How to build a cold chain supply chain system for fresh agricultural products through blockchain technology-A study of tripartite evolutionary game theory based on prospect theory.

The global cold chain logistics market is witnessing a significant upswing, driven by the rising demand for perishable food products and increasing shipment volumes worldwide. Technological advancements are leading to a more intelligent and digitally enabled cold chain logistics system. However, the high loss rate of fresh agricultural products in China poses a significant threat to the country's food security. Therefore, it is imperative to explore innovative solutions, such as blockchain, to address the challenges of traditional cold chain logistics. In this paper, inspired by the prospect theory and evolutionary game theory, we propose an evolutionary game model to analyze the behavioral strategies of the tripartite of n-level cold chain participants, consumers, and government. Using MATLAB software, the numerical simulation of the game path of this tripartite theory is conducted, and the influence of variable parameters on the evolutionary process and outcomes of the system is analyzed. The results the following: (1) The development of an effective cold chain supply chain system can be divided into three stages, and blockchain technology plays a pivotal role in creating a seamless cold chain environment. The cost of blockchain adoption, government rewards, as well as penalties can significantly influence the behavioral choices of the three stakeholders. (2) The behavior of individual cold chain participants has a strong negative externality, which can impact the behavior of others. We also find that the larger the scale of the cold chain, the lower the probability of default by the participants. (3) The government's adoption of blockchain technology and the implementation of effective incentive policies can foster the successful development of the cold chain blockchain infrastructure. Our research contributes to the theoretical understanding of cold chain logistics decision making and policy creation for the tripartite stakeholders, including cold chain participants, consumers, and government. Our findings can serve as a valuable reference for scientific decision making and policy formulation to encourage the development of a robust cold chain supply chain system.

Research on immature wheat harvesting behavior of farmers from the perspective of food security: An evolutionary game based analysis.

Food security constitutes a foundational cornerstone for social stability, with the achievement of sustainable agricultural production serving as a vital step towards this objective. Currently, the untimely harvesting of unripe wheat by farmers has led to a decline in food production, thereby posing a significant threat to the sustainability of China's food system and exacerbating food insecurity. Although the Chinese government has implemented various measures in response, their effectiveness has been limited. Limited scholarly literature exists on this particular issue. To advance food security in China, this study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model involving farmers, the government, and breeding enterprises. Adopting a systemic perspective, this study examines the interactions and impact mechanisms among these key actors during the wheat harvesting process. The findings indicate that the government should prioritize policies that enforce penalties. By implementing penalties within a reasonable range, the government can mitigate farmers' production costs and enhance the market price of grain. This approach discourages farmers from harvesting immature wheat and contributes to enhancing food security. Based on the research findings, this paper provides practical recommendations to guide the government in addressing food security governance issues.

How can blockchain technology promote food safety in agricultural market?-an evolutionary game analysis.

The governance of agricultural food safety issues is closely linked to social interests. To promote food safety supervision in the Chinese agricultural markets under the background of blockchain application, this paper develops a partnership comprising vendors, consumers, and the government. Using the theory of evolutionary game combined with the actual situation of China, the evolutionary process simulations of three participants prove that the tripartite subjects can realize a stable state under the specific relationship. Impact investigation results of typical influential factors indicate the following: (1) The behavior of vendors depends on the government's supervision and consumers' reporting attitude. Limiting the penalty amount for vendors to 66.7% of speculative gains can shorten the processing time for vendors to comply with the law. (2) Consumers play a vital role in food safety supervision of the agricultural market. The penalty for consumers should be limited to 1/3 of the reward amount. (3) The government's incentive-oriented and punishment-inhibited policies can promote blockchain technology in supervision. Punishment-inhibited and key influencing parameters can cooperate in obtaining the maximum regulatory benefits. The results of this study have certain reference values for promoting policy formulation and implementing blockchain technology in agricultural food safety supervision.

Effect of external application of Chinese medicine liquid on preventing phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle: a retrospective study.

OBJECT: To analyze the clinical effect of external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid to prevent phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle in our hospital. METHODS: According to different nursing strategies, 600 patients were divided into control group and observation group. The observation group received external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital; the control group was treated with wet compress with 50% magnesium sulfate solution. Then the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. Then, the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The success rate of one-time puncture was 93.33% in the observation group and 81.67% in the control group. Observation group average indwelling catheter time for (3.89±2.37) days, significantly higher than that of control group (3.00±1.82) days; the incidence of phlebitis in the observation group was 27.33%, lower than that in the control group (43.00%). The satisfaction rate of observation group was 94.00%, significantly higher than that of control group (80.00%). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with magnesium sulfate wet compress, external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital can effectively prevent the occurrence of phlebitis caused by indwelling needle, especially relieve pain during intravenous drip in patients, with high patient satisfaction.

How does agricultural production agglomeration affect green total factor productivity?: empirical evidence from China.

Economic growth in agriculture is often accompanied by environmental pollution. To overcome this dilemma, agricultural green total factor productivity is essential. The role of agricultural production agglomeration has been studied extensively; however, there is no apparent association between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural green total factor productivity. We use the non-angular and non-radial super-efficiency slacks-based measure model and the global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity model to assess the agricultural green total factor productivity in 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2019. In addition, we investigate the evolutionary trend, influence relationship, and internal mechanism between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural green total factor productivity. The results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural green total factor productivity. Heterogeneity analysis finds that this role is more pronounced in provinces located in the Yangtze River economic zone with strong fiscal support for agriculture and high levels of regional economic development. Regarding the mechanism analysis, enhancing green technology progress and the quality of rural human capital leads to an increase in agricultural green total factor productivity. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective on global carbon emission reduction and a theoretical and practical reference for realizing global agricultural green development.

Agricultural cooperatives participating in vegetable supply chain integration: A case study of a trinity cooperative in China.

Supply chain integration plays an important role in the development of the vegetable industry in terms of vegetable quality, vegetable safety, and vegetable security in rural China. This paper explores how agricultural cooperatives integrate the vegetable supply chain by taking a trinity cooperative as an example in China. It explains the translation concatenation of supply chain integration for this cooperative by constructing actor networks in four development stages, including the seed stage, start-up stage, development stage, and mature stage. The findings show that supply chain integration in production cooperation, supply & sales cooperation, and credit cooperation is a useful trinity cooperative model of supply chain integration for investigating vegetable supply chain integration through internal integration and external integration. This paper suggests that cooperatives in the vegetable supply chain should facilitate close coordination among different shareholders and further improve the efficiency of supply chain integration. The government should provide training opportunities and funding to encourage cooperatives to participate in supply chain integration within the vegetable industry.

Agricultural co-operatives participating in supply chain integration in China: A qualitative comparative analysis.

Agro-food supply chain integration (ASCI) plays a growingly important role in the stable and sustainable development of agriculture. However, it is challenging for core firms to integrate the small-scale and scatted farmers due to complex transaction processes and volatile relationships in China. Agricultural co-operatives are organizations that unite farmers' power and help them achieve economic benefits. Our research focuses on ASCI from the perspective of co-operatives. A comprehensive cooperative framework, including trinity co-operatives and trinity federations, is conducted to figure out the position and process of agricultural co-operatives in ASCI, while QCA provides detailed collaborative patterns for agricultural co-operatives to adopt. Results show that agricultural co-operatives can achieve high economic and social/environmental performance when participating in ASCI. This study further completes the ASCI literature and offers many managerial and academic implications to co-operatives' members and policy-makers.

Food Supply Chain Safety Research Trends From 1997 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragility of the global food supply chain, strengthened consumers' awareness of the traceability system throughout the supply chain, and gradually changed consumers' consumption concepts and consumption patterns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the relevant literature on food safety in the food supply chain, examine its current status, hot spots, and development trends, and provide some suggestions for academics and relevant government departments in food supply chain safety research. Methods: We collected the literature on the food safety research of the food supply chain from the Scopus database, used BibExcel to count the subject categories, published journals, geographical distributions, research institutions, authors, and keywords in the literature, and used Pajek software to analyse the keywords in the literature, perform co-occurrence analysis, draw related knowledge maps, and perform cluster analysis on primary keywords. Finally, to study the development trend, we used CorTexT software to illustrate the theme evolution path map in this research field. Results: The keyword visualization network revealed the following key research topics: (1) food safety at the consumer end of the food supply chain, (2) food safety management in the food supply chain, (3) risk management of food safety in the food safety chain, and (4) food safety at the production end of the food supply chain. Conclusions: After comprehensive discussion and analysis, we concluded that food supply chain management may be a hot topic in the future, especially in traceability management combined with the blockchain. It is necessary to explore in-depth how the blockchain can affect the food supply chain to provide a theoretical basis for managing the latter.

Corrigendum: The Tumor Suppressor Role of Zinc Finger Protein 671 (ZNF671) in Multiple Tumors Based on Cancer Single-Cell Sequencing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01214.].

The Tumor Suppressor Role of Zinc Finger Protein 671 (ZNF671) in Multiple Tumors Based on Cancer Single-Cell Sequencing.

In humans, zinc finger protein 671 (ZNF671) is a type of transcription factor. However, the contribution of tumor heterogeneity to the functional role of ZNF671 remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine the functional states of ZNF671 in cancer single cells based on single-cell sequencing datasets (scRNA-seq). We collected cancer-related ZNF671 scRNA-seq datasets and analyzed ZNF671 in the datasets. We evaluated 14 functional states of ZNF671 in cancers and performed ZNF671 expression and function state correlation analysis. We further applied t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to describe the distribution of cancer cells and to explore the functional state of ZNF671 in cancer subgroups. We found that ZNF671 was downregulated in eight cancer-related ZNF671 scRNA-seq datasets. Functional analysis identified that ZNF671 might play a tumor suppressor role in cancer. The heterogeneous functional states of cell subgroups and correlation analysis showed that ZNF671 played tumor suppressor roles in heterogeneous cancer cell populations. Western blot and transwell assays identified that ZNF671 inhibited EMT, migration, and invasion of CNS cancers, lung cancer, melanoma, and breast carcinoma in vitro. These results from cancer single-cell sequencing indicated that ZNF671 played a tumor suppressor role in multiple tumors and may provide us with new insights into the role of ZNF671 for cancer treatment.