Intra-articular treatment with hyaluronic acid associated with gold nanoparticles in a mechanical osteoarthritis model in Wistar rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intra-articular treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated with GNPs in a mechanical model of osteoarthritis induced by median meniscectomy (MM). Fifty Wistar rats (2 months weighing between 250 and 300 g) were used, divided into five groups of 10 animals each: Sham, osteoarthritis (OA), OA + HA, OA + gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and OA + HA + GNPs. Intra-articular treatment was started 30 days after the model was induced, with a frequency of 2 weeks for 60 days. Fifteen days after the last application, the animals were euthanized with the removal of the joint tissue for biochemical and histological analysis. The model used was able to mimic osteoarthritis, characterized by the presence of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and degeneration of joint surfaces (Grade III, according to SCORE OARSI). The isolated use of HA or GNPs provided beneficial results to the joint; however, only the group subjected to the association between HA and GNPs showed the attenuation of oxidative stress and reduced proinflammatory markers, with a simultaneous increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Upon histological analysis, only the OA + HA + GNPs group achieved the restoration of the thickness of the joint cartilage with reduced damage and return to the intact joint surface. The results found demonstrated that the association of GNPs with HA was able to reverse the deleterious effects caused by the model by inhibiting the progressive degeneration of joint surfaces, representing a promising treatment for osteoarthritis.

Radiographic evaluation of cementation technique using polished, conical, triple-tapered femoral stem in hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To radiographically evaluate the quality of cementation and implantation technique using a polished, triple-tapered femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHOD: Retrospective study with radiographic evaluation of 86 hips in 83 patients who underwent to primary THA with the triple-tapered cemented femoral stem C-Stem (DePuy Orthopedics, Warsaw, Indiana). Cases with at least one-year of follow-up were included, and data related to preoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative radiographic evolution were recorded. This study analyzed, among others, the proximal femoral anatomy, the quality of cementation as described by Barrack, and the implant positioning. Cementation was also evaluated and quantified in the Gruen zones with one-year of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age was 62.85 years. Proximal femoral anatomical conformation was Dorr type A in 34 (39.53%) cases, type B in 52 (60.46%), and no type C cases were found. Five (5.81%) cases were defined as type A by Barrack's cementation classification system, 46 (56.49%) type B, 27 (31.40%) type C, and eight (9.30%) type D. The greatest cement mantle thickness was observed in zones four (15.53 mm) and 11 (15.64 mm), and the smallest in zone nine (3.51 mm). Positioning in varus was observed in eight (9.3%) cases, valgus in 25 (29%), forward deviation in two (5%), and backward deviation in 55 (63.95%). CONCLUSIONS: The C-Stem femoral system presented satisfactory results related to cementation pattern, positioning, osteolysis, and stress shielding with regard to literature referring to double-tapered or triple-tapered models, demonstrating to be a safe method, with a predictable and reliable cementing pattern.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar radiograficamente a qualidade da técnica de cimentação e implantação de hastes femorais polidas e tripla cunha em artroplastias totais do quadril (ATQ). MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo com avaliação de radiografias de 86 quadris em 83 pacientes submetidos à ATQ com componente femoral cimentado polido em tripla cunha C-Stem (DePuy Orthopaedics, Varsóvia, Ind.). Incluímos casos com pelo menos um ano de seguimento, foram registrados dados relacionados à evolução radiográfica pré-operatória, pós-operatória imediata e pós-operatória tardia. Avaliamos, entre outros dados, a anatomia do fêmur, a qualidade da cimentação segundo descrito por Barrack e o posicionamento da haste. A cimentação também foi avaliada e quantificada em cada zona de Gruen com um ano de seguimento. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 62,85 anos. A conformação do fêmur proximal foi do tipo A de Dorr em 34 (39,53%) casos, tipo B em 52 (60,46%) e não foram observados casos do tipo C. Cinco (5,81%) casos foram definidos como tipo A segundo a classificação de cimentação de Barrack, 46 (56,49%) tipo B, 27 (31,40%) tipo C e oito (9,30%) tipo D. A maior espessura média do manto foi observada nas zonas 4 (15,53 mm) e 11 (15,64 mm), a menor foi na zona 9 (3,51 mm). Foi observado posicionamento em varo em oito (9,3%) casos e em valgo em 25 (29%). CONCLUSÃO: A haste femoral C-Stem apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto ao padrão de cimentação, posicionamento, à presença de osteólise e stress shielding, tanto em relação à literatura referente aos modelos em dupla cunha quanto referente ao mesmo modelo de implante, mostrou-se um método seguro e com padrão de cimentação previsível e confiável.

Radiographic evaluation of cementation technique using polished, conical, triple-tapered femoral stem in hip arthroplasty / Avaliação radiográfica da técnica de cimentação com haste femoral cônica polida e tripla cunha em artroplastia do quadril

Abstract Objective To radiographically evaluate the quality of cementation and implantation technique using a polished, triple-tapered femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Method Retrospective study with radiographic evaluation of 86 hips in 83 patients who underwent to primary THA with the triple-tapered cemented femoral stem C-Stem (DePuy Orthopedics, Warsaw, Indiana). Cases with at least one-year of follow-up were included, and data related to preoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative radiographic evolution were recorded. This study analyzed, among others, the proximal femoral anatomy, the quality of cementation as described by Barrack, and the implant positioning. Cementation was also evaluated and quantified in the Gruen zones with one-year of follow-up. Results The mean age was 62.85 years. Proximal femoral anatomical conformation was Dorr type A in 34 (39.53%) cases, type B in 52 (60.46%), and no type C cases were found. Five (5.81%) cases were defined as type A by Barrack's cementation classification system, 46 (56.49%) type B, 27 (31.40%) type C, and eight (9.30%) type D. The greatest cement mantle thickness was observed in zones four (15.53 mm) and 11 (15.64 mm), and the smallest in zone nine (3.51 mm). Positioning in varus was observed in eight (9.3%) cases, valgus in 25 (29%), forward deviation in two (5%), and backward deviation in 55 (63.95%). Conclusions The C-Stem femoral system presented satisfactory results related to cementation pattern, positioning, osteolysis, and stress shielding with regard to literature referring to double-tapered or triple-tapered models, demonstrating to be a safe method, with a predictable and reliable cementing pattern.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar radiograficamente a qualidade da técnica de cimentação e implantação de hastes femorais polidas e tripla cunha em artroplastias totais do quadril (ATQ). Método Estudo retrospectivo com avaliação de radiografias de 86 quadris em 83 pacientes submetidos à ATQ com componente femoral cimentado polido em tripla cunha C-Stem (DePuy Orthopaedics, Varsóvia, Ind.). Incluímos casos com pelo menos um ano de seguimento, foram registrados dados relacionados à evolução radiográfica pré-operatória, pós-operatória imediata e pós-operatória tardia. Avaliamos, entre outros dados, a anatomia do fêmur, a qualidade da cimentação segundo descrito por Barrack e o posicionamento da haste. A cimentação também foi avaliada e quantificada em cada zona de Gruen com um ano de seguimento. Resultados A idade média foi de 62,85 anos. A conformação do fêmur proximal foi do tipo A de Dorr em 34 (39,53%) casos, tipo B em 52 (60,46%) e não foram observados casos do tipo C. Cinco (5,81%) casos foram definidos como tipo A segundo a classificação de cimentação de Barrack, 46 (56,49%) tipo B, 27 (31,40%) tipo C e oito (9,30%) tipo D. A maior espessura média do manto foi observada nas zonas 4 (15,53 mm) e 11 (15,64 mm), a menor foi na zona 9 (3,51 mm). Foi observado posicionamento em varo em oito (9,3%) casos e em valgo em 25 (29%). Conclusão A haste femoral C-Stem apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto ao padrão de cimentação, posicionamento, à presença de osteólise e stress shielding, tanto em relação à literatura referente aos modelos em dupla cunha quanto referente ao mesmo modelo de implante, mostrou-se um método seguro e com padrão de cimentação previsível e confiável.

Gait and function as tools for the assessment of fracture repair - the role of movement analysis for the assessment of fracture healing.

Assessment of gait and function might be as sensitive tool to monitor the progress of fracture healing. Currently available assessment tools for function use instrumented three dimensional gait analysis or pedobarography. The analysis is focused on gait or movement parameters and seeks to identify abnormalities or asymmetries between legs or arms. The additional inclusion of muscle function by electromyography can further elucidate functional performance and its temporal development. Alternative approaches abstain from directly assessing function in the laboratory but rather determine the amount of activities of daily living or the mere ability to perform defined tasks such as walking, stair climbing or running. Some of these methods have been applied to determine recovery after orthopaedic interventions including fracture repair. The combination of lab-based functional measurements and assessment of physical activities in daily live may offer a valuable level of information about the gait quality and quantity of individual patients which sheds light on functional limitations or rehabilitation of gait and mobility after a disease or injury and the respective conservative, medical or surgical treatment.