[The extraction of proteins from diluted solutions using aerosilogel]. / Izvlechenie belkov iz rabavlennykh rastvotov s pomoshch'iu aérosilogelia.

A simple method has been developed for extraction of proteins from diluted solvents by passing the tested sample through a column packed with aerosilogel, a silica sorbent, granules, followed by protein elution from the column with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid or 6M urea. Virtually complete passage of the protein into the concentrated solution was attained.

[Activity of enzymes participating in xenobiotic metabolism and the condition of microsomal membranes of rat liver in vitamin K deficiency]. / Aktivnost' fermentov, uchastvuiushchikh v metabolizme ksenobiotikov, i sostoianie mikrosomal'nykh membran pecheni krys pri defitsite vitamina K.

Alimentary deficiency or vitamin K (vitamin K-poor diet) as well as the vitamin deficiency resulting from sinkumar administration are accompanied by a decreased activity of microsomal demethylases, hydroxylase, NADH- and nNADPH-reductases of dichlorophenolindophenol and neotrazolium. The activity of cytosolic enzymes (only glutathione-S-transferases, aryl- and allyl esterases) is diminished in a lesser degree. Vitamin K deficiency does not significantly interfere with the effect of the xenobiotic metabolism enzyme inducer (phenobarbital) or the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor (cobalt chloride). The changes in the enzyme activity result in a decrease of acetanilide biotransformation. A possible reason for the observed changes in the activity of microsomal enzymes is the weakening of hydrophobic and polar interactions in microsomal membranes. This hypothesis was confirmed by experiments with the use of membrane perturbants as well as by solubilization of membrane-bound enzymes.

[Allergic dermatitis caused by pyrogenic silica (aerosol)]. / Allergicheskii dermatit, obuslovlennyi pirogennym kremnezemom (aérosilom).

A case of allergic dermatitis developing after a contact exposure of the skin to aerosil is described. The authors suppose that violated intactness of the skin integument is largely responsible for the allergic reaction. The C-reactive protein, Hoigne's, and leucocyte migration inhibition tests have been all markedly positive. It is recommended that types of aerosil other than powder-forming be utilized and that means protecting the skin and the upper respiratory tract be used.

[An immunosorbent method for the quantitative determination of antiliver autoantibodies in patients with viral hepatitis]. / Immunosorbentnyi metod kolichestvennogo opredeleniia protivopechenochnykh autoantitel u bol'nykh virusnym gepatitom.

Autoimmune processes in patients with mild, moderate and severe forms of viral hepatitis B have been studied with the use of a new immunosorbent method for the quantitative determination of autoantibodies (auto-Ab), developed by the authors. The immunosorbent has been obtained on the basis of granulated aerosil, an active protein-adsorbent agent used as a solid antigen carrier. The level of auto-Ab in patients with all forms of viral hepatitis B has been found to exceed the content of such antibodies in practically healthy persons. Besides, in patients with severe and prolonged forms of the disease the content of antihepatic auto-Ab has been found to remain high even after clinical convalescence, which is indicative of the continuation of the autoimmune process.

[Metabolism and toxicity of various xenobiotics in vitamin B1 deficiency and after administration of thiamine and thiamine diphosphate]. / Metabolizm i toksichnost' nekotorykh ksenobiotikov pri nedostatochnosti vitamina B1 i vvedenii tiamina i tiamindifosfata.

Metabolism of aminopyrine, sodium benzoate and toxicity of cyclophosphamide were studied in 185 male rats under conditions of various content of vitamin B1 in the animals. Deficiency of thiamin led to an increase in excretion of 4-aminoantipyrine and especially of its acetylated derivative. After administration of thiamin metabolism of aminopyrine was not distinctly altered, while thiamin diphosphate inhibited the drug biotransformation. In deficiency of vitamin B1 transformation of benzoic acid into hippuric acid was inhibited but formation of glucuronides was elevated. Administration of thiamin or thiamin diphosphate stimulated the benzoic acid conjugation and inhibited the glucuronides formation. Deficiency of vitamin B1 accelerated the cyclophosphamide toxicity. Preadministration of thiamin and especially of thiamin diphosphate decreased the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide.

[Use of trental for correcting the pharmacological effects caused by voltaren and indomethacin]. / Primenenie trentala dlia korrektsii farmakologicheskikh éffektov, vyzvannykh vol'tarenom i indometatsinom.

Treatment of the adjuvant disease in rats by intragastric administration of voltaren or indomethacin (3 mg/kg) was followed by approximately equal anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the affected joints. In this case the development of active dystrophic changes in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys was observed. At combined administration of the antiphlogistics with trental there was noted an enhancement of their therapeutic action on the joints and also a weakening of the ulcerogenic effect and nephrotoxicity that was reflected in the clinical, pathological, morphological and laboratory studies.

[Enzymatic activity of xenobiotic metabolism in rats with a varying body allowance of vitamin B1]. / Aktivnost' fermentov metabolizma ksenobiotikov pri razlichnoi obespechennosti organizma krys vitaminom B1.

Vitamin B1 in rats induced in the liver elevation of activity of metabolic enzymes of xenobiotics bound with membranes (dimethylaniline N-demethylase, aniline n-hydroxylase, aryl esterase). At the same time activity of the cytoplasmatic enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase was appreciably lowered. An additional load with thiamine (20 mg/kg) led to a drop in activity of the membrane-bound enzymes. Vitamin B1 deficiency modified the effect of the inductor phenobarbital. Additional administration of vitamin B1 to thiamine-deficient animals normalized the thiamine level in the liver, and activity of hydroxylase, aryl esterase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and significantly decreased demethylase activity. In vitamin B1-deficient animals high detergent concentrations significantly suppressed NADH-dichlorophenol-indophenol-reductase activity, while low concentrations activated this enzyme as compared to the control.

[Influence of enzyme inducers and inhibitors of the metabolism of xenobiotics and of the coenzyme forms of vitamins B1 and B2 on the anti-inflammatory effect of voltaren]. / Vliianie induktorov i ingibitorov fermentov metabolizma ksenobiotikov, kofermentnykh form vitaminov B1 i B2 na protivovospalitel'nyi éffekt vol'tarena.

In experiments on 245 male rats there was studied the influence of an inductor of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, phenobarbital, an inhibitor of microsomal monooxygenases, cobalt chloride, and also coenzyme forms of vitamins B1 and B2, thiamine diphosphate and flavin mononucleotide on the anti-inflammatory effect of voltaren evaluated according to inhibition of an increase of the limb edema, a decrease of pain sensitivity, the blood level of fucose and the liver level of malondialdehyde in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Phenobarbital weakens the anti-inflammatory action of voltaren but at the same time cobalt chloride and thiamine diphosphate potentiate the therapeutic effect of voltaren. Flavin mononucleotide fails to modify the effect of voltaren but decreases however its toxicity.

[Body vitamin A allowance of rats as a factor affecting the metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics]. / Obespechennost' organizma krys vitaminom A kak faktor, vliiaiushchii na metabolizm i toksichnost' ksenobiotikov.

In experiments on albino rats it was shown that vitamin A deficiency delays and its excess enhances biotransformation of aminopyrine and benzoic acid. Vitamin A excess exerted the protective effect in acute intoxication with bromobenzene, cyclophosphamide and dimethylnitrosamine.

[Effect of various supplies of vitamin B2 in the rat body on the activity of enzymes participating in the metabolism of xenobiotics]. / Vliianie razlichnoi obespechennosti organizma krys vitaminom B2 na aktivnost' fermentov, uchastvuiushchikh v metabolizme chuzherodnykh veshchestv.

Studies on the effect of different content of vitamin B2 (alimentary deficiency, additional administration) in the rat organism on the activity of enzymes participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and on the inducing effect of phenobarbital have shown that vitamin B2 to a considerable extent controls the activity of flavin-containing enzymes participating in the metabolism of xenobiotics (D-amino acid oxidase, xanthine and aldehyde oxidases, NADH- and NADPH-reductase activity of neotetrazolium) and a number of enzymes for which flavins do not play the role of prosthetic group (esterases aldehyde and formaldehyde dehydrogenases, demethylase and hydroxylase). Different content of vitamin B2 in animal organism also influences the action of phenobarbital, an inductor of xenobiotics metabolism, and the acetanilide biotransformation rate.

[Vitamin A and E allowance of the body in xenobiotic exposure]. / Obespechennost' organizma vitaminami A i E pri deistvii ksenobiotikov.

The results are presented of the clinico-experimental studies conducted in patients with diseases of the respiratory organs. Providing with tocopherol, lipid metabolism and peroxidation parameters were studied in these patients in the time course of combined drug therapy. Different variants of providing with vitamins A and E were simulated in rats. It was shown that both under clinical and experimental conditions, administration of xenobiotics produced the devitaminizing effect which was manifest in tocopherol and retinol deficiency, activation of lipid peroxidation in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, in the lungs and liver. The authors have recommended the control over providing with vitamins A and E during the drug therapy of such patients, as well as differential approach to the corrective dietotherapy with the rations enriched with vitamins A and E; the vitamins are especially necessary for the patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases in the presence of obesity and lipid metabolism disorders.

[Immunological reactions in acute destructive pneumonia in children]. / Immunologicheskie reaktsii pri ostroi destruktivnoi pnevmonii u detei.

Clinical examinations of 512 children with acute destructive pneumonia have shown high incidence (27.1%) of medicamentous allergic reactions, high level of sensibilization to antigens of the lung tissue. The use of small doses of polyglucin in experiment prevents the appearance of anaphylactic shock, and in patients with a destructive pneumonia it made the incidence of medicamentous allergic reactions 7 times less frequent.

[Effect of different supplies of vitamin K on the biotransformation of amidopyrine and benzoic acid in the rat]. / Vliianie razlichnoi obespechennosti organizma krys vitaminom K na biotransformatsiiu amidopirina i benzoinoi kisloty.

Group I rats were given orally syncumar (1.5 mg/kg/day) during 5 days to induce K-avitaminosis. Group II and III animals received vikasol, a synthetic analogue of vitamin K (3 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively), during 6 days. Delayed biotransformation of amidopyrine was recorded in the animals with vitamin K deficiency. The total 4-aminoantipyrine excretion was reduced due to a steady decrease in the excretion of both free form of this substance and its acetylated metabolite. Delayed conversion of benzoic acid into hippuric acid and benzoyl glucuronides was noted in rats with K-avitaminosis. Vikasol administration stimulated biotransformation of amidopyrine and benzoic acid, the low doses of vikasol (3 mg/kg) being more effective as compared to the high doses (30 mg/kg).

[Effect of vitamin A on the endogenous synthesis and system of N-nitrosodimethylamine detoxication in the rat liver]. / Vliianie vitamina A na éndogennyi sintez i sistemu detoksikatsii N-nitrozodimetilamina v pecheni krys.

The administration of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its endogenic synthesis from amidopyrine and sodium nitrite decreases in the liver the level of reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, the accumulation of oxidized glutathione as well as the damage of DNA. The gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, the marker of carcinogenesis, increased. The damaging action of NDMA under the influence of vitamin A deficiency increased, but the vitamin excess decreased the biochemical changes in the liver.

[Effect of various thiamine supplies of the body on the enzyme activity in the metabolism of xenobiotics and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes]. / Vliianie razlichnoi obespechennosti organizma tiaminom na aktivnost' fermentov metabolizma ksenobiotikov i protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v mikrosomakh pecheni krys.

The effect of different thiamine supply of the organism on the enzymic activity in metabolism of xenobiotics and the processes of the lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomes with the application of phenobarbital, an inductor of microsomes' enzymes are studied in experiments on Wistar albino male rats. It is established that deficit of vitamin B1 increases the activity in most of processes studied in microsomes and also the intensity of lipids' peroxidation. Phenobarbital enhances the activity of microsomal oxidation irrespectively of vitamin B1 supply, whereas peroxidation of lipids is activated by phenobarbital only in animals fed on physiological doses of vitamin B1. The N-demethylation rate of dimethylaniline in experiments in vitro is inhibited by high doses of thiamine (150 microM), its derivatives inhibited this process in low concentrations (15 microM) as well.

[Possible use of a colorimetric method for determining silicon levels in animal tissues]. / O vozmozhnosti primeneniia kolorimetricheskogo metoda dlia opredeleniia soderzhaniia kremniia v tkaniakh zhivotnykh.

The colorimetric method was studied for the possibility to be used for the quantitative determination of silicon in the phosphorus-rich tissues. The formation of the blue silicomolybdic complex was used to colour the test solutions. It is shown that a considerable interaction between Si and P resulting in distortion of the analysis occurs in solutions containing more than 10 micrograms/ml of P. The concentration of P less than 10 micrograms/ml does not prevent from silicon determination, that evidences for the expedience of maximum dilution of biological fluids before their examination by the colorimetric method.

[Carbohydrates in the liver microsome fraction of rats with hypovitaminosis A]. / Uglevody vo fraktsii mikrosom pecheni krys s A-gipovitaminozom.

Accessibility for trypsin and sodium deoxycholate was determined in carbohydrates of glycoproteins in the liver microsome fraction of rats, which were kept for 80 days on retinol-deficient diet and received optimal amounts of vitamin A. It was found that the prevailing amount of hexose- and glucosamine-containing glycoproteins is located on the outer surface of membrane vesicles and only a smaller part of these proteins is submerged into the lipid layer of the membrane or is located on its inner surface. Above a half of protein bound with fucose and neuraminic acid is located in the lipid layer. Retinol deficiency leads to translocation of a portion of fucose- and hexose-containing proteins on the outer surface of vesicles and to a decrease of the share of these proteins in the hydrophobic membrane zone.