Increased dietary fatty acids determine the fatty-acid profiles of human pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas and liver.

Primary contents of dietary fat are three or four types of fatty acids, namely saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n6PUFA) and, to less extent, n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3PUFA). Previous studies suggest that increased SFA, MUFA, and n6PUFA in high fat diets (HFDs) stimulate the origination, growth, and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas increased n3PUFA has the opposite effects. It is unclear whether the fatty acid-induced effects are based on changed fatty-acid composition of involved cells. Here, we investigated whether increased SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA in different HFDs determine the FA profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their carrier's plasma, pancreas, and liver. We transplanted MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic cancer cells in athymic mice and fed them normal diet or four HFDs enriched with SFA, MUFA, n6PUFA, and n3PUFA, respectively. After 7 weeks, fatty acids were profiled in tumor, plasma, pancreas, and liver, using gas chromatography. When tumor carriers were fed four HFDs, the fatty acids that were increased dietarily were also increased in the plasma. When tumor carriers were fed MUFA-, n6PUFA-, and n3PUFA-enriched HFDs, the dietarily increased fatty acids were also increased in tumor, pancreas, and liver. When tumor-carriers were fed the SFA-enriched HFD featuring lauric and myristic acids (C12:0 and C14:0), tumor, pancreas, and liver showed an increase not in the same SFAs but palmitic acid (C16:0) and/or stearic acid (C18:0). In conclusion, predominant fatty acids in HFDs determine the fatty-acid profiles of pancreatic cancer cells and their murine carriers.

Purification of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils. and its protective effects against DSS-induced colitis.

Sargentodoxa cuneata is a tropical plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat intestinal inflammation. In this study, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside (DAG) was purified from the stem of S. cuneata using macroporous resins and its bioactivity was also investigated. The adsorption/desorption of DAG on macroporous resins was investigated systematically. HPD300 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for DAG purification. Further dynamic absorption/desorption experiments on the HPD300 column were conducted to obtain the optimal parameters. To obtain more than 95% DAG, a second stage procedure was developed to purify the DAG using SiliaSphere C18 with 8% v/v acetonitrile through elution at low pressure. Further investigation showed that DAG pretreatment significantly reversed the shortening of colon length, the increase in the disease activity index (DAI) scores and histological damage in the colon. Moreover, DAG greatly increased SOD and GPx activities, significantly decreased MPO and MDA activities and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Free radical scavenging activities of DAG were assessed using DPPH, with an IC50 value of 17.03 ug/mL. Additionally, DAG suppressed ROS and proinflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. The results were indicative of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DAG. When viewed together, these findings indicated that DAG can be used to expand future pharmacological research and to potentially treat colitis.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Active Ingredients in Sargentodoxa cuneata by HPLC Coupled with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection.

A HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection method had been developed for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol glycoside, salidroside, chlorogenic acid, and liriodendrin in the stem of Sargentodoxa cuneata. With a C18 column, the analysis was performed using acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase in gradient program at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The optimum drift tube temperature of evaporative light scattering detection was at 105°C with the air flow rate of 2.5 L/min. The calibration curves showed good linearity during the test ranges. This method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, precision, and reproducibility. The recoveries were within the range of 96.39%-104.64%. The relative standard deviations of intraday and interday precision were less than 2.90% and 3.30%, respectively. The developed method can be successfully used to quantify the four analytes in the stem of Sargentodoxa cuneata from various regions in China.

Preparative Purification of Liriodendrin from Sargentodoxa cuneata by Macroporous Resin.

The preparative purification of liriodendrin from Sargentodoxa cuneata using macroporous resin combined with crystallization process was evaluated. The properties of adsorption/desorption of liriodendrin on eight macroporous resins were investigated systematically. X-5 resin was selected as the most suitable medium for liriodendrin purification. The adsorption of liriodendrin on X-5 resin fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption/desorption tests were performed using a glass column packed with X-5 resin to optimize the separation process of liriodendrin. After one treatment with X-5 resin, the content of liriodendrin in the product was increased 48.73-fold, from 0.85% to 41.42%, with a recovery yield of 88.9%. 97.48% liriodendrin was obtained by further crystallization and determined by HPLC. The purified product possessed strong antioxidant activity. In conclusion, purification of liriodendrin might expend its further pharmacological researches and further applications in pharmacy.