacterial infections, or metabolic disorders. The patient was treated with physiotherapy for one year. At the one-year follow-up, the boy presented with six trigger fingers (3 on the right hand, 3 on the left hand). Neither thumb was involved. The six trigger fingers were treated surgically: first, the right-hand trigger fingers and, six months later, those of the left hand. After each operation, a 4-week brace in extension was applied to the operated hand. The symptoms were completely resolved after surgical treatment. Many authors have recommended surgical release for the treatment of trigger finger in children; empirical treatment with physiotherapy may be an option when symptoms present or appear at an older age.

Different sodium salts cause different solute accumulation in the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera.

The success of Prosopis strombulifera in growing under high NaCl concentrations involves a carefully controlled balance among different processes, including compartmentation of Cl(-) and Na(+) in leaf vacuoles, exclusion of Na(+) in roots, osmotic adjustment and low transpiration. In contrast, Na(2) SO(4) causes growth inhibition and toxicity. We propose that protection of the cytoplasm can be achieved through production of high endogenous levels of specific compatible solutes. To test our hypothesis, we examined endogenous levels of compatible solutes in roots and leaves of 29-, 40- and 48-day-old P. strombulifera plants grown in media containing various concentrations of NaCl, Na(2) SO(4) or in mixtures of both, with osmotic potentials of -1.0,-1.9 and -2.6 MPa, as correlated with changes in hydric parameters. At 24 h after the last pulse plants grown in high NaCl concentrations had higher relative water content and relatively higher osmotic potential than plants grown in Na(2) SO(4) (at 49 days). These plants also had increased synthesis of proline, pinitol and mannitol in the cytoplasm, accompanied by normal carbon metabolism. When the sulphate anion is present in the medium, the capacities for ion compartmentalisation and osmotic adjustment are reduced, resulting in water imbalance and symptoms of toxicity due to altered carbon metabolism, e.g. synthesis of sorbitol instead of mannitol, reduced sucrose production and protein content. This inhibition was partially mitigated when both anions were present together in the solution, demonstrating a detrimental effect of the sulphate ion on plant growth.

Mobility of Xe atoms within the oxygen diffusion channel of cytochrome ba(3) oxidase.

We use a form of "freeze-trap, kinetic crystallography" to explore the migration of Xe atoms away from the dinuclear heme a(3)/Cu(B) center in Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba(3) oxidase. This enzyme is a member of the heme-copper oxidase superfamily and is thus crucial for dioxygen-dependent life. The mechanisms involved in the migration of oxygen, water, electrons, and protons into and/or out of the specialized channels of the heme-copper oxidases are generally not well understood. Pressurization of crystals with Xe gas previously revealed a O(2) diffusion channel in cytochrome ba(3) oxidase that is continuous, Y-shaped, 18-20 Šin length and comprised of hydrophobic residues, connecting the protein surface within the bilayer to the a(3)-Cu(B) center in the active site. To understand movement of gas molecules within the O(2) channel, we performed crystallographic analysis of 19 Xe laden crystals freeze-trapped in liquid nitrogen at selected times between 0 and 480 s while undergoing outgassing at room temperature. Variation in Xe crystallographic occupancy at five discrete sites as a function of time leads to a kinetic model revealing relative degrees of mobility of Xe atoms within the channel. Xe egress occurs primarily through the channel formed by the Xe1 → Xe5 → Xe3 → Xe4 sites, suggesting that ingress of O(2) is likely to occur by the reverse of this process. The channel itself appears not to undergo significant structural changes during Xe migration, thereby indicating a passive role in this important physiological function.

Detection of low numbers of Bacillus anthracis spores in three soils using five commercial DNA extraction methods with and without an enrichment step.

AIMS: To (i) compare the limits of detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in three soils (one Florida, one Texas, and one a commercial Garden product) by PCR using DNA extracted with five commercial extraction kits and (ii) examine if removing organic acids or adding an enrichment step utilizing a growth medium will improve the detection limits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacillus anthracis spores were added to soil aliquots and used immediately with a DNA extraction kit or pretreated to remove organics or incubated overnight in a selective growth medium before the DNA extraction was performed. Using hybridization and PCR assays for capC, pag and lef genes, 10(5) -10(6) B. anthracis spores were detected in untreated Florida soil, 10(4) -10(7) spores in untreated Texas soil and 10(6) -10(7) in Garden soil. Pretreatment did not reliably improve detection. DNA from untreated and pretreated soils was suitable for hybridization but not always for PCR. When 10(1) -10(2) spores were added to the soils and allowed to amplify in a growth medium selective for B. anthracis, DNA extracted using four methods reliably produced PCR acceptable DNA positive for the B. anthracis genes. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of DNA extracted with commercial kits appears to be influenced by the soil type and pretreatment. Yet, with an enrichment step added, four of five extraction methods produced PCR suitable DNA and detected ≤10(2) spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The enrichment step could enhance the detection of B. anthracis spores in soils and small samples contaminated with soil.