Statistical thermodynamics of the Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons out of equilibrium.

This work presents a nonequilibrium statistical-thermodynamic approach to the study of a Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons under radio-frequency radiation pumping. Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein condensates display a complex behavior consisting in steady-state conditions to the emergence of a synergetic dissipative structure resembling the Bose-Einstein condensation of systems in equilibrium. Then a kind of "two-fluid model" arises: the "normal" nonequilibrium structure and the Fröhlich condensate, which is shown to be an attractor to the system. In this study we analyze some aspects of the irreversible thermodynamics of this dissipative complex system. We obtained the expression for the informational entropy of the two-fluid condensate and introduced an order parameter to characterize the role of the Fröhlich interaction in ordering the system. The analysis highlights the order increase due to the Fröhlich interaction. We also study the informational entropy production of the system, considering its internal and external parts. Finally, the Glansdorff-Prigogine criteria for evolution and (in)stability are verified.

Maxwell times in higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: Classical fluids, and carriers and phonons in semiconductors.

A family of what can be so-called Maxwell times which arises in the context of higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH; also called mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics) is evidenced. This is done in the framework of a HOGH built within a statistical formalism in terms of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. It consists in a description in terms of the densities of particles and energy and their fluxes of all orders, with the motion described by a set of coupled nonlinear integro-differential equations involving them. These Maxwell times have a fundamental role in determining the type of hydrodynamic motion that the system would display in the given conditions and constraints. They determine a Maxwell viscous force not present in the usual hydrodynamic equations, for example, in Navier-Stokes equation.

Higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: Foundations within a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism.

Construction, in the framework of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism, of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics, also referred to as mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics, that is, covering phenomena involving motion of fluids displaying variations short in space and fast in time-unrestricted values of Knudsen numbers, is presented. In that way, an approach is provided enabling the coupling and simultaneous treatment of the kinetics and hydrodynamic levels of descriptions. It is based on a complete thermostatistical approach in terms of the densities of matter and energy and their fluxes of all orders covering systems arbitrarily driven away from equilibrium. The set of coupled nonlinear integrodifferential hydrodynamic equations is derived. They are the evolution equations of the Gradlike moments of all orders, derived from a generalized kinetic equation built in the framework of the nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. For illustration, the case of a system of particles embedded in a fluid acting as a thermal bath is fully described. The resulting enormous set of coupled evolution equations is of unmanageable proportions, thus requiring in practice to introduce an appropriate description using the smallest possible number of variables. We have obtained a hierarchy of Maxwell times, associated to the set of all the higher-order fluxes, which have a particular relevance in the process of providing criteria for establishing the contraction of description.

Mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics of complex-structured materials.

Some experimental results in the study of disordered systems, polymeric fluids, solutions of micelles and surfactants, ionic-glass conductors, and others show a hydrodynamic behavior labeled "anomalous" with properties described by some kind of fractional power laws in place of the standard ones. This is a consequence of the fractal-like structure that is present in these systems of which we do not have a detailed description, thus impairing the application of the conventional ensemble formalism of statistical mechanics. In order to obtain a physical picture of the phenomenon for making predictions which may help with technological and industrial decisions, one may resort to different styles (so-called nonconventional) in statistical mechanics. In that way can be introduced a theory for handling such impaired situations, a nonconventional mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics (MHT). We illustrate the question presenting an application in a contracted description of such nonconventional MHT, consisting in the use of the Renyi approach to derive a set of coupled nonstandard evolution equations, one for the density, a nonconventional Maxwell-Cattaneo equation, which in a limiting case goes over a non-Fickian diffusion equation, and other for the velocity in fluids under forced flow. For illustration the theory is applied to the study of the hydrodynamic motion in several soft-matter systems under several conditions such as streaming flow appearing in electrophoretic techniques and flow generated by harmonic forces arising in optical traps. The equivalence with Lévy processes is discussed and comparison with experiment is done.

Thermoelastic analysis of a silicon surface under x-ray free-electron-laser irradiation.

We present an analysis of the time evolution of a highly excited silicon substrate after partial absorption of a femtosecond soft x-ray pulse. The detailed time-dependent thermoelastic behavior of the substrate in terms of the displacements u(r,t) is derived for time delays for which the usual local thermodynamic variables, temperature T(r,t) and density n(r,t), become well-defined, namely, a few hundred femtoseconds after x-ray pulse absorption. For practical optical components under present conditions of operation with trains of pulses, we find that in a worst case scenario, already the 50th pulse in the train could be adversely affected by dynamic distortion induced by the preceding pulses [corrected]

Morphological ordering in biopolymers: informational statistical thermodynamic approach.

We consider the question of the emergence of morphological ordering in an open far-from-equilibrium model of a biopolymer. We apply informational statistical thermodynamics, which was shown to be appropriate to deal with dissipative systems displaying complex behavior. The formation of nonlinear spatial ordering consisting in the emergence of static charge-density waves, producing a bioelectret-type state, is evidenced. This kind of behavior may arise in biopolymers under the influence of biochemical processes.