A multicenter cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of geriatric nurses regarding dysphagia care.

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is common in the elderly population, and it can lead to complications such as aspiration, undernutrition, and psychological and social interaction disorders in the elderly and have a great impact on quality of life. This study aimed to understand the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of geriatric nurses regarding dysphagia care for elderly adults and to analyze the relevant influencing factors to improve care plans for elderly patients with dysphagia. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional survey of 782 geriatric nurses from 17 hospitals in Sichuan Province was conducted using a questionnaire to determine their KAP regarding dysphagia care. RESULTS: The geriatric nurses' mean score for geriatric dysphagia-related knowledge was 55.30±0.61 (out of a total score of 100). The results of a univariate analysis showed that the geriatric dysphagia-related knowledge scores differed significantly among the nurses according to their age, education level, title, hospital level, and years of work experience (P<0.05). The multivariate regression results indicated that title, hospital level, and experience with caring for elderly patients with dysphagia were the main factors that influenced geriatric dysphagia-related knowledge scores. CONCLUSIONS: The geriatric nurses had acceptable practices and attitudes regarding dysphagia care, but their knowledge regarding geriatric dysphagia needs to be enhanced. Hospital administrators should provide targeted training to improve geriatric nurses' competency in dysphagia care and thus ensure the quality and safety of dysphagia care for elderly patients.

Manipulation of visible-light polarization with dendritic cell-cluster metasurfaces.

Cross-polarization conversion plays an important role in visible light manipulation. Metasurface with asymmetric structure can be used to achieve polarization conversion of linearly polarized light. Based on this, we design a quasi-periodic dendritic metasurface model composed of asymmetric dendritic cells. The simulation indicates that the asymmetric dendritic structure can vertically rotate the polarization direction of the linear polarization wave in visible light. Silver dendritic cell-cluster metasurface samples were prepared by the bottom-up electrochemical deposition. It experimentally proved that they could realize the cross - polarization conversion in visible light. Cross-polarized propagating light is deflected into anomalous refraction channels. Dendritic cell-cluster metasurface with asymmetric quasi-periodic structure conveys significance in cross-polarization conversion research and features extensive practical application prospect and development potential.

Brain volume alteration and the correlations with the clinical characteristics in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Structural brain abnormalities have been widely reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, many previous results cannot exclude the interferences of medication or multiple recurrent episodes. In this study, we examined structural brain abnormalities by comparing 68 drug-naïve first-episode adult-onset MDD and 68 healthy controls (HCs). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methods were used. The mean values of grey matter volume/white matter volume (GMV/WMV) were calculated, then the differences between MDD and HCs were analyzed, and the associations of the differences with clinical characteristics of depression were discussed. The whole brain GMV/WMV did not differ between MDD patients and HCs; however, the regional GMV of the right pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) was smaller in MDD patients. The GMV of both hippocampi was positively correlated with symptom severity and lower in patients with long durations. These results indicate the GMV reduction of the pre-SMA at an early stage of depression, whereas the GMV of the hippocampus is associated with depressive characteristics. Moreover, the whole brain GMV/WMV was negatively related to the duration of depression, supporting that volume loss could become progressive during the development of disease. These results may suggest the importance of identifying and intervening depression at an early stage, especially the first year after onset, to prevent volume loss in the brain.