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1.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 8: 616106, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33748157

RESUMO

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has reached 28 million cases worldwide in 1 year. The serological detection of antibodies against the virus will play a pivotal role in complementing molecular tests to improve diagnostic accuracy, contact tracing, vaccine efficacy testing, and seroprevalence surveillance. Here, we aimed first to evaluate a lateral flow assay's ability to identify specific IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and second, to report the seroprevalence estimates of these antibodies among health care workers and healthy volunteer blood donors in Panama. We recruited study participants between April 30th and July 7th, 2020. For the test validation and performance evaluation, we analyzed serum samples from participants with clinical symptoms and confirmed positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, and a set of pre-pandemic serum samples. We used two by two table analysis to determine the test positive and negative percentage agreement as well as the Kappa agreement value with a 95% confidence interval. Then, we used the lateral flow assay to determine seroprevalence among serum samples from COVID-19 patients, potentially exposed health care workers, and healthy volunteer donors. Our results show this assay reached a positive percent agreement of 97.2% (95% CI 84.2-100.0%) for detecting both IgM and IgG. The assay showed a Kappa of 0.898 (95%CI 0.811-0.985) and 0.918 (95% CI 0.839-0.997) for IgM and IgG, respectively. The evaluation of serum samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients indicates a correlation between test sensitivity and the number of days since symptom onset; the highest positive percent agreement [87% (95% CI 67.0-96.3%)] was observed at ≥15 days post-symptom onset (PSO). We found an overall antibody seroprevalence of 11.6% (95% CI 8.5-15.8%) among both health care workers and healthy blood donors. Our findings suggest this lateral flow assay could contribute significantly to implementing seroprevalence testing in locations with active community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

2.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(4): 2229-2238, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048439

RESUMO

Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains associate with increased virulence, resistance and/or higher transmission rates. This study describes a specific Beijing strain predominantly identified in the Panamanian province of Colon with one of the highest incidences of tuberculosis in the country. Retrospective mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit/variable number of tandem repeats analysis of 42 isolates collected between January and August 2018 allowed to identify a cluster (Beijing A) with 17 (40.5%) Beijing isolates. Subsequent prospective strain-specific PCR-based surveillance from September 2019 to March 2020 confirmed the predominance of the Beijing A strain (44.1%) in this province. Whole-genome sequencing revealed higher-than-expected diversity within the cluster, suggesting long-term prevalence of this strain and low number of cases caused by recent transmission. The Beijing A strain belongs to the Asian African 3 (Bmyc13, L2.2.5) branch of the modern Beijing sublineage, with their closest isolates corresponding to cases from Vietnam, probably introduced in Panama between 2000 and 2012.


Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Animais , Pequim , Células Clonais , Genótipo , Repetições Minissatélites , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Panamá/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(4): 1597-1599, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32815513

RESUMO

COVID-19, designated as SARS-CoV-2, has caused millions of infections worldwide, including in patients with concomitant infections. Here, we report two unusual cases of patients with triple infections of SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and HIV. Both cases were confirmed through microbiological and immunological studies. The acute respiratory phase in both patients was treated with supplemental oxygen. Antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies were started simultaneously. In 2 weeks, both patients demonstrated clinical improvement and recovery from COVID-19. Our findings suggest that even in cases of triple infection, clinical management together with respiratory therapy contributes to patient survival.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/terapia , Adulto , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Convalescença , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , HIV/patogenicidade , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/microbiologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/virologia
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