Specific determination of HBV using a viral aptamer molecular imprinting polymer sensor based on ratiometric metal organic framework.

An approach is reported based on the combination of aptamer and metal organic frameworks (MOF) to prepare a molecularly imprinted sensor that recognizes viruses with high specificity and sensitivity. Using MIL-101-NH2 as a polymer carrier, viral aptamers were introduced into the carrier surface through an amide reaction to specifically identify the target, and surface imprinting is carried out through tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) self-polymerization. The MIL-101-NH2 is also used as the reference fluorescence signal (λex/λem = 290/460 nm) and rhodamine B as the change signal (λex/λem = 550/570 nm). The ratiometric fluorescence detection and dual recognition strategy not only reduce environmental interference but also greatly improve the sensor's anti-interference ability, the obtained imprinting factor was 5.72, and the detection limit as low as 1.8 pmol L-1. Therefore, the molecular imprinting sensor designed realizes the specific and highly sensitive identification of viruses, which provides theoretical support for the application of molecular imprinting technology in clinical diagnosis of viruses. Graphical abstract Aptamer-molecular imprinting polymer based on metal-organic framework ratiometric fluorescent detect virus.

A sandwich sensor based on imprinted polymers and aptamers for highly specific double recognition of viruses.

Highly selective and highly efficient identification of large viruses has been a major obstacle in the field of virus detection. In this work, a novel sandwich resonance light scattering sensor was designed based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and aptamers for the first time. One of the recognition probes was obtained by molecular imprinting using environmentally friendly carbon spheres as carriers and the other by modification of the aptamer that can specifically recognize hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the surface of silicon spheres. In the presence of both probes, an MIP-HBV-aptamer sandwich structure was formed continuously in the system with the increase in HBV concentration, resulting in a strong resonance light scattering response. Finally, satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity were obtained, and the imprinting factor was as high as 7.56, which was higher than that reported in previous works of viral molecular imprinting sensor. In addition, it is of great significance to solve the problem of insufficient selectivity of traditional detection methods for macromolecular targets.

Molecular imprinting resonance light scattering nanoprobes based on pH-responsive metal-organic framework for determination of hepatitis A virus.

Molecularly imprinted polymer (HM@MIP) nanoprobes were designed form the pH-responsive polymer (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA)) and MIL-101. This probe was applied to the selective determination of hepatitis A virus (HAV) through Resonance light scattering (RLS) technique. DMA adjusts pH of the system to facilitate the capture and release of virus by HM@MIPs as anticipated. And it results in the enhancement or weaken of RLS intensity. According to RLS intensity at 470 nm, a linear concentration of 0.02-2.0 nmol·L-1 and a limit of detection of 0.1 pmol·L-1 were obtained within 20 min. The excellent recoveries ranges from 88% to 107%, and it indicates the prominent ability of the HM@MIPs to determination HAV in human serum and their potential ability to determination virus in real applications. Graphical abstractPrinciple of preparation of the HM@MIPs and detection of virus.

Visual Simultaneous Detection of Hepatitis A and B Viruses Based on a Multifunctional Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Sensor.

Simultaneous detection of large viruses has been a great obstacle in the field of molecular imprinting. In this work, for the first time, a multifunctional molecularly imprinted sensor for single or simultaneous determination of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is provided. Visual detection was realized due to the color of green and red quantum dots that varied with the concentration of the target substance. The combination of hydrophilic monomers and metal chelation reduced the nonspecific binding and enhanced the specificity of adsorption. As a result, satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity were obtained for the detection of the two viruses, with imprinting factors of 3.70 and 3.35 for HAV and HBV, and limits of detection of 3.4 and 5.3 pmol/L, respectively, that were achieved within 20 min. The excellent recoveries during simultaneous detection and single detection modes indicate the prominent ability of the proposed sensor to detect HAV and HBV in human serum and the potential ability to simultaneously detect multiple viruses in real applications.

Fast and sensitive detection of Japanese encephalitis virus based on a magnetic molecular imprinted polymer-resonance light scattering sensor.

A magnetic surface molecularly imprinted-resonance light scattering sensor was developed for rapid and highly sensitive detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). To prepare the surface imprinted polymer, Fe3O4 microspheres were selected as imprinting substrates which coated by silicon. Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) as functional monomers for fixing template molecules JEV through a polymerization process of tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS). The target virus JEV could be captured by the imprinted particles fastly and selectively, resulting in an increase of the RLS intensity. The results of RLS analysis proved that the obtained imprinted nanoparticles exhibited excellent specific recognition ability and high selectivity for the template virus (JEV). Furthermore, the response time of the sensor is within 20 min, which is much shorter than the previous works. The sensor with convenient separation and the limit of detection was 1.3 pM. These experimental results show that the proposed strategy is expected to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of JEV in practical applications.

Molecularly imprinted polymer based hybrid structure SiO2@MPS-CdTe/CdS: a novel fluorescence probe for hepatitis A virus.

A novel designed fluorescence molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) probe made from CdTe/CdS quantum dot (QD)-based silica nanoparticles (SiO2@MPS-CdTe/CdS) was successfully created via a sol-gel process. The target virus - hepatitis A virus (HAV) was selectively captured by imprinted polymer layer, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of the QDs within 20 min, which could be explained by the energy transfer mechanism. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection for the SiO2@MPS-CdTe/CdS MIP was as low as 88 pmol · L-1, and excellent linearity was obtained from 0.2 to 1.4 nM. Additionally, the nanosensor was successfully used to detect the HAV from a dilution of human serum, in which recoveries were in the range of 96.7%-103.8%. Overall, the current work proposes a novel and cost-effective method to synthesize SiO2@MPS-CdTe/CdS MIPs for use as a tool to rapidly and efficiently detect HAV, and it also provides promising perspectives to further advance virus imprinting research.

A magnetic molecularly imprinted optical chemical sensor for specific recognition of trace quantities of virus.

A magnetic resonance light scattering (RLS) sensor based on the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technique was developed for specific recognition of trace quantities of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Through a surface imprinting technique, the virus-magnetic-MIPs (virus-MMIPs) were prepared as the specific identification element, which was based on the effective synthesis of biomimetic polydopamine (PDA) inspired by mussels on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The preparation process of the virus-magnetic-MIPs was simple and rapid under an applied magnetic field. The surface of the magnetic-MIP captured viruses through specific recognition in water, which caused changes to the particle size and shape, and subsequently resulted in changes in the intensity of the RLS. The sensor was applied to determine the amount of HAV in the linear concentration range of 0.02-1.40 nmol L-1, with a low detection limit of 6.2 pmol L-1, and it was successfully applied for the immediate detection of added HAV from a 2000-fold dilution of human serum. More importantly, the proposed strategy addressed the difficulty of virus-MIP detection in the elution process and it is rapid, easy, sensitive, and eco-friendly.