The burden of endometriosis in China from 1990 to 2019.

Background: The trends in deaths from and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of endometriosis in China remain largely unknown. This study revealed these trends and the effects of age, period, and cohort on the death from and DALY of endometriosis in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on endometriosis death and DALY in China between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The annual percentage change and average annual percent change (AAPC) were analyzed by joinpoint regression. The effects of age, period, and birth cohort on death and DALYs were estimated using an age-period-cohort analysis. Results: The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate for endometriosis significantly decreased in China, with AAPC values of -4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.10, -4.30) and -1.2 (95% CI: -1.20, -1.10), respectively. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate decreased across all age groups. Moreover, the effect of age on endometriosis death and DALY decreased with advancing age. Both the period and cohort effects on endometriosis death and DALY showed decreasing trends, with the effects on death decreasing faster than the effects on DALY. Conclusions: The endometriosis ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2019. The effects of the period and birth cohort on endometriosis death and DALY showed a declining trend across all age groups. The effect of age on endometriosis deaths and DALYs decreased with advancing age.

Expression of Serum PSA, Nesfatin-1, and AMH in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the leading causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, it has great significance to study the expression levels of PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH. To provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the expression levels of PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH in serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were investigated. The experimental group consisted of 200 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated in Shanghai Huashan Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019. The control group consisted of 150 healthy women without pregnancy. The PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH levels in serum were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were 16.53 ± 0.67pg/ml and 10.75 ± 4.02pg/ml in the experimental group (PCOS patients), which were significantly higher than those in the control group (3.27 ± 0.43pg/ml and 5.18 ± 1.84pg/ml, respectively), while the inhibitive factors in the experimental group (1.89 ± 0.99mg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.10 ± 0.97mg/ml). There was no significant difference in nesfatin-1. The levels of PSA and nesfatin-1, nesfatin-1, and AMH and the levels of PSA and AMH in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were positively correlated, and the differences were statistically significant. The levels of PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome of different ages were different, and the differences were significant and negatively correlated with the age increasing. PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were significantly different from those in control nonpregnant women. There was a certain correlation between the levels of PSA, nesfatin-1, and AMH, and age. The results have specific clinical reference significance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.