A Spanish adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care - Inpatient Staff (QPC-IPS) instrument: Psychometric properties and factor structure / Adaptación española de Calidad en la Atención en Salud Mental - Instrumento para los Profesionales de Hospitalización (QPC-IPS): propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial

BACKGROUND: Western countries share an interest in evaluating quality of care in the healthcare field. In spite of this, there is a lack of intercultural comparison of the perceptions of professionals. One reason for this may be the lack of standardized instruments. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties and dimensions of the Spanish version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatients Staff (QPC-IPS) instrument. METHODS: After translation and revision of the instrument by a panel of experts, a questionnaire was obtained in Spanish that was administered to a pilot sample. A total of 163 professionals participated in the study. RESULTS: After conducting pilot testing and a cognitive interview with 30 professionals, it was determined that the QPC-IPS was adequate and could be self-administered. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed six factors that explained 60.9% of the variation. In terms of internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 was obtained for the full instrument. For test retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall questionnaire was 0.91. Convergent validity was analyzed using the NTP394 satisfaction instrument, yielding a positive correlation (0.58). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, temporal stability (test-retest), content validity, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were adequate. These results confirm that the structure of the Spanish version is similar to the original Swedish version of the QPC-IP

FUNDAMENTO: Los países occidentales comparten un interés en evaluar la calidad de la atención en el campo de la salud. A pesar de esto, existe una falta de comparación intercultural de las percepciones de los profesionales. Una razón para esto puede ser la falta de instrumentos estandarizados. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las propiedades psicométricas y las dimensiones de la versión española del instrumento Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatients Staff (QPC-IPS). MÉTODOS: Tras la traducción y revisión del instrumento por un panel de expertos se obtuvo un cuestionario en español que fue administrado a una muestra piloto. La muestra estuvo configurada por 163 profesionales. RESULTADOS: Después de realizar una prueba piloto y una entrevista cognitiva con 30 profesionales, se determinó que el QPC-IPS era adecuado y podía autoadministrarse. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó seis factores que explican el 60,9% de la varianza. Mediante el análisis de consistencia interna, se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,92 para el total del instrumento. Para la fiabilidad del test-retest, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase para el cuestionario general fue de 0,91. La validez convergente se analizó utilizando el instrumento de satisfacción NTP394, produciendo una correlación positiva (0,58). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados demostraron que las propiedades psicométricas en términos de consistencia interna, estabilidad temporal (test-retest), validez de contenido y validez de constructo (análisis factorial confirmatorio) fueron adecuadas

A Spanish adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care - Inpatient Staff (QPC-IPS) instrument: Psychometric properties and factor structure.

BACKGROUND: Western countries share an interest in evaluating quality of care in the healthcare field. In spite of this, there is a lack of intercultural comparison of the perceptions of professionals. One reason for this may be the lack of standardized instruments. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties and dimensions of the Spanish version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Inpatients Staff (QPC-IPS) instrument. METHODS: After translation and revision of the instrument by a panel of experts, a questionnaire was obtained in Spanish that was administered to a pilot sample. A total of 163 professionals participated in the study. RESULTS: After conducting pilot testing and a cognitive interview with 30 professionals, it was determined that the QPC-IPS was adequate and could be self-administered. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed six factors that explained 60.9% of the variation. In terms of internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 was obtained for the full instrument. For test re-test reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall questionnaire was 0.91. Convergent validity was analyzed using the NTP394 satisfaction instrument, yielding a positive correlation (0.58). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, temporal stability (test-retest), content validity, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were adequate. These results confirm that the structure of the Spanish version is similar to the original Swedish version of the QPC-IP.

The patient's view of quality in psychiatric outpatient care.

The influence of demographic characteristics on patients' ratings of the quality of psychiatric outpatient care has been given little attention in research. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the quality of psychiatric care among outpatients and investigate demographic and clinical factors associated with the way in which this quality is perceived. A sample of 1340 outpatients from 15 general adult psychiatric clinics in Sweden completed the quality in psychiatric care-out-patient (QPC-OP), with a response rate of 71%. The patients' highest ratings were for Encounter; the lowest were for discharge. Most notably, quality of care was rated higher by women, older people, those with a partner, those with a lower educational level and those who were gainfully employed. In regard to visits to the clinic, higher quality of care was associated with shorter waiting time, better information and fewer professions encounters. Older people and those gainfully employed reported better mental health. Thus the QPC-OP was associated with both demographic and clinical factors. In particular, 'wanting to come back to the clinic' was the single strongest predictor of quality.

Facial EMG reactions to facial expressions: a case of facial emotional contagion?

The purpose of this study is to explore whether subjects exposed to stimuli of facial expressions respond with facial electromyographic (EMG) reactions consistent with the hypothesis that facial expressions are contagious. This study further examines whether males and females differ in facial EMG intensity. Two experiments demonstrated that subjects responded with facial EMG activity over the corrugator supercilii, the zygomatic major, the lateral frontalis, the depressor supercilii, and the levator labii muscle regions to stimuli of sad, angry, fearful, surprised, disgusted and happy faces, that, to large extent, were consistent with the hypothesis that facial expressions are contagious. Aspects of gender differences reported in earlier studies were found, indicating a tendency for females to respond with more pronounced facial EMG intensity.