Experiences of Women With Breast Cancer and Their Partners in Achieving Coherence as a Couple During the Disease Journey.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of female patients with breast cancer and their partners in achieving coherence as a couple during the disease journey. DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTING: Colombia, South America. PARTICIPANTS: Women diagnosed with breast cancer in the last 2 years and their intimate partners with whom they lived during the 6 months before study enrollment. In total, 16 heterosexual couples participated in individual interviews and focus groups. METHOD: Interviews and focus groups were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: The Diagnosis: A Moment That Destabilizes the Couple, Couple's Sexuality: Seeking the Best Conditions Between Desire and Reality, Generating Mutually Supportive Dynamics in the Face of Cancer, and The Transformation of a Negative Situation Into a Positive One and Achieving Coherence Within the Couple. The first theme represents the initial moment of uncertainty and emotional reactions due to the confirmation of the diagnosis of breast cancer. The second captures the physical and emotional effects in the couple's sexuality generated by the treatment and diagnosis as well as the strategies used to strengthen the couple's relationship. The third reflects how the couple's support is based on commitment, companionship, and the performance of daily actions. The last describes how the adaptation process allows couples experiencing the disease to achieve coherence. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight that couples experiencing breast cancer can transform the negative situation into an opportunity to strengthen their relationship by achieving coherence. Future research is needed to investigate the antecedents, attributes, and outcomes related to couples' coherence. Moreover, health professionals should perform periodic assessments on the dynamics, coping strategies, and resources at couples' disposal to help promote couples' adaptation and coherence.

Characterization of sperm motility and testosterone secretion in the taiep myelin mutant, a model of demyelination.

Presently, demyelinating diseases have been reported to affect the reproductive life of patients who suffer from them, but the progression of the alterations is unknown, especially in men. To better understand these effects, it is necessary to perform studies in animal models, such as the male taiep rat, which exhibits progressive demyelination of the central nervous system, altered kisspeptin expression at the hypothalamic level, and decreased luteinizing hormone, which could alter sperm quality and testicular diameter. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the sperm motility, and the testosterone levels of 90-day-old male taiep rats. The obtained results indicate that male taiep rats show an increase in testicular size accompanied by an increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the left testicle. There was also a decrease in progressive motility in sperm samples from the left epididymis of male taiep rats compared to the control group, with no changes in serum testosterone concentration. Therefore, we conclude that male taiep rats with central demyelination show altered testicular diameter and decreased motility in sperm from the left side. This type of studies serves as a basis for proposing possible reproductive strategies to improve the fertility and testicular function of men with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nut-Shell Liquid as Antioxidant in Bulk Soybean Oil.

Recently, natural antioxidants for the food industry have become an important focus. Cashew nut-shell liquid (CNSL) is composed of compounds that can act as natural antioxidants in food systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of CNSL and its components to act as natural antioxidants in a bulk oil system. CNSL was treated with calcium hydroxide to obtain two fractions [cardol/cardanols acid fraction (CCF) and anacardic acid fraction (AF)]. CNSL, FF and AF were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The protective effects of CNSL, CCF and AF were tested in terms of the peroxide value of bulk soybean oil in accelerated assays and were compared against controls with and without synthetic antioxidants (CSA and CWA). CNLS, CCF, AF and CSA were tested at 200 mg/kg soybean oil by incubation at 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C for five days. The activation energy (Ea) for the production of peroxides was calculated by using the linearized Arrhenius equation. Thin-layer chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that (i) CNSL contained cardanols, anacardic acids, and cardols; (ii) CCF contained cardanols and cardols; and (iii) AF contained anacardic acids. CSA (Ea 35,355 J/mol) was the most effective antioxidant, followed by CCF (Ea 31,498 J/mol) and by CNSL (Ea 26,351 J/mol). AF exhibited pro-oxidant activity (Ea 8339 J/mol) compared with that of CWA (Ea 15,684 J/mol). Therefore, cardols and cardanols from CNSL can be used as a natural antioxidant in soybean oil.

Tungsten oxide supported on copper ferrite: a novel magnetic acid heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from low quality feedstock.

This study aims to synthesize a WO3/CuFe2O4 catalyst through a wet impregnation method and use it as a new magnetic acid catalyst in the transesterification process of waste cooking oil (WCO). The results of the characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, TG/DTG, VSM and Surface Acidity showed that the obtained bifunctional catalyst has been successfully synthesized. The study of the reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature (140-180 °C), reaction time (1-5 h), molar ratio MeOH : oil (25 : 1-45 : 1) and catalyst loading (2-10% m m-1) was performed in the conversion of WCO into biodiesel via transesterification. The reactional behavior showed the following optimal reaction conditions: reaction temperature of 180 °C, reaction time of 3 h, molar ratio MeOH : oil of 45 : 1 and catalyst loading of 6%. Based on the results, biodiesel with a maximum ester content of 95.2% was obtained using the WO3/CuFe2O4 magnetic catalyst under the optimal reaction conditions. The magnetic catalyst showed excellent catalytic and magnetic performance and it was applied in five reaction cycles with ester content above 80%. Biodiesel properties were found in accordance with ASTM limits. This research provided the development of a stable and reusable WO3/CuFe2O4 bifunctional catalyst for potential application in biodiesel production.

Amparo clínico como representación social de seguridad del paciente en una institución de salud / Clinical Advocacy as a Social Representation of Patient Safety in a Health Care Institution

Introducción: La seguridad del paciente trasciende los diversos ámbitos de la atención, los roles de las personas involucradas, los entornos y los procesos, lo cual es fundamental para alcanzar resultados positivos en salud. Objetivo: Describir la representación social sobre la seguridad del paciente a partir de las expresiones de algunos actores sociales involucrados en la atención en una institución de salud, como lo son el personal, los cuidadores familiares y los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con abordaje microetnográfico y análisis etnográfico según los postulados de Spradley y la orientación teórica de Moscovici, desarrollado en una institución prestadora de salud en Bogotá, Colombia, durante los años 2018 y 2019. Se realizaron 17 entrevistas a profundidad con cuidadores principales y personal de salud, y un grupo focal con estudiantes de enfermería para indagar aspectos clave de seguridad del paciente. Resultados: Como tema central y representación social se identificó el amparo clínico, que consta de cuatro temas: prevención de daños o lesiones, cuidado digno de las personas, satisfacción de las necesidades del paciente y participación de todos. Conclusión: Desde la representación social, la seguridad del paciente significa para los participantes del estudio un compromiso en las actuaciones y procedimientos realizados de manera correcta, oportuna, acorde con las necesidades de la persona y que conduce al mejoramiento y bienestar de estas, lo que se señala como amparo clínico. Esta conceptualización involucra estrategias para alcanzar y mantener la calidad de la atención, conocimiento, habilidades y valores. Además, es descrita como la protección y preocupación por el otro para no generar ningún daño resultado de las actuaciones en salud y tiende a promover el bienestar y la satisfacción de la persona atendida(AU)

Introduction: Patient safety transcends the various care settings, the roles of the people involved, the environments and the processes, which is fundamental to achieve positive health outcomes. Objective: To describe the social representation of patient safety based on the expressions of some social actors involved in health care in a health institution, such as personnel, family caregivers and nursing students. Methods: Qualitative study with microethnographic approach and ethnographic analysis according to Spradley's postulates and Moscovici's theoretical orientation, developed in a health care institution in Bogota, Colombia, during 2018 and 2019. Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted with primary caregivers and health personnel, and a focus group with nursing students to investigate key aspects of patient safety. Results: Clinical protection was identified as the central theme and social representation, which consists of four themes: prevention of harm or injury, dignified care of people, meeting the patient's needs, and participation of all. Conclusion: From the point of view of social representation, patient safety means for the participants in the study a commitment to actions and procedures carried out correctly, in a timely manner, in accordance with the needs of the person and leading to their improvement and wellbeing, which is referred to as clinical protection. This conceptualization involves strategies to achieve and maintain the quality of care, knowledge, skills and values. In addition, it is described as protection and concern for others so as not to generate any harm as a result of health actions and tends to promote the wellbeing and satisfaction of the person cared for(AU)

Sex-specific hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and kisspeptin receptor in progressive demyelination model.

Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, decrease the quality of life of patients and can affect reproduction. Assisted reproductive therapies are available, which although effective, aggravate motor symptoms. For this reason, it is important to determine how the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis is affected in order to develop better strategies for these patients. One way to determine this is using animal models such as the taiep rat, which shows progressive demyelination of the central nervous system, and was used in the present study to characterize the expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Kisspeptin, and kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The expression of kisspeptin, GnRH, and Kiss1R was determined at the hypothalamic level by immunofluorescence and serum LH levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of kisspeptin at the hypothalamic level showed sexual dimorphism, where there was an increase in males and a decrease in females during oestrus. There was no change in the expression of GnRH or kisspeptin receptor, regardless of sex. However, a decrease in serum LH concentration was observed in both sexes. The taiep rat showed changes in the expression of kisspeptin at the hypothalamic level. These changes are different from those reported in the literature with the use of animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, this is because both animal models represent different degrees of progression of multiple sclerosis. Our results suggest that the effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis depend on the differences between the demyelinating processes, their progression, and even individual factors, and it is thus important that fertility treatments are individualized to maximize therapeutic effects.

Thyroid hormone shapes craniofacial bones during postembryonic zebrafish development.

Changing the shape of craniofacial bones can profoundly alter ecological function, and understanding how developmental conditions sculpt skeletal phenotypes can provide insight into evolutionary adaptations. Thyroid hormone (TH) stimulates metamorphosis and regulates skeletal morphogenesis across vertebrates. To assess the roles of this hormone in sculpting the craniofacial skeleton of a non-metamorphic vertebrate, we tested zebrafish for developmental periods of TH-induced craniofacial shape change. We analyzed shapes of specific bones that function in prey detection, capture and processing. We quantified these elements from late-larval through adult stages under three developmental TH profiles. Under wild-type conditions, each bone progressively grows allometrically into a mature morphology over the course of postembryonic development. In three of the four bones, TH was required to sculpt an adult shape: hypothyroidism inhibited aspects of shape change, and allowed some components of immature shape to be retained into adulthood. Excess developmental TH stimulated aspects of precocious shape change leading to abnormal morphologies in some bones. Skeletal features with functional importance showed high sensitivities to TH, including the transformator process of the tripus, the mandibular symphysis of the lower jaw, the scutiform lamina of the hyomandibula, and the anterior arm of the pharyngeal jaw. In all, we found that TH is necessary for shaping mature morphology of several essential skeletal elements; this requirement is particularly pronounced during larval development. Altered TH titer leads to abnormal morphologies with likely functional consequences, highlighting the potential of TH and downstream pathways as targets for evolutionary change.

Effectiveness of tailored intervention with a salutogenic approach to improve adherence in adults with hypertension: a non-randomized trial.

AIMS: Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic long-term, slowly progressing disease. For HTN control, management, and prevention of associated complications, adequate adherence to treatment is required. It has been proposed that tailored interventions to individual needs are required to address the phenomenon of adherence to treatment. However, studies evaluating the effects of tailored interventions to improve adherence are still scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored intervention using a salutogenic approach, to improve adherence in patients with HTN. METHODS AND RESULTS: A non-randomized trial design was used in this study. Adult patients with HTN were allocated in two groups: tailored intervention (n = 75) and standard care (n = 78). The content of the tailored intervention was based on personal resources and elaboration of an action plan with objectives in agreement with the patients. Patient outcomes (treatment adherence, blood pressure) were assessed both at the beginning of the study and at the 4-week follow-up for the intervention group and the standard care group. The Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension was used to measure adherence. The results of this study showed that the total score and each dimension of the adherence questionnaire (medications, diet, physical activity, weight control, stimulation, and stress relief) increased significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). For the group assigned to tailored intervention, the delta score of the total adherence score increased in the final evaluation to 9.4 (95% CI = 8.60-10.28). CONCLUSION: A tailored intervention with a salutogenic approach appears to be effective for improving adherence in patients with HTN. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the effect of tailored interventions in this type of population.

Barriers and Facilitators that Influence on Adopting Healthy Lifestyles in People with Cardiovascular Disease.

OBJECTIVES: To measure lifestyle changes and describe the barriers and facilitators perceived that influence on adopting healthy lifestyles in people with cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Mixed study of concurrent execution in the public health center of the municipality of Tausa, Colombia. The quantitative phase corresponded to a longitudinal analytical method in which the FANTASTICO instrument was applied to 28 patients in this program between 0 and 120 days after a brief nursing intervention (face-to-face meetings and telephone calls). The qualitative phase was carried out with a micro-ethnographic approach applying a semi-structured interview to 12 out of 28 participants, 120 days after the intervention. RESULTS: During the quantitative phase, a statistically significant change (p < 0.05) was the improvement of the total score and in the domains of activity, type of personality and insight between day 0 and 120. During the qualitative phase, 13 categories arose regarding barriers and facilitators to adopt a healthy lifestyle: four facilitators and one barrier for physical activity, three facilitators and three barriers for feeding, and two facilitators for stress management. By integrating the results, it is possible to explain that, for the change in eating behaviors, physical activity and stress management, personal biological and psychological factors, interpersonal and situational influences coincide with the assumptions and propositions of the Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender. CONCLUSIONS: The participants' lifestyles changed positively in three of the domains and the total of the instrument, which can be explained by simultaneous triangulation, by the facilitators and perceived barriers as influential on adopting behaviors to acquire a healthy lifestyle.

Barriers and Facilitators that Influence on Adopting Healthy Lifestyles in People with Cardiovascular Disease / Barreras y facilitadores que influyen en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en personas con enfermedad cardiovascular / Barreiras e facilitadores que influenciam a adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis em pessoas com doenças cardiovasculares

Objective. To measure lifestyle changes and describe the barriers and facilitators perceived that influence on adopting healthy lifestyles in people with cardiovascular diseases. Methods. Mixed study of concurrent execution in the public health center of the municipality of Tausa, Colombia. The quantitative phase corresponded to a longitudinal analytical method in which the FANTASTICO instrument was applied to 28 patients in this program between 0 and 120 days after a brief nursing intervention (face-to-face meetings and telephone calls). The qualitative phase was carried out with a micro-ethnographic approach applying a semi-structured interview to 12 out of 28 participants, 120 days after the intervention. Results. During the quantitative phase, a statistically significant change (p < 0.05) was the improvement of the total score and in the domains of activity, type of personality and insight between day 0 and 120. During the qualitative phase, 13 categories arose regarding barriers and facilitators to adopt a healthy lifestyle: four facilitators and one barrier for physical activity, three facilitators and three barriers for feeding, and two facilitators for stress management. By integrating the results, it is possible to explain that, for the change in eating behaviors, physical activity and stress management, personal biological and psychological factors, interpersonal and situational influences coincide with the assumptions and propositions of the Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender. Conclusion. The participants' lifestyles changed positively in three of the domains and the total of the instrument, which can be explained by simultaneous triangulation, by the facilitators and perceived barriers as influential on adopting behaviors to acquire a healthy lifestyle.

Objetivo. Medir el cambio en el estilo de vida y describir las barreras y los facilitadores percibidos que influyen en la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable en personas con enfermedad cardiovascular. Métodos. Estudio mixto de ejecución concurrente en el centro de salud público del municipio de Tausa, Colombia. La fase cuantitativa correspondió a un método analítico longitudinal, en el que se aplicó el instrumento FANTÁSTICO a 28 pacientes del programa a los 0 y 120 días de realizada una intervención breve de enfermería (encuentros presenciales y llamadas telefónicas). La fase cualitativa se realizó con un abordaje micro-etnográfico aplicando una entrevista semiestructurada a 12 de los 28 participantes, después de 120 días de realizada la intervención. Resultados. En la fase cuantitativa, se encontró un cambio estadísticamente significativo (p<0.05) en la mejoría del puntaje total y en los dominios de actividad física, tipo de personalidad e introspección entre el día 0 y 120. En la fase cualitativa, surgieron 13 categorías relacionadas con barreras y facilitadores para la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable: cuatro facilitadores y una barrera para la actividad física, tres facilitadores y tres barreras para la alimentación y dos facilitadores para el manejo del estrés. Al integrar los resultados, es posible explicar que, para el cambio en las conductas de alimentación, actividad física y manejo del estrés, inciden factores personales biológicos y psicológicos e influencias interpersonales y situacionales que coinciden con los supuestos y proposiciones del Modelo de Promoción de la Salud de Nola Pender. Conclusión. El estilo de vida de los participantes cambió positivamente en tres de los dominios y el total del instrumento, lo que puede ser explicado mediante la triangulación simultánea, por los facilitadores y barreras percibidos como influyentes en la adopción de conductas para la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable.

Objetivo. Medir a mudança no estilo de vida e descreva as barreiras e facilitadores percebidos que influenciam a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável em pessoas com doenças cardiovasculares. Métodos. Estudo misto de execução concorrente no centro de saúde pública do município de Tausa, Colômbia. A fase quantitativa correspondeu a um método analítico longitudinal, em que o instrumento FANTÁSTICO foi aplicado a 28 pacientes do programa aos 0 e 120 dias após uma breve intervenção de enfermagem (encontros presenciais e ligações telefônicas). A fase qualitativa foi realizada com abordagem microetnográfica. Uma entrevista semiestruturada foi realizada com 12 dos 28 participantes, 120 dias após a intervenção. Resultados. Na fase quantitativa, foi encontrada mudança estatisticamente significativa (p <0.05) na melhora da pontuação total e nos domínios atividade física, tipo de personalidade e introspecção entre os dias 0 e 120. Na fase qualitativa, surgiram 13 categorias relacionadas às barreiras e facilitadores para a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável: quatro facilitadores e uma barreira para atividade física, três facilitadores e três barreiras para alimentação e dois facilitadores para controle do estresse. Ao integrar os resultados, é possível explicar que, para a mudança nos comportamentos alimentares, atividade física e gerenciamento do estresse, afetam fatores biológicos e psicológicos pessoais e influências interpessoais e situacionais que coincidem com os pressupostos e proposições do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Conclusão. A pontuação do FANTÁSTICO dos participantes mudou positivamente em três dos domínios e no total do instrumento, o que pode ser explicado pela triangulação simultânea, pelos facilitadores e pelas barreiras percebidas como influenciadoras na adoção de comportamentos para a aquisição de um estilo de vida saudável.

Adaptation to Asthma in Children: A Matter of Coping and Stress Control.

Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world; it is characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and variable airway obstruction. Asthma is a disorder involving autonomic nervous system, immunologic, and psychologic factors in individuals. This work sought to describe the relationship among stress, coping, and disease control in children with asthma between 6 and 12 years of age. This was a cross-sectional correlational quantitative study with the participation of 280 children with asthma admitted to outpatient consultation and to a hospitalization service at a tier IV health institution in the city of Bogotá. An inverse correlation was found between stress and coping (r = -0.581; p < .05); between stress and asthma control (r = -0.545¸ p < .05); and a direct correlation between coping and asthma control (r = 0.759; p < .05). The results show that children with low stress levels have greater control of their disease and assume functional coping against their health status. The theory of Adaptation to Chronic Health Conditions permitted analyzing children's conduct and behaviors against a health situation. These findings provide evidence for promoting interventions directly to patients with asthma, focusing on patients, families, and schools. Thus, it is possible to improve the quality of health care and strengthen primary health care.

Nursing students' attitudes towards alcohol use disorders and related issues: A comparative study in four American countries.

The present study identified and compared the attitudes of nursing students from North and South American countries towards alcohol, alcohol use disorders and persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). A cross-sectional design and survey approach were used. The sample consisted of 327 nursing students recruited from four nursing schools in metropolitan regions of North and South America. The questionnaire contained questions about sex, age, marital status, home country and other questions about training in substance use disorders during nursing education and previous experiences with substance use disorder patients. To identify nursing students' attitudes, validated English, Spanish and Portuguese versions of the attitudes scale for alcohol, alcoholism and persons with AUDs (EAFAA) were applied. Comparison of the four groups suggested that nursing students in the United States demonstrated more positive attitudes than students from Colombia, Mexico and Brazil. Similar positive attitudes were observed towards individuals with AUDs. Results of the attitudes towards the aetiology of AUDs showed positive attitudes in all samples, suggesting a contemporary understanding of AUDs. Nursing students' attitudes were associated with home country and training in substance use disorders during nursing education. Nursing students' attitudes were generally positive across countries. Idiosyncratic cultural and educational aspects in these countries and world regions likely significantly influenced the attitudes of nursing students towards alcohol and associated issues.

Análisis y evaluación de la Teoría de Auto-trascendencia / Analysis and evaluation of the Theory of Self-transcendence

La Teoría de la Auto-trascendencia es una teoría de rango medio que tiene como objetivo comprender y explicar el bienestar en la etapa adulta, durante el proceso de crecimiento o en las experiencias trascendentales de la vida. Esta teoría es de uso frecuente en la literatura de enfermería, por lo que se considera oportuno analizarla y evaluarla. El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar y evaluar la Teoría de Auto-trascendencia, mediante los criterios propuestos por Fawcett. Se analizó el alcance, el contexto y contenido y se evaluó su significancia, consistencia interna, parsimonia, capacidad de comprobación, adecuación empírica y adecuación pragmática. Se concluye que la teoría es útil y aplicable en varias poblaciones y en diferentes momentos y situaciones de la vida y es referente significativo para la enfermería, ya que presenta consistencia interna sólida, es parsimoniosa, ha sido demostrada su aplicabilidad y pragmatismo, y ha mostrado solidez en sus proposiciones y conceptos. (AU)

Self-transcendence is a middle-range theory that aims to understand and explain well-being in adulthood, during the growth process, or in momentous life experiences. This theory is frequently used in the nursing literature, so it is considered appropriate to analyze and evaluate it. The purpose of this work was to analyze and evaluate the Theory of Self-transcendence, using the criteria proposed by Fawcett. The scope, context and content were analyzed and their significance, internal consistency, parsimony, verifiability, empirical adequacy and pragmatic adequacy were evaluated. It is concluded that the theory is useful and applicable in various populations, and in different moments and situations of life and is a significant reference for nursing since it presents solid internal consistency, it is parsimonious, its applicability and pragmatism have been demonstrated, and it has shown solidity in its propositions and concepts. (AU)

Comunicación entre la enfermera y el familiar: una relación entre seres humanos honesta, directa y real / Communication between the Nurse and the Family Member: An Honest, Direct, and Authentic Relationship between Human Beings / A comunicação entre o enfermeiro e o familiar: uma relação honesta, direta e real entre o ser humano

Introducción: la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) genera en el paciente y sus familias sentimientos de falta de control, incertidumbre y ansiedad que se encuentran relacionados con falta de información y comunicación tanto sobre el proceso de salud-enfermedad vivido como sobre el tratamiento. Objetivo: describir las características de la comunicación en un etnos determinado entre la enfermera y el familiar del paciente hospitalizado. Método: estudio cualitativo con enfoque microetnográco que utilizó para el análisis la propuesta de Bardin. Los participantes fueron 12 familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en la UCI adultos de las ciudades de Bucaramanga y Floridablanca (Colombia) durante el 2016. Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada con cinco preguntas sobre la comunicación con el profesional de enfermería. Resultados: en su mayoría, los participantes fueron mujeres, universitarias e hijas procedentes de ciudades diferentes del lugar de la entrevista. Surgió un tema principal: la comunicación: una relación entre seres humanos honesta, directa y real, conformado por cuatro categorías: la información como eje central de la comunicación en UCI; la comunicación que no se expresa con palabras, aún más importante en la relación; la comunicación no uye si no hay tiempo, disposición y condiciones para entablar la relación; y la comunicación genera sentimientos positivos y satisfacción. Conclusión: la comunicación como proceso social enmarcado en la UCI como etnos particular demanda de la enfermera profesional cualidades como amabilidad, cordialidad, empatía, reconocimiento y lenguaje entendible, al igual que la realimentación y disposición para entablar y mantener este proceso vital para las relaciones humanas.

Introduction: The intensive care unit (ICU) stay generates feelings of lack of control, uncertainty, and anxiety in the patient and their families related to a lack of information and communication about the health-disease process experienced and the treatment. Objective: to describe the characteristics of communication in the ethnos between the nurse and the family member of the hospitalized patient. Method: a qualitative study with a micro ethnographic approach that used Bardin's proposal for the analysis. The participants were 12 relatives of patients hospitalized in the adult ICU in Bucaramanga and Floridablanca (Colombia) during 2016. A semi-structured interview was conducted with ve questions about communication with the nurse practitioner. Results: most of the participants were women, university students, and daughters from cities other than the place of the interview. The main theme that emerges was communication: an honest, direct, and authentic relationship between human beings, made up of four categories: information as the central axis of communication in ICU; communication that is not expressed in words, which is even more important in the relationship; communication does not ow if there is no time, disposition, and conditions to establish the relationship; and communication generates positive feelings and satisfaction. Conclusion: communication as a social process framed in the ICU as a particular ethnos demand from the nurse practitioners' qualities such as kindness, cordiality, empathy, recognition, and understandable language, as well as feedback and willingness to establish and maintain this vital process for human relationships

Introdução: a permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) gera no paciente e suas famílias, sentimento de falta de controle, incerteza e ansiedade relacionados com falta de informações e comunicação tanto sobre o processo saúde-doença vivido quanto sobre o tratamento. Objetivo: descrever as características da comunicação em um determinado etnos entre enfermeiro e familiar do paciente internado. Método: estudo qualitativo com abordagem microetnográca que utilizou a proposta de Bardin para a análise. Os participantes foram 12 familiares de pacientes internados na UTI adulto das cidades de Bucaramanga e Floridablanca (Colômbia) durante o 2016. Foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada com cinco questões sobre a comunicação com o profissional de enfermagem. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes foram mulheres, universitárias e filhas provindas de outras cidades que não o local da entrevista. Emergiu um tema central: a comunicação: relação honesta, direta e real entre os seres humanos, composta por quatro categorias: a informação como eixo central da comunicação em UTI; comunicação que não se expressa em palavras, ainda mais importante na relação; a comunicação não flui se não houver tempo, disposição e condições para estabelecer o relacionamento; e a comunicação gera sentimentos positivos e satisfação. Conclusão: a comunicação como processo social enquadrado na UTI como etnos particular exige do profissional enfermeiro qualidades como gentileza, cordialidade, empatia, reconhecimento e linguagem compreensível, bem como feedback e disposição para estabelecer e manter esse processo vital para as relações humanas

Salutogenesis and cardiovascular health in adults: a scoping review / Salutogênese e saúde cardiovascular em adultos: uma revisão exploratória / Salutogénesis y salud cardiovascular en adultos: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify and synthesize evidence that relates the salutogenic theory proposed by Antonovsky with cardiovascular disease in adults. Methods: we conducted a scoping review as proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Bibliographic databases were searched for original research articles about salutogenesis and cardiovascular health. The search yielded 29 studies that met the previously defined inclusion criteria. The results were evaluated and summarized in the form of a narrative. Results: the findings of the studies pointed to a correlation among a strong sense of coherence, high quality of life and a greater likelihood of adopting healthy behaviors. Furthermore, the articles showed that social support improves perceived health and well-being of adults with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: as a central concept of the salutogenic theory, a sense of coherence represents a topic of interest for nursing professionals. Through their interventions, nurses can strengthen and improve people's skills in the quest for and maintenance of their own health.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e sintetizar as evidências que relacionam a teoria salutogênica proposta pelo Antonosvsky com doenças cardiovasculares em adultos. Métodos: realizou-se uma revisão exploratória da literatura de acordo com a proposta de Arksey e O'Malley e identificou-se artigos de pesquisa originais sobre a salutogênese e a saúde cardiovascular por meio de bases de dados bibliográficas. Desses, 29 cumpriram com os critérios de inclusão previamente definidos. Os resultados foram avaliados e sintetizados em uma narrativa. Resultados: os resultados demonstram uma correlação entre um forte sentido de coerência, melhor qualidade de vida e maior tendência de adotar condutas saudáveis, além de evidenciarem que o apoio social melhora a percepção de saúde e o bem-estar de adultos com doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusões: o sentido de coerência como conceito central da teoria salutogênica representa um tema de interesse para profissionais de enfermagem. Por meio de intervenções, estes podem fortalecer e melhorar as capacidades das pessoas na busca e manutenção de sua própria saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar y sintetizar la evidencia que relaciona la teoría salutogénica propuesta por Antonovsky con enfermedad cardiovascular en personas adultas. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un scoping review según lo propuesto por Arksey y O'Malley, se identificaron artículos de investigación originales sobre salutogénesis y salud cardiovascular a través de bases de datos bibliográficas, de los cuales 29 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión definidos previamente. Los resultados fueron evaluados y sintetizados en una narrativa. Resultados: los hallazgos demuestran relación entre un fuerte sentido de coherencia, con una alta calidad de vida y mayor tendencia a adoptar conductas saludables, además evidencian que el apoyo social mejora la percepción de la salud y el bienestar de las personas adultas con enfermedad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: el sentido de coherencia como concepto central de la teoría salutogénica representa un tema de interés para los profesionales de enfermería quienes, a través de intervenciones, podrán fortalecer y mejorar las capacidades de las personas para la búsqueda y mantenimiento de su propia salud.

Sucker with a fat lip: The soft tissues underlying the viscoelastic grip of remora adhesion.

Remoras are fishes that attach to a broad range of hosts using an adhesive disc on their head that is derived from dorsal fin elements. Research on the adhesive mechanism of remoras has focused primarily on the skeletal components of the disc and their contribution to generating suction and friction. However, the soft tissues of the disc, such as the soft lip surrounding the bony disc and the muscles that control the bony lamellae, have been largely ignored. To understand the sealing mechanism of the disc, it is imperative to understand the tissue morphology and material properties of the soft lip. Here, we show that the soft lip surrounding the remora disc is comprised of discrete multilayered collagen, fat, and elastic tissues which we hypothesize to have specific roles in the viscoelastic sealing mechanism of the remora disc. The central, heavily vascularized fat and collagen layer are infiltrated by strands of elastic tissue and surrounded by crossed-fiber collagen. A newly described jubilee muscle underneath the adhesive disc provides a mechanism for stopping venous return from the disc lip, thereby allowing it to become engorged and create a pressurized fit to the attachment substrate. Thus, the remora lip acts as a vascular hydrostat.

COVID-19: una realidad inequitativa y compleja para las mujeres / Covid 19: uma realidade desigual e complexa para as mulheres / COVID-19: An inequitable and complex reality for women

Objetivo: reconocer y reflexionar sobre los impactos de la infección por coronavirus en ámbitos diversos en los que las mujeres viven y cómo afrontar los retos derivados de esta situación durante y después de la pandemia. Síntesis de contenido: este documento de reflexión expresa la experiencia y el sentir de mujeres, enfermeras y docentes frente a lo que está sucediendo en la vida de las personas, en particular de las mujeres, a partir de diciembre de 2019 con la aparición del SARS-CoV 2 y la COVID-19. Conclusión: se evidencian los cambios en diversas áreas de la vida de las personas, especialmente en las mujeres, haciendo evidente las inequidades, desigualdades y vulnerabilidades. A partir de ello, se propone la ciudadanía como una nueva forma de ciudadanía basada en el cuidado.

Objetivo: o objetivo deste texto é reconhecer e refletir sobre os impactos da infecção por coronavírus em diversos ambientes em que as mulheres vivem e como os desafios podem ser enfrentados durante e após a pandemia. Síntese de conteúdo: este documento de reflexão expressa a experiência e os sentimentos de mulheres, enfermeiras e professoras em relação ao que está acontecendo na vida das pessoas, a partir de dezembro de 2019, em particular das mulheres, com o aparecimento da Sars-CoV 2 e da covid-19. Conclusão: as mudanças são evidentes em diversos âmbitos da vida das pessoas, principalmente das mulheres, evidenciando iniquidades, desigualdades e vulnerabilidades. A partir disso, a "cuidadania" é proposta como uma nova forma de cidadania baseada no cuidado.

Objective: To identify and reflect on the impacts of coronavirus infection in diverse settings of women's lives and how derived challenges could be faced during and after the pandemic. Content synthesis: This reflection document expresses the experience and feelings of women and female nurses and teachers regarding what is now happening in the lives of people, particularly women, as of December 2019 with the appearance of SARS -CoV 2 and COVID-19. Conclusion: Changes in various areas of people's lives, especially women, become evident, thus making visible existing inequities, inequalities and vulnerabilities. Based on this, a new form of citizenship based on caring, known as "cuidadanía," arises.

Maternal characteristics, home environment, and other factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in preschool children.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The importance of external factors such as maternal and home characteristics on traumatic dental injuries needs to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and home characteristics and dental trauma in preschool children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study using a cluster random sample evaluated children between 3 and 4 years of age from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Mothers completed the Brazilian version of the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). They answered questions about sociodemographics, maternal behaviors, and home characteristics. Dental trauma was assessed by the Children's Dental Health Survey criteria. Malocclusion and deleterious habits were also assessed. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the association of exploratory variables with different categories of dental trauma. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 163 pairs of children and mothers agreed to participate (78.4% response rate). The prevalence of dental trauma was 49.8%. Mother's work outside the home, overjet, and anterior crossbite were associated with the occurrence of enamel trauma, while having a younger mother, families having more siblings, and having a mother with university education were associated with increased odds of dentin/pulp trauma. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety in the mothers were not associated with dental trauma, while malocclusion characteristics were more relevant for less severe, enamel trauma. Socioeconomic and home environment characteristics played a role in more severe, dentin/pulp trauma.

The Role of Mother's Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices in Dental Caries on Vulnerably Preschool Children

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and mother´s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 163 preschool children aged 3-4 old in southern Brazil. The severity of dental caries and ECC was assessed by ICDAS criteria, while mothers completed the semi-structured questionnaire (KAP-ECC). Maternal behavior characteristics and answered questions about socioeconomic and demographic variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of exploratory variables with ECC. For this approach, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). Results: Dental examinations revealed that 91.4% of children presented ECC (ICDAS = 3, 4, 5 or 6). Among those children, 31.9% presented cavities (ICDAS ≥ 3). Family income was significantly associated with the presence of ECC (OR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.41-3.36). Regarding KAP-ECC, mothers have knowledge related to ECC etiology, reported dental hygiene attitudes and practices that can prevent ECC but reported less healthy attitudes and practices regarding child's diet, specifically with respect to bottle and breastfeeding habits (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.81). Conclusion: ECC was more frequent in children from low-income families and whose mothers reported the belief that milk with chocolate does not contribute to caries and that disagreed that it is normal that a 2-year-old baby wakes up during the night to suckle. That is, good knowledge toward health habits may impact on lower occurrence of ECC; however, this condition also depends on the socioeconomic level.

Hábitos alimenticios en estudiantes de la Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca 2019 / Eating habits in students of the San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University 2019

En la Universidad Mayor Real Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, los estudiantes universitarios son vulnerables a una mala nutrición, no desayunan, ayunan por largas horas, prefieren la comida rápida. Los hábitos poco saludables, provocan una serie de consecuencias que perjudican el estado de salud e influyen en su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de hábitos alimenticios de los estudiantes. En este estudio se encuestaron por medio de un test por vía web a la población de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca tomando una muestra de 344 estudiantes de las distintas facultades. Se utilizó el método hipotético deductivo cualitativo, tomando en cuenta la variable hábitos alimenticios, la herramienta que se utilizó para el vaciado de datos fue Excel. Entre los resultados, se determinó que un 38.37% de estudiantes tienen malos hábitos alimenticios, un 25,58% tienen buenos hábitos alimenticios y un 36,05% tienen hábitos alimenticios regulares. Un porcentaje de estudiantes consideran que el sabor es el factor más importante a la hora de escoger alimentos con un 40,7%. El principal motivo por el cual evitan un alimento, es porque no les gusta y tan solo 12,50% no evitan ningún alimento. En conclusión, los inadecuados hábitos alimentarios hallados en este estudio están relacionados a los factores de que no desayunan y consumen alimentos que están a su alcance económico. Esta etapa es crítica en la adquisición de buenos hábitos alimenticios en la vida universitaria.

At the Universidad Mayor Real Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, university students are vulnerable to poor nutrition, they do not eat breakfast, they fast for long hours, they prefer fast food. Unhealthy habits cause a series of consequences that damage the state of health and influence their quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of eating habits of the students. In this study, the population of the San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University were surveyed by means of a web test, taking a sample of 344 students from the different faculties. The hypothetical qualitative deductive method was used, taking into account the variable eating habits, the tool used to empty the data was Excel. Among the results, it was determined that 38.37% of students have bad eating habits, 25.58% have good eating habits and 36.05% have regular eating habits. A percentage of students consider that taste is the most important factor when choosing food with 40.7%. The main reason why they avoid a food is because they do not like it and only 12.50% do not avoid any food. In conclusion, the inadequate eating habits found in this study are related to the factors that they do not eat breakfast and consume foods that are within their economic reach. This stage is critical in the acquisition of good eating habits in university life-