The Effectiveness of Lumbar Supports.

Nonspecific back pain is a common complaint, especially among older people. Traditionally, nonspecific back pain has been associated with heavy physical activities. However, static activities such as prolonged sitting and standing are contributing factors to nonspecific lumbar pain as well. Lumbar orthoses, such as belts, have been used for heavy physical activity to alleviate or even prevent back pain; however, studies have been inconclusive as to their effectiveness. Furthermore, the use of lumbar orthosis for prolonged sitting and standing is questionable. This case study and review examines the general effectiveness of lumbar orthosis for a variety of activities, including prolonged standing and sitting. The findings provide implications for orthopaedic nurses in occupational settings.

An Accident-Prone Employee: No, Multiple Sclerosis.

An employee is labeled "accident-prone," and sustained an acute lumbar injury at work. Upon physical examination, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was suspected. She was referred to a public health clinic for further evaluation. This is a review article of multiple sclerosis and workplace interventions.

Health Issues and Injury Risks Associated With Prolonged Sitting and Sedentary Lifestyles.

Using a case study, this article reviews the health risks associated with prolonged sitting and the reasons sedentary workers are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. Other health issues associated with prolonged sitting or sedentary behavior as well as the benefits of exercise are also explored. Finally, evidence-based interventions to reduce health risks associated with prolonged sitting may increase productivity.

How a Simple Ankle Sprain Turned Into Neuropathic Pain: Complex Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Versus Erythromelalgia.

A 36-year-old woman sustained a Grade 2 ankle sprain at work. Two days after the injury, the ankle and foot became red and she complained of "intense burning pain." First diagnosed with complex reflex sympathetic dystrophy, the employee was prescribed medications that provided some pain relief; a subsequent temporary nerve block provided additional relief. However, the symptoms returned and she was treated unsuccessfully with surgical sympathectomy. The employee was referred to a neurologist and diagnosed with primary erythromelalgia, a rare pain disorder that can be mistaken as complex reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Computer Vision Syndrome: Implications for the Occupational Health Nurse.

Computers and other digital devices are commonly used both in the workplace and during leisure time. Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a new health-related condition that negatively affects workers. This article reviews the pathology of and interventions for CVS with implications for the occupational health nurse.

Identifying Personal Risk Factors for Falls in the Workplace.

Falls can occur in any occupational setting. Occupational health professionals may focus on creating a safe work environment and training programs to prevent falls. However, an important aspect of safety management is identifying at-risk employees. The purpose of this article is to identify personal risk factors and offer interventions to prevent falls in the workplace.

A Return to Work Program for an Employee With Resolving Vertigo.

Vertigo is a disorder that affects equilibrium. Symptoms include a loss of balance with nausea and vomiting. Employees diagnosed with vertigo can return to work safely; however, they may need workplace restrictions and accommodation as symptoms may persist for months. This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of vertigo with back-to-work recommendations.

Management of Acute Lumbar Injuries in the Workplace.

Occupational acute lumbar injuries are a common injury. One intervention that is unique to occupational health is the determination of the amount of physical activity that an injured worker can perform without increasing the risk of further injury. Clinical recommendations suggest that workers continue to stay active; however, it is still the clinician's responsibility to determine the level of activity. The level of work activity is determined on a case-to-case basis and is done by evaluating the physical capacity of an injured worker and the job description. Current evidence-based guidelines suggest that staying active may actually reduce pain levels. The purpose of this evidence-based literature review is to outline the proper assessment and management of workers who have sustained a work-related low back injury. The related literature has been reviewed as well as red flags for more severe neurological conditions that require more in-depth evaluation. Determining the safe level of activity and guided return to work have been discussed.

A Fall in the Workplace Leads to a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.

A 62 year old male worker sustained a head contusion from a fall in the workplace. When assessing the mechanism of the fall, it was noted that the worker stated that his feet became "stuck" and would not move. He also stated that he could not move fast enough to break his fall. Upon physical examination, a resting tremor was noted as well as upper and lower body rigidity, and a festinating gait. The worker was evaluated by a neurologist and diagnosed with early Parkinson's disease.